About this Document............................................1
Quick install notes for the impatient..........................2
What is NetBSD?................................................2
Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.5.3...................................3
Major Changes Between 1.5.2 and 1.5.3..........................3
Known Caveats with 1.5.3.......................................4
Major Changes Between 1.5.1 and 1.5.2..........................5
Major Changes Between 1.5 and 1.5.1............................5
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.4 and 1.5 Releases................7
Kernel......................................................7
Networking..................................................8
File system.................................................8
Security....................................................8
System administration and user tools........................9
Miscellaneous...............................................9
The Future of NetBSD..........................................10
Sources of NetBSD.............................................10
NetBSD 1.5.3 Release Contents.................................10
NetBSD/sparc subdirectory structure........................12
Binary distribution sets...................................12
NetBSD/sparc System Requirements and Supported Devices........14
Supported machines.........................................14
Machines not supported by NetBSD/sparc.....................15
Supported devices..........................................15
Unsupported devices........................................17
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................17
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................19
Configuring your PROM......................................19
Determining how to access your SCSI disk from the..........21
Deciding on partition sizes................................22
Configuration of network interfaces........................22
Installing the NetBSD System..................................22
Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable filesystem on a....22
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM...............23
Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies...........23
Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup.................24
Configuring your netboot server............................25
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable tape.................26
Running the installation scripts...........................27
Post installation steps.......................................28
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................30
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............31
General issues.............................................31
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior.......31
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................32
Administrivia.................................................32
Thanks go to..................................................33
We are........................................................35
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................39
The End.......................................................41
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD1.5.3
on the
sparc
platform. It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to install NetBSD1.5.3 on a machine of the sparc architecture.
sparc_bootable.iso
or the floppy disk images,
install/floppy/disk1.gz and install/floppy/disk2.
You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system.
Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel, which requires
several local netboot services. The details are not covered here, as
setting up a netboot server is hardly
``quick''.
binary/sets/
directory.
When you boot the install
floppies or CD-ROM,
the installation program
can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp),
if you have a network connection.
There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
your machine.
You will at a minimum need
the following sets:
kern.tgz,
base.tgz
and
etc.tgz.
In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
all the installation sets.
The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation kernel, which contains all the tools required to install NetBSD.
STOP-A
keys. At the
``ok''
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
NetBSD.
The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
your model):
``b sd(,30,)'',
``boot sd(,30,)'',
or
``boot cdrom''.
The command to boot from floppy is either ``boot fd(,,1)'' or ``boot floppy''. The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready for it.
The
NetBSD
Operating System is a fully functional
Open Source
UNIX-like
operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley
Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.
NetBSD
runs on thirty-one different system architectures featuring twelve distinct
families of CPUs, and is being ported to more. The
NetBSD1.5.3
release contains complete binary releases for fifteen different
machine types. (The sixteen remaining are not fully supported at this time
and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on
them, please see the
NetBSD
web site at
http://www.netbsd.org/.)
NetBSD
is a completely integrated system.
In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel,
NetBSD
features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several
languages, the X Window System, firewall software
and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD
is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
possible, it's likely that
NetBSD
wouldn't exist.
NetBSD
1.5.3 is an upgrade of
NetBSD
1.5, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, and earlier major and maintenance releases of
NetBSD.
The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk
in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from
after
the point where the release cycle for 1.5 was started are designated
by version identifiers such as 1.5A, 1.5B, etc.
These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes
in internal kernel APIs.
Note that the kernel from
NetBSD
1.5.3 can
not
be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development
versions.
Trying to use the
NetBSD
1.5.3 kernel on such a system
will
probably result in problems.
Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version''
comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned
above and 1.5.3 to determine if a given feature is present or absent
in 1.5.3. The development of 1.5 and the subsequent maintenance releases
is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository.
The branch was created when
the release cycle for 1.5 was started, and during the release cycle of
1.5 and its maintenance releases, selected fixes and enhancements have been
imported from the main development trunk.
So, there are features in 1.5.3 which were not in, e.g. 1.5B, and vice
versa.
In addition, many bugs have been fixed--more than 70 problems
reported through our problem tracking system have been fixed,
and several other non-reported problems have also been found and fixed.
See the CHANGES-1.5.3 file for the complete list.
Additionally, a few more bugs have been fixed.
See the CHANGES-1.5.2 file for the complete list of changes.
In addition, many bugs have been fixed--more than 95 problems
reported through our problem tracking system have been fixed,
and some other non-reported problems have also been found and fixed.
See the CHANGES-1.5.1 file for the complete list.
The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) which is used to maintain,
build, track dependencies, and maintain NetBSD-specific fixes to
third-party programs, has received a major overhaul for NetBSD 1.5.1.
Some highlights are:
Please note that at the moment,
sysinst
will not assist you in
installing pre-built third-party binary packages or the pkgsrc
system itself, so you will have to manually install packages using
pkg_install
or fetch and extract the pkgsrc.tgz tar file to get started.
Lastly, it should be noted that the X11 binaries shipped in
NetBSD
1.5.3
is still based on XFree86 version 3.3.6.
Several newer graphics cards are inadequately supported
by that code base, but on the other hand support for several
older graphics cards is not available in newer XFree86 code.
NetBSD
is in the process of moving to XFree86 version 4, and is currently
maintaining both the XFree86 3.3.6 and the XFree86 version 4 code
in the
xsrc
source set, and you may at compile time pick which sources to
build and install.
To ease installation, testing and use of the XFree86 version 4
code, a binary snapshot based on XFree86
version 4.0.3 will be made available for at least the i386
architecture shortly after the release of
NetBSD
1.5.3.
The
NetBSD1.5
release
provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including
support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes,
new and updated kernel subsystems, and many userland enhancements. The
result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for
production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over one year of
development that went into the
NetBSD1.5.3
release. Some highlights include:
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems
and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look
for this trend to continue.
NetBSD1.5.3
is the sixth release for the sparc.
Some (but not all!) notable sparc-specific improvements include:
NetBSD1.5.3
on sparc is, as usual, also fully backward compatible with old
NetBSD/sparc
binaries, so you don't need to recompile all your local programs
provided you set the appropriate binary compatibility options in your
kernel configuration.
The
NetBSD
Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit
organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the
free exchange of computer software, namely the
NetBSD
Operating
System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more
smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization.
In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties
that wish to become involved in the
NetBSD
Project.
The
NetBSD
Foundation will help improve the quality of
NetBSD
by:
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our
ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
We hope to support even
more
hardware in the future, and we have a
rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve
NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the
NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources
submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the
usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
NetBSD
users, because it is for
and because of them that
NetBSD
exists.
Refer to
http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html.
The root directory of the
NetBSD1.5.3
release is organized as follows:
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
NetBSD1.5.3
has a binary distribution.
There are also
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
All the above source sets are located in the
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. They may be
unpacked into
The
The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with
cat
as follows:
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are
files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX
checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure
that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity
of the release files.
NetBSD
maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to
assure tight integration and compatibility.
These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases.
The binaries shipped with
NetBSD
1.5.3
are based on XFree86 version 3.3.6.
NetBSD
is in the process of moving to XFree86 version 4, and
the X source set actually contains source for both XFree86 3.3.6
and XFree86 4, and the ability to decide
at compile-time which one to build and install.
The X Window System binary sets distributed with
NetBSD
are:
The sparc binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz, e.g.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the files are
These are supported by the
NetBSD
sparc64 port. Refer to
http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/index.html
The minimal configuration requires 4 MB of RAM and ~60 MB of disk space.
To install the entire system requires much more disk space, and to run
X or compile the system, more RAM is recommended, as
NetBSD
with 4 MB of RAM feels like
Solaris
with 4 MB of RAM - slow.
Note that until you have around 16 MB of RAM, getting more RAM is more
important than getting a faster CPU.
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
depend upon which installation medium you choose.
The steps for the various media are outlined below.
Proceed to the instruction on installation.
Format all of the floppies with
MS-DOS.
Do
not
make any of them bootable
MS-DOS
floppies, i.e. don't use
Place all of the
Once you have the files on
MS-DOS
disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process.
If you're installing
NetBSD
from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below.
If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the
section on upgrading.
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next
step in the installation or upgrade process.
If you're installing
NetBSD
from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below.
If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to
the section on upgrading.
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server,
and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to
the machine on which you're installing or upgrading
NetBSD,
you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest
to the
NetBSD
machine.
Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the
NetBSD
machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the
information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step
in the installation or upgrade process.
If you're installing
NetBSD
from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below.
If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the
section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a
UNIX-like
system, the easiest way
to do so is probably something like:
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using; possibly
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the
next step in the installation or upgrade process.
If you're installing
NetBSD
from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below.
If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section
on upgrading.
Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in
your current file system tree.
Please note that the
At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the
base
and
kern
binary distributions, and so must put the
base
and
kern
sets somewhere in your file system.
If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should
not
upgrade the
etc
distribution; it contains contains system configuration files
that you should review and update by hand.
Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in
the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system.
First, you need to stop your system from automatically booting when
powered on. Pressing the
Next, you should set your system to always use the OpenBoot PROM
(sometimes called
``new command mode'')
if it defaults to sunmon. The
NetBSD
kernel relies on some of the functionality provided by the OpenBoot PROM.
If your machine gives you a `>' prompt instead of an `ok' prompt,
type:
Next, if you are using any security features of OpenBoot PROM, you should
turn them off - NetBSD can't deal well with this.
The OpenBoot PROM 1 machines (SPARCstation/server 1, SPARCstation/server 1+,
IPC, and SLC) have an odd SCSI quirk you should be aware of.
There are three SCSI addressing schemes used by your
system: SCSI target ID (set by physical jumpers on the device), PROM
`unit'
number (set by OpenBoot PROM 1, based on its SCSI target ID), and the name
you reference within an operating system (set by the kernel, based on the PROM
`unit'
number).
Sun shipped these systems with the internal drives set to SCSI target IDs
3 and 1. The default value of the OpenBoot PROM variable
`
Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.5.3
If you are not installing your system ``from scratch'' but instead
are going to upgrade an existing system already running
NetBSD
you need to know which versions you can upgrade with
NetBSD
1.5.3.
Major Changes Between 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Some highlights are:
lpd(8)
has been fixed to deal with a security issue (SA2001-018).
ca(4)
to be replaced by
ld(4).
Drivers for the Mylex DAC960 management interface
and DPT/Adaptec I2O RAID management interface has also been added.
See
dpti(4)
and
mlxctl(8).
twe(4).
ep(4),
ex(4),
rtk(4),
sip(4),
ti(4),
tl(4),
and
wi(4).
rtk(4)
on CardBus has been added.
ne(4)
driver has been extended to support some more pcmcia cards.
pciide(4)
controllers added: HPT-370A, Acard ATP-850/860, and AMD-768.
Ultra-DMA 100 support added for CMD 0649.
emuxki(4).
esa(4).
siop(4)
driver.
sendmail(8)
has been upgraded to version 8.11.6.
Known Caveats with 1.5.3
The following are the major known issues with
NetBSD
1.5.3.
Major Changes Between 1.5.1 and 1.5.2
The main purpose of
NetBSD
1.5.2 is to fix some problems discovered shortly after the release of
NetBSD
1.5.1.
Some highlights are:
telnetd(8)
has been fixed to deal with a security issue (SA2001-012).
mount(8).
dump(8)
has been fixed to deal with a local security issue (SA2001-014).
Major Changes Between 1.5 and 1.5.1
The complete list of changes between
NetBSD
1.5 and 1.5.1 can be found in the file CHANGES-1.5.1 in the top directory
of the source tree.
The following are highlights only:
an(4).
siop(4)
driver has improved in performance and robustness.
ifconfig(8).
vlan(4).
isp(4)
driver has been upgraded to (among other things) work on MacPPC.
lfs(4)
file system has again been substantially updated, but is still
experimental.
pciide(4)
driver.
Support for Intel 82801BAM controllers has also been added, and
handling of Ali controllers has been improved.
ex(4)
driver has added support for 3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B MiniPCI Ethernet
cards.
awacs(4).
sip(4)
driver has been fixed to properly support the dp83815, as found in
current Netgear FA311 10/100 cards.
ftpd(8)
has been updated to deal with two security issues (SA2000-018 and
SA2001-005).
ntpd(8)
has been updated to deal with a security issue (SA2001-004).
telnetd(8)
has been updated to deal with a security issue (SA2000-017).
ne(4).
dhclient(8),
among other things. Please note that the new
dhcpd(8)
forces you to configure a "ddns-update-style" of either
"ad-hoc", "interim" or "none".
kerberos(8)
implementation has been upgraded to version 0.3e.
tlp(4)
driver.
yds(4).
esm(4)),
NeoMagic 256 (see
neo(4)),
and Cirrus Logic CrystalClear PCI Audio CS4281 (see
clct(4))have been added.
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.4 and 1.5 Releases
Kernel
ktruss(1).
swapctl(8).
Networking
pcap(3)
is incremented and you may need to recompile userland tools.
The KAME IPv6 part includes results from the unified-IPv6 effort.
File system
/)
on a RAID set.
rpc.lockd(8))
now works.
Security
sysctl(3)
interfaces to various elements of process and system information,
allowing programs such as
ps(1),
dmesg(1)
and the like to operate without recompilation after kernel upgrades,
and remove the necessity to run setgid kmem (thus improving system
security).
sshd(8)
and
ssh(1)
now require
rnd(4)
kernel random number devices.
System administration and user tools
rc(8)
system startup and shutdown scripts to an
`rc.d'
mechanism, with separate control scripts for each service, and
appropriate dependency ordering provided by
rcorder(8).
postfix(1)
provided as alternative mail transport agent to
sendmail(8).
useradd(8),
usermod(8),
userdel(8),
groupadd(8),
groupmod(8),
and
groupdel(8)
added to the system.
/etc/login.conf)
from
BSD/OS.
at(1)
and
w(1).
ftpd(8)
providing features found in larger and less secure FTP daemons,
such as user classes, connection limits, improved support for
virtual hosting, transfer statistics, transfer rate throttling,
and support for various IETF ftpext working group extensions.
ftp(1)
client has been improved even further, including
transfer rate throttling, improved URL support, command line uploads.
See the man page for details.
Miscellaneous
/usr/share/misc/style)
to use ANSI C only (instead of K&R) and reflect current (best) practice,
and begin migrating the
NetBSD
source code to follow it.
curses(3)
library, including support for color.
file(1),
ipfilter(4),
ppp(4),
and
sendmail(8)
to the latest stable release.
The Future of NetBSD
Sources of NetBSD
NetBSD 1.5.3 Release Contents
.../NetBSD-1.5.3/
CHANGESLAST_MINUTEMIRRORSREADME.filesTODOpatches/source/README.export-control
files sprinkled liberally throughout the
distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the
distribution that may be subject to
export regulations of the United States, e.g.
code under
src/crypto
and
src/sys/crypto.
It is your responsibility
to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions
and to act accordingly.
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the
complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets
are as follows:
22.3 MB gzipped, 98.8 MB uncompressed
7.4 MB gzipped, 73.0 MB uncompressed
3.3 MB gzipped, 13.2 MB uncompressed
24.8 MB gzipped, 123.1 MB uncompressed
config(8);
and
dbsym(8).
18.0 MB gzipped, 90.9 MB uncompressed
78.1 MB gzipped, 393.6 MB uncompressed
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
/usr/src
with the command:
#( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) < set_name.tgz
sets/Split/
subdirectory contains split
versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the
source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The
split sets are named
set_name.xx
where
set_name
is the distribution set name, and
xx
is the sequence number of the file,
starting with
``aa''
for the first file in the distribution set, then
``ab''
for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one
of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is
just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that
distribution set.)
# cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )
BSDSUMCKSUMMD5SYSVSUMNetBSD/sparc subdirectory structure
The sparc-specific portion of the
NetBSD1.5.3
release is found in the
sparc
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-1.5.3/sparc/
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/
kernel/
netbsd.GENERIC.gzsets/installation/
floppy/miniroot/misc/netboot/Binary distribution sets
The
NetBSD
sparc
binary distribution sets contain the binaries which
comprise the
NetBSD1.5.3
release for the sparc. There are eight binary distribution sets.
The binary distribution sets can be found in the
sparc/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD1.5.3
distribution tree, and are as follows:
17.5 MB gzipped, 43.7 MB uncompressed
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set). This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
14.1 MB gzipped, 51.9 MB uncompressed
/etc
and in several other places. This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
0.1 MB gzipped, 0.6 MB uncompressed
3.0 MB gzipped, 7.2 MB uncompressed
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You must
install this distribution set.
1.2 MB gzipped, 2.8 MB uncompressed
5.6 MB gzipped, 22.7 MB uncompressed
/usr/share.
2.2 MB gzipped, 7.5 MB uncompressed
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
1.3 MB gzipped, 4.4 MB uncompressed
2.8 MB gzipped, 8.2 MB uncompressed
1.8 MB gzipped, 8.3 MB uncompressed
0.2 MB gzipped, 0.6 MB uncompressed
6.2 MB gzipped, 7.5 MB uncompressed
3.3 MB gzipped, 8.5 MB uncompressed
base.tgz.
/-relative
and therefore are extracted
below
the current directory. That
is, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xpf
command from
/.
sparc/installation/misc.
NetBSD/sparc System Requirements and Supported Devices
Supported machines
(and possibly more)
(and possibly more)
Machines not supported by NetBSD/sparc
Supported devices
Unsupported devices
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
set_name.xx
files that make up the
distribution sets you want to install or upgrade.
You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies.
format /s
to format them.
(If the floppies are bootable, then the
MS-DOS
system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you
won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.)
If you're using floppies that are formatted for
MS-DOS
by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use
them out of the box.
set_name.xx
files on the
MS-DOS
disks.
204.152.184.75
(as of April, 2001).
/etc/exports
file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
# tar -cf tape_device dist_directories
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example,
dist_directories
are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
misc, base, and etc
distributions on tape (in
order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-1.5.3
# cd sparc/binary
# tar -cf tape_device misc etc kern
/dev
on the floppy used for upgrades only knows about
wd0,
wd1,
sd0,
sd1,
and
sd2.
If you have more than two IDE drives or more than three SCSI drives, you
should take care not to place the sets on the high-numbered drives.
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation
Configuring your PROM
Before you start, you should configure your PROM. There are three
categories of PROM:
``sunmon''
(sometimes called Restricted Prompt, sun monitor, or old command mode),
OpenBoot PROM 1, and OpenBoot PROM 2.
The sun4 machines only have sunmon. Some of the early sun4c models
default to sunmon but have OpenBoot PROM 1.
The later sun4c models and all sun4m models have OpenBoot PROM 2.
STOP
key (sometimes called the
L1
key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
a
key will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt. If you are using a
Tadpole SPARCbook, you press the
Pause
and
a
keys. If you are using a serial console, send a
``BREAK''
signal from your terminal (the method of sending
``BREAK''
varies from terminal to terminal).
> n
ok setenv sunmon-compat? false
ok
ok setenv security-mode none
sd-targets'
is
`31204567.'
This variable maps how the OpenBoot PROM 1 assigns
`unit'
numbers based on the SCSI target ID.
Thus the device at SCSI target ID 3 is considered
`unit'
0, and the SCSI device at target ID 0 is
`unit'
3. When you type
``boot scsi(0,0,0)'',
the OpenBoot PROM will boot from
`unit'
0 (which is SCSI target ID 3, the internal hard drive). The
SunOS
kernel is hard-wired to map
sd0
to SCSI target 3, and
sd3
to SCSI target 0.
PROM Unit#| SCSI Target | SunOS name
| 0 | 3 | sd0
| 1 | 1 | sd1
| 2 | 2 | sd2
| 3 | 0 | sd3
| 4 | 4 | st0
| 5 | 5 | st1
| 6 | 6 | cdrom
| |
The
NetBSD/sparc
There are two approaches to fixing this problem: changing the
mapping that OpenBoot PROM 1 does, and changing the
NetBSD
kernel configuration.
To get OpenBoot PROM 1 to number the SCSI
`unit'
numbers the same as the SCSI target IDs, you need to run this command:
This may, however, cause problems if you were to later attempt to use
SunOS
on this machine or if you reset the OpenBoot PROM variables.
The other approach is to use a
NetBSD
kernel that matches the PROM's odd target mapping by treating
`unit'
0 (i.e. SCSI target ID 3) as
The machines with OpenBoot PROM 2 (SPARCstation/server 2,
ELC, IPX, and all sun4m models) have s similar SCSI target mapping in the
form of a
devalias
entry. That is, the device alias
disk
is shorthand for the disk at SCSI ID 3 on the internal SCSI controller.
Normally, the
disk
device alias is what the PROM uses as the default boot device, i.e. in the
absence of a
device
argument to the
boot
command.
Note that there are also pre-configured device alias entries for
disk0,
disk1,
disk2
and
disk3,
which are in fact a one-to-one mapping to the SCSI targets
0
to
3
(all on the internal SCSI controller).
Again, it may be advantageous to use a fixed
``SCSI target''
to
``NetBSD disk unit''
mapping in your kernel configuration file (such as is done in the
To calculate the parameters for sunmon and OpenBoot PROM 1:
Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive
(first SCSI bus, target 0, lun 0, partition 1), one would use:
To boot from a CD-ROM (first SCSI bus, target 6,
lun 0, partition dynamically determined), one would use:
And, to boot from a kernel named
Now, for OpenBoot PROM 2, SCSI devices are specified by an OpenBOOT
devalias
which provides simple mnemonics for the full path to the device. Type
devalias
in OpenBoot PROM 2 to get a list of all of the available aliases.
Just the alias and partition are necessary when booting.
Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive
(OpenBoot PROM 2 assumes the internal hard drive is at target 3), one would
use:
To boot from a CD-ROM (OpenBoot PROM 2 assumes the CD-ROM is at target 6),
one would use:
And, to boot from a kernel named
The full device path specifier for OpenBoot PROM 2 depends on how OpenBoot
PROM 2 recognizes
your SCSI controller. Typically, one would use something like:
Asumming a classic partition scheme with
Most sparc systems have trouble booting if the root partition extends
beyond the first 2 GB of your disk.
If automatic detection is not available or not working properly in your
environment, you may have to specify the type connection using the
media
parameter of
Installing
NetBSD
is a relatively complex process, but if you have
this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
There are several ways to install
NetBSD
onto your system. The easiest way is to use the
For more information on the commands and variables available in
the OpenBoot PROM (present in all sun4c and sun4m machines), go to
http://docs.sun.com
and search for
``openboot reference''
(without quotes).
Loading the filesystem onto a raw partition is straightforward.
First, download
Here,
After transferring the filesystem to disk, bring the system down by:
Then boot the installer by typing the appropriate
command at the PROM prompt (this example is for the swap partition):
The monitor boot command will load the
NetBSD
kernel contained in the
filesystem image. After the initial probe messages you'll be
asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
Once you have downloaded
The CD-ROM attached to your Sparc must support 512 byte sectors to be
bootable.
All Sun brand CD-ROMs will work, as well as many other manufacturers. See
the Sun CD-ROM FAQ:
http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/
Sun sets their CD-ROM drives to SCSI ID 6. We recommend you do the same.
Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
NetBSD
and SunOS use the same commands. First, get two 1.44 MB
floppy disks and format them either using the
Be sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding;
on
NetBSD
success is a string of all
`
Next, transfer the two floppy images
(
Insert the second floppy and run the following commands:
Be sure to label your floppies so you can later identify them.
Insert the floppy made from
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the floppy
labeled
``NetBSD disk2''.
If the floppy is not automatically ejected, you can either use a
straightened paperclip to eject the disk or do the following:
Press the
Now, insert the floppy labeled
This section will briefly describe what happens during a Sparc
netboot, and the next section will give a brief set of directions on how
to set up your server. Your Sparc initially broadcasts a RARP request, and
expects a server to reply with your client's IP address.
Next, it downloads a second stage bootstrap program via TFTP from the server
that responded to the RARP request. It will look for a filename composed of
the machine's IP address followed by the machine's architecture, separated
by a period. For example, a sun4c machine which has been assigned IP
address 130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for
The boot program to use is
After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by
the PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory through
the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast
on the local net. The answer to this request should contain
the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE
request - sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request -
requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's
root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server.
Finally, this information is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT
request to the client's root filesystem server, asking for an NFS file
handle corresponding to the root filesystem. Once the NFS mount is complete,
the boot program starts reading from the remote root filesystem in search of
the kernel which is then read into memory.
Add your client to the server's
If
rarpd
is currently running, restart it (kill -HUP), otherwise start
rarpd:
Next, create
If
rpc.bootparamd
is currently running, restart it
(kill -HUP),
otherwise start
rpc.bootparamd:
Now, make sure the bootloader in
Now, you should edit
Put the following line in
If your server is currently running NFS services, you only need to
kill -HUP
the
mountd
process. Otherwise, you need to run:
Now, you need to place the files your netboot client will need.
As noted above in the section
Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation
you have several options when choosing a location to store the
distribution filesets.
However, the easiest way is to put the distribution
files into the exported directory for your client on the server.
Your client will need a kernel to boot (use
Your client will need installation tools (use
Now, netboot your Sparc from the server by entering the appropriate
boot command at the monitor prompt.
Depending on the PROM version in your machine, this command takes one
of the following forms:
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
Get the tape images
(
Now you can transfer the
NetBSD1.5.3.
distribution sets from
(
Insert the tape into your Sparc's tapestation.
Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to confirm the tape
device and tape file number containing the installation tools.
Then, proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
If you're using a terminal device connected to a serial port, choose a
terminal type appropriate for that device, e.g.
vt100
or
vt200.
Next, you will be presented with a choice of two installation methods:
a new full-screen
sysinst
program, or the traditional script-based
miniroot
program. The
sysinst
program is easier to use, but the
miniroot
program is more flexible. Both of these installation methods will follow the
same set of procedures and will fully install
NetBSD
on your Sparc.
You will frequently be asked for confirmation before the system proceeds
with each phase of the installation process.
Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
name of the disk you want to install on, partitioning information,
or IP addresses and domain names you want to assign. If your system has
more than one disk, you may want to look at the output of the
The installation script goes through the following phases:
Now try a reboot. Initially we'd suggest you
boot sd()netbsd -bs,
then try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the
NetBSD
incantation to make the root filesystem writable is
Your PROM might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load
a file called
Congratulations,
you have successfully installed
NetBSD1.5.3.
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few
things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly
configured state, with the most important ones described below.
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
and with the root file system
(
If your
If you have
Other values that need to be set in
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
Other files in
After reboot, you can log in as
Use the
If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in
Don't forget to add
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for
UNIX-like
systems
you are strongly advised to first check the
NetBSD
package system. This automatically handles any changes necessary to
make the software run on
NetBSD,
retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software
may depend, and simplifies installation (and deinstallation), both
from source and precompiled binaries.
The above commands will install the tcsh shell, the CVS source code
management system, the Apache web server and
the perl programming language as well as all the packages they
depend on.
After extracting, then see the
is likely to give you more information on these files.
The upgrade to
NetBSD1.5.3
is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult
to advance to a later version by recompiling from source due primarily
to interdependencies in the various components.
To do the upgrade, you must boot from the installer kernel using one of
the methods described above.
You must also have at least the
base
and
kern
binary distribution sets available, so that you can upgrade with them,
using one of the upgrade methods described above. Finally, you must
have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries.
Since the old binaries are being overwritten in place, you only need
space for the new binaries, which weren't previously on the system.
If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root
(
Since upgrading involves replacing the boot blocks on your
NetBSD
partition, the kernel, and most of the system binaries, it has the
potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to
back up any important data on your disk,
whether on the
NetBSD
partition or on
another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade
process.
The upgrade procedure using the
sysinst
tool is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning.
The original
After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your
machine is a complete
NetBSD1.5.3
system. However, that
doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process.
You will probably want to update the set of device
nodes you have in
You must also deal with certain changes in the formats of
some of the configuration files. The most notable change is
that the options given to many of the file systems in
Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part
of the version of
NetBSD
that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the
NetBSD
distribution.
NetBSD/sparc
has switched its executable format from the old a.out format
to ELF, the now more commonly used and supported format. Your old
binaries will continue to work just fine. The installation procedure
will try to take the necessary steps to accomplish this. The most
important step is to move the old a.out shared libraries in
If you already had a
Users upgrading from previous versions of
NetBSD
may wish to bear the
following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
NetBSD1.5.3.
Prior to
NetBSD1.5,
At system startup,
At system shutdown,
Local and third-party scripts may be installed into
Previous releases of
NetBSD
disabled a feature of
Due to
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set. Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man
command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
started by entering
man[ section]
topic.
The brackets
[]
around the
section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after
logging in, enter
to read the documentation for
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
apropos subject-word
where
subject-word
is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input.
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
server at
majordomo@netbsd.org.
To get help on using the mailing
list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will
reply with instructions.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
questions about this release. Please send comments to:
netbsd-comments@netbsd.org.
To report bugs, use the
Use of
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
each port of
NetBSD.
Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
http://www.netbsd.org/MailingLists/.
If
you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
port, you probably should contact the
`owner'
of that port (listed
below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
netbsd-help@netbsd.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up
for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if
you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data
to those who want it.
for their ongoing work on
BSD
systems, support, and encouragement.
for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work
they've done.
(in alphabetical order)
GENERIC
kernel does not wire things down as does
SunOS.
It names the disks in the order
that the SCSI targets are probed (01234567). If you only have one disk,
it is always
sd0
regardless of its SCSI target ID or its PROM
`unit'
number, and there are no problems. If you have two disks, one at
SCSI ID 2 (
`unit'
2) and SCSI ID 3 (
`unit'
0), then they are recognized as
sd0
and
sd1
respectively. This can be a problem if you are not
aware of it, particularly when creating an fstab.
ok setenv sd-targets 01234567
sd0
and
`unit'
3 (i.e. SCSI target ID 0) as
sd3.
The
GENERIC_SCSI3
kernel performs this target mapping, but the
GENERIC
and
INSTALL
kernels do not.
GENERIC_SCSI3
kernel) to ensure that your disks remain showing up at the same
NetBSD
device unit numbers even if you add disks to your system at a later time.
Determining how to access your SCSI disk from the PROM
sunmon and OpenBoot PROM 1 use an archaic
sd(c,u,p)
syntax to address SCSI devices. OpenBoot PROM 2 uses a more intuitive
syntax using device aliases.
1' = `b',
etc.
(`0' = `a',)
ok boot sd(0,0,1)
ok boot sd(0,30,)
netbsd-GENERIC
on the fourth partition (
`d',
often the
/usr
partition) on an external hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 2, lun 0,
partition 3), one would use:
ok boot sd(0,10,3)netbsd-GENERIC
ok boot disk:b
ok boot cdrom
netbsd-GENERIC
on the fourth partition (
`d',
often the
/usr
partition) on an external hard drive (target 2, partition 3), one would use:
ok boot disk2:d netbsd-GENERIC
/sbus/esp/sd@t,p
where t is the SCSI target and p is the partition number.
Deciding on partition sizes
If you're installing
NetBSD/sparc
for the first time it's a good idea
to look at the partition sizes of disk you intend installing NetBSD on.
/
(root) and
/usr
filesystems, a comfortable size for the NetBSD root filesystem partition is
about 20 MB; a good initial size for the swap partition is twice the amount
of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
SunOS 4.x,
there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render
part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation takes about 60 MB
in
/usr.
Configuration of network interfaces
Some network devices (i.e. the built-in
le
interface on sun4m machines)
allow a choice between operating on a UTP or a AUI port. The
le
driver supports automatic detection of the port which is actually connected to
the wire. Additionally, some of the Fast ethernet devices (such as
be,
hme,
qec,
and
qfe)
support selection of various speeds and options.
The default is to attempt to automatically detect the speed.
ifconfig(8).
During installation, you'll get the opportunity to specify the appropriate
medium. Use
10base5
or
AUI
to select the AUI connector, or
10baseT
or
UTP
to select the UTP connector.
Fast ethernet interfaces default to
auto,
which usually does not detect properly and runs at
`10BaseT'
speed.
The options are
10baseT,
10baseTX,
and
auto.
The
hme
and
qfe
interfaces also allow
10baseT-FDX
and
100baseT-FDX.
Installing the NetBSD System
miniroot.fs
image copied to your local disk's swap partition or a scratch drive.
If your Sparc is hooked up in a network, you may configure another
UNIX-like
machine as a netboot server for your Sparc. Alternatively, there is a pair
of floppy images that will boot your system and run the installer.
Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable filesystem on a partitioned hard drive
installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz
is a compressed, self-contained
NetBSD
filesystem holding all utilities necessary to install
NetBSD
onto a disk attached to your system. It is distributed as a compressed plain
file you will transfer to a raw disk partition. You will then boot
this installer using the appropriate PROM command. The simplest case is
where you place the
miniroot.fs
filesystem on the swap partition of your disk. Alternatively, you can place
it on any other unused partition on any disk (such as a Zip disk). Be
forewarned that you will not be able to install
NetBSD
onto the partition that contains the
miniroot.fs
as this partition is needed during the install process.
miniroot.fs
to your system. Next, reboot in single-user mode (i.e.
boot -s)
to ensure that your system will not be swapping.
Finally, place the
miniroot.fs
on your partition of choice. On
NetBSD
or SunOS the commands are:
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k conv=sync
/dev/rsd0b
is assumed to be your swap partition. If you decide to
place
miniroot.fs
on a non-swap partition, it will overwrite all of the contents of that
partition, but you will not need to reboot into single-user mode to write it.
# halt
> b sd(,,1)netbsd -s
ok boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s
ok boot disk:b netbsd -s
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM
If you wish to burn a CD-R containing a bootable NetBSD installation,
then you can either burn the prepared disk image in
installation/cdrom/netbsd-sparc.iso
or create your own.
If you wish to create your own, you should follow the directions on the
NetBSD
Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO at:
http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/bootcd.html#sparcimage
netbsd-sparc.iso
or created your own disk image, then you need to burn it to a CD-R.
> b sd(,30,)
ok boot sd(,30,)
ok boot cdrom
Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies
The
NetBSD
install floppies only work on the sun4c and sun4m machines.
Making the install floppies is fairly straightforward.
fdformat(8)
command or a PC.
# fdformat
V 's',
and on
SunOS
success is a string of
`. 's'.
installation/floppy/disk1.gz and installation/floppy/disk2)
to the disks you just formatted.
You can do this step from
NetBSD,
SunOS,
or a
Windows
machine using
rawrite.exe
(available in the NetBSD/i386 distribution).
Insert the first floppy and run the following commands:
# gunzip disk1.gz
# dd if=disk1 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k
# eject floppy
# dd if=disk2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k conv=sync
# eject floppy
disk1
into your Sparc.
From the OpenBoot prompt, boot the floppy with the following command:
ok boot fd(,,1)
ok boot /fd
ok boot floppy
STOP
key (sometimes called the
L1
key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
a
key, which will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt.
ok eject
ok go
disk2.
After the installation tools have been loaded,
you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure.
Proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup
First, you must setup a netboot server to provide the services and files
your client needs. If you are using a
NetBSD
system as the netboot server, have a look at the
diskless(8)
manual page for a more detailed guide on how to proceed with this.
If the server runs another operating system, you should consult the
NetBSD
Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
configure a netboot server on a variety of platforms.
http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
8273900B.SUN4C.
This file is a symbolic link to the second-stage
boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon
can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment).
installation/netboot/boot.net
Alternatively, you can find the bootstrap program in
/usr/mdec/boot.net
in the
NetBSD/sparc
distribution.
/usr/mdec/boot.net
and
/usr/mdec/boot
is in the a.out header, which has been magically transformed in a way that
makes it usable on all versions of Sparc PROMs.
Configuring your netboot server
Follow this section to configure a
NetBSD
machine as your netboot server. We will use
`CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
machine that you wish to install
NetBSD
on. We use
`192.168.1.10'
as the IP address of your client, and
`client.test.net'
as the name. The server name is
`server.test.net',
and the path on the server to the NFS exported directory is
/export/client/root
although you may choose to use a different path. Create an
/etc/ethers
file with the following line:
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC client
/etc/hosts
file:
192.168.1.10 client
# /usr/sbin/rarpd -a
/etc/bootparams
with the following line:
client root=server:/export/client/root
# /usr/sbin/rpc.bootparamd
/tftpboot
is linked to, or a copy of,
boot.net
and is named appropriately for your client
(in this case, it would be
C0A8010A.SUN4C),
E.g.:
# cp boot.net /tftpboot
# cd /tftpboot
# ln -s boot.net C0A8010A.SUN4C
/etc/inetd.conf
and make sure that the line starting with
tftp
is uncommented. You will need to
kill -HUP
the
inetd
process to enable tftp if this line was previously commented out.
The next step is to set up NFS exports. Create the directory you are
exporting for the netboot client:
# mkdir -p /export/client/root
/etc/exports
to enable NFS sharing:
/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net
# /usr/sbin/mountd
# /usr/sbin/nfsd -tun 4
# mv *.tgz /export/client/root
binary/kernel/netbsd.GENERIC.gz).
# gunzip netbsd.GENERIC.gz
# mv netbsd.GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd
installation/netboot/rootfs.tgz).
# gunzip < rootfs.tgz | (cd /export/client/root && tar -xpf -)
> b le()netbsd
ok b le()netbsd
ok b net netbsd
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable tape
Sun sets their tape drives to SCSI ID 4. We recommend you do the same.
installation/tape/tapefile1.gz and installation/tape/tapefile2)
and transfer them to a tape. Make sure you use the
`no rewind scsi tape'
device. Run the following commands:
# gunzip tapefile1.gz
# mt -f /dev/nrst0 rew
# dd if=tapefile1 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
# dd if=tapefile2 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
binary/sets)
to the tape by using a series of additional
# dd if=<aset>.tgz of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
commands. See also the section
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media.
Be sure to mark the location of these files on the tape; you'll need them
during the installation procedure.
> b st()
ok boot st()
ok boot tape
Running the installation scripts
The first thing that the installation scripts will inquire about is the
type of console you're using on your machine. If you're using a Sun
frame buffer display, choose the terminal type
sun
(this is presented as the default).
dmesg(8)
command to see how your disks have been identified by the kernel.
# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
vmunix.
On OpenBoot PROM systems you can change it to load
netbsd
instead using the following commands:
ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
ok setenv boot-file netbsd
ok setenv boot-device disk:a
Post installation steps
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
usually will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
/)
mounted read-write. When the system
asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
sun
for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial
console (some systems display garbage with a
sun
terminal type, you may need to use
sun-ss5)
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory. You will need to mount your root filesystem read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
/usr
directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use
ed,
you will have to mount your
/usr
partition to gain access to
ex
or
vi.
Do the following:
# mount /usr
# export TERM=sun
/var
on a separate partition, you need to repeat
that step for it. After that, you can edit
/etc/rc.conf
with
vi(1).
When you have finished, type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname and possibly
defaultroute,
furthermore add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_le0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
/etc
that may require modification or setting up include
/etc/mailer.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf,
and
/etc/wscons.conf.
root
at the login prompt. Unless you've set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password. If you're using the machine in a
networked environment, you should create an account for yourself
(see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
you can just press
RETURN
when it prompts for
Terminal type? [...].
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system,
do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly. See
useradd(8)
for more information on how to add a new user to the system.
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc
for information.
/usr/X11R6/bin
to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.
1.5.3/sparc/All
subdir. You can install them with the following commands:
# export PKG_PATH=\
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/1.5.3/sparc/All\;\
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/1.5/sparc/All
# pkg_add -v tcsh
# pkg_add -v cvs
# pkg_add -v apache
# pkg_add -v perl
...
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine), with the commands:
# mkdir /usr/pkgsrc
#( cd /usr/pkgsrc ; tar -zxpf - ) < pkgsrc.tar.gz
README
file in the extraction directory (e.g.
/usr/pkgsrc/README)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
file will almost definitely need to be adjusted;
files aiding in this can be found in
/usr/share/sendmail.
See the
README
file there for more information.
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
/)
and
/usr
partitions, you should have enough space.
/etc
directory is renamed to
/etc.old,
and no attempt is made to merge any of the previous configuration into
the new system except that the previous
/etc/fstab
file is copied into the new configuration.
Getting the binary
sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure;
refer to the installation part of the document
for how to do this. Also, some sanity checks are done, i.e.
file systems are checked before unpacking the sets.
/dev.
If you've changed the contents of
/dev
by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if
not, you can just cd into
/dev,
and run the command:
# sh MAKEDEV all
/etc/fstab
have changed, and some of the file
systems have changed names. To find out what the new options
are, it's suggested that you read the manual page
for the file system's mount commands, for example
mount_nfs(8)
for NFS.
/usr/lib
and
/usr/X11R6/lib
(if X was installed) to
/emul/aout,
where they will be automatically found if an older a.out binary
is executed. Sysinst will use an existing
/emul
and / or
/emul/aout
directory if available, and will create it (as a symbolic link to
/usr/aout)
if necessary.
/emul
directory, or a symbolic link by that name, sysinst should rename it
and tell you about it.
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases
General issues
/etc/rc
modified to use
/etc/rc.d/*
/etc/rc
was a traditional
BSD
style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from
/etc/rc
and
/etc/netstart
has been moved into separate scripts in
/etc/rc.d/.
/etc/rc
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
and then executes each script in turn with an argument of
`start'.
Many
rc.d
scripts won't start unless the appropriate
rc.conf(5)
entry in
/etc/rc.conf
is set to
`YES.'
/etc/rc.shutdown
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
that have a
``KEYWORD: shutdown''
line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn
with an argument of
`stop'.
The following scripts support a specific shutdown method:
cron,
inetd,
local,
and
xdm.
/etc/rc.d
as necessary.
Refer to the other scripts in that directory and
rc(8)
for more information on implementing
rc.d
scripts.
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior
named(8)
leaks version information
named(8)
where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients.
This feature has not been disabled in
NetBSD1.5,
because there is a
named.conf(5)
option to change the version string:
option {
version "newstring";
};
sysctl(8)
pathname changed
sysctl(8)
is moved from
/usr/sbin/sysctl
to
/sbin/sysctl.
If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname
(in shell scripts, for example)
please be sure to update those.
sendmail(8)
configuration file pathname changed
sendmail(8)
upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x,
/etc/sendmail.cf
is moved to
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf.
Also, the default
sendmail.cf(5)
refers different pathnames than before.
For example,
/etc/aliases
is now located at
/etc/mail/aliases,
/etc/sendmail.cw
is now called
/etc/mail/local-host-names,
and so forth.
If you have customized
sendmail.cf(5)
and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations.
See
/usr/share/sendmail/README
for more information.
Using online NetBSD documentation
name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropros(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
# man passwd
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
Administrivia
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good
bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can
be sent by mail to:
netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org.
send-pr(1)
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
NetBSD
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
Thanks go to
Keith Bostic
Ralph Campbell
Mike Karels
Marshall Kirk McKusick
Mike Hibler
Rick Macklem
Jan-Simon Pendry
Chris Torek
Steve Allen
Jason Birnschein
Mason Loring Bliss
Jason Brazile
Mark Brinicombe
David Brownlee
Simon Burge
Dave Burgess
Ralph Campbell
Brian Carlstrom
James Chacon
Bill Coldwell
Charles Conn
Tom Coulter
Charles D. Cranor
Christopher G. Demetriou
Scott Ellis
Hubert Feyrer
Castor Fu
Greg Gingerich
William Gnadt
Michael Graff
Guenther Grau
Ross Harvey
Charles M. Hannum
Michael L. Hitch
Kenneth Alan Hornstein
Jordan K. Hubbard
Søren Jørvang
Scott Kaplan
Noah M. Keiserman
Harald Koerfgen
John Kohl
Chris Legrow
Ted Lemon
Norman R. McBride
Neil J. McRae
Perry E. Metzger
Toru Nishimura
Herb Peyerl
Mike Price
Dave Rand
Michael Richardson
Heiko W. Rupp
Brad Salai
Chuck Silvers
Thor Lancelot Simon
Bill Sommerfeld
Paul Southworth
Eric and Rosemary Spahr
Ted Spradley
Kimmo Suominen
Jason R. Thorpe
Steve Wadlow
Krister Walfridsson
Jim Wise
Reinoud Zandijk
Christos Zoulas
(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were
not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be
listed.)
AboveNet Communications, Inc.
Advanced System Products, Inc.
Avalon Computer Systems
Bay Area Internet Solutions
Brains Corporation, Japan
Canada Connect Corporation
Co-operative Research Centre for Enterprise Distributed Systems Technology
Demon Internet, UK
Digital Equipment Corporation
Distributed Processing Technology
Easynet, UK
Free Hardware Foundation
Innovation Development Enterprises of America
Internet Software Consortium
MS Macro System GmbH, Germany
Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center
Piermont Information Systems Inc.
Precedence Technologies Ltd
Salient Systems Inc.
VMC Harald Frank, Germany
Warped Communications, Inc.
Whitecross Database Systems Ltd.
We are...
| The NetBSD core group: | ||||||||
| Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino | itojun@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Frank van der Linden | fvdl@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Luke Mewburn | lukem@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Christos Zoulas | christos@netbsd.org | |||||||
|
| ||||||||
| The portmasters (and their ports): | ||||||||
| Mark Brinicombe | mark@netbsd.org | arm32 | ||||||
| Simon Burge | simonb@netbsd.org | pmax | ||||||
| Jeremy Cooper | jeremy@netbsd.org | sun3x | ||||||
| Matt Fredette | fredette@netbsd.org | sun2 | ||||||
| Ross Harvey | ross@netbsd.org | alpha | ||||||
| Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino | itojun@netbsd.org | sh3 | ||||||
| Ben Harris | bjh21@netbsd.org | arm26 | ||||||
| Eduardo Horvath | eeh@netbsd.org | sparc64 | ||||||
| Darrin Jewell | dbj@netbsd.org | next68k | ||||||
| Søren Jørvang | soren@netbsd.org | cobalt | ||||||
| Søren Jørvang | soren@netbsd.org | sgimips | ||||||
| Wayne Knowles | wdk@netbsd.org | mipsco | ||||||
| Paul Kranenburg | pk@netbsd.org | sparc | ||||||
| Anders Magnusson | ragge@netbsd.org | vax | ||||||
| Minoura Makoto | minoura@netbsd.org | x68k | ||||||
| Phil Nelson | phil@netbsd.org | pc532 | ||||||
| Tohru Nishimura | nisimura@netbsd.org | luna68k | ||||||
| NONAKA Kimihiro | nonaka@netbsd.org | prep | ||||||
| Scott Reynolds | scottr@netbsd.org | mac68k | ||||||
| Kazuki Sakamoto | sakamoto@netbsd.org | bebox | ||||||
| Noriyuki Soda | soda@netbsd.org | arc | ||||||
| Wolfgang Solfrank | ws@netbsd.org | ofppc | ||||||
| Ignatios Souvatzis | is@netbsd.org | amiga | ||||||
| Jonathan Stone | jonathan@netbsd.org | pmax | ||||||
| Shin Takemura | takemura@netbsd.org | hpcmips | ||||||
| Jason Thorpe | thorpej@netbsd.org | alpha | ||||||
| Jason Thorpe | thorpej@netbsd.org | hp300 | ||||||
| Tsubai Masanari | tsubai@netbsd.org | macppc | ||||||
| Tsubai Masanari | tsubai@netbsd.org | newsmips | ||||||
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui@netbsd.org | news68k | ||||||
| Frank van der Linden | fvdl@netbsd.org | i386 | ||||||
| Leo Weppelman | leo@netbsd.org | atari | ||||||
| Nathan Williams | nathanw@netbsd.org | sun3 | ||||||
| Steve Woodford | scw@netbsd.org | mvme68k | ||||||
|
| ||||||||
| The NetBSD 1.5.3 Release Engineering team: | ||||||||
| Chris G. Demetriou | cgd@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Håvard Eidnes | he@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ted Lemon | mellon@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Perry Metzger | perry@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Curt Sampson | cjs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jason Thorpe | thorpej@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Todd Vierling | tv@netbsd.org | |||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Developers and other contributors: | ||||||||
| Nathan Ahlstrom | nra@NetBSD.org | |||||||
| Steve Allen | wormey@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Julian Assange | proff@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Lennart Augustsson | augustss@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Christoph Badura | bad@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bang Jun-Young | junyoung@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dieter Baron | dillo@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Robert V. Baron | rvb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jason Beegan | jtb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Erik Berls | cyber@netbsd.org | |||||||
| John Birrell | jb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Mason Loring Bliss | mason@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Rafal Boni | rafal@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Manuel Bouyer | bouyer@netbsd.org | |||||||
| John Brezak | brezak@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Allen Briggs | briggs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Aaron Brown | abrown@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Andrew Brown | atatat@netbsd.org | |||||||
| David Brownlee | abs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Frederick Bruckman | fredb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jon Buller | jonb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dave Burgess | burgess@cynjut.infonet.net | |||||||
| Robert Byrnes | byrnes@netbsd.org | |||||||
| D'Arcy J.M. Cain | darcy@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dave Carrel | carrel@netbsd.org | |||||||
| James Chacon | jmc@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bill Coldwell | billc@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Julian Coleman | jdc@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chuck Cranor | chuck@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Alistair Crooks | agc@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Aidan Cully | aidan@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Johan Danielsson | joda@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matt DeBergalis | deberg@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Rob Deker | deker@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chris G. Demetriou | cgd@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tracy Di Marco White | gendalia@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jaromír Dolecek | jdolecek@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Andy Doran | ad@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Roland Dowdeswell | elric@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Emmanuel Dreyfus | manu@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matthias Drochner | drochner@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jun Ebihara | jun@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Håvard Eidnes | he@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Stoned Elipot | seb@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Enami Tsugutomo | enami@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bernd Ernesti | veego@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Erik Fair | fair@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Hubert Feyrer | hubertf@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jason R. Fink | jrf@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Thorsten Frueauf | frueauf@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Castor Fu | castor@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ichiro Fukuhara | ichiro@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Brian R. Gaeke | brg@dgate.org | |||||||
| Thomas Gerner | thomas@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Simon J. Gerraty | sjg@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Justin Gibbs | gibbs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Adam Glass | glass@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Michael Graff | explorer@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Brad Grantham | grantham@tenon.com | |||||||
| Brian C. Grayson | bgrayson@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matthew Green | mrg@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Juergen Hannken-Illjes | hannken@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Charles M. Hannum | mycroft@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Eric Haszlakiewicz | erh@netbsd.org | |||||||
| John Hawkinson | jhawk@netbsd.org | |||||||
| HAYAKAWA Koichi | haya@netbsd.org | |||||||
| René Hexel | rh@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Michael L. Hitch | mhitch@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Christian E. Hopps | chopps@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ken Hornstein | kenh@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Marc Horowitz | marc@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Nick Hudson | skrll@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Martin Husemann | martin@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dean Huxley | dean@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bernardo Innocenti | bernie@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tetsuya Isaki | isaki@netbsd.org | |||||||
| ITOH Yasufumi | itohy@netbsd.org | |||||||
| IWAMOTO Toshihiro | toshii@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matthew Jacob | mjacob@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj | lonhyn@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chris Jones | cjones@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Takahiro Kambe | taca@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Antti Kantee | pooka@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Masanori Kanaoka | kanaoka@netbsd.org | |||||||
| KAWAMOTO Yosihisa | kawamoto@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Mario Kemper | magick@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Lawrence Kesteloot | kesteloo@cs.unc.edu | |||||||
| Thomas Klausner | wiz@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Klaus Klein | kleink@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Wayne Knowles | wdk@netbsd.org | |||||||
| John Kohl | jtk@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Martti Kuparinen | martti@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Kevin Lahey | kml@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Johnny C. Lam | jlam@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Martin J. Laubach | mjl@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ted Lemon | mellon@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Joel Lindholm | joel@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Mike Long | mikel@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Warner Losh | imp@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tomasz Luchowski | zuntum@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Federico Lupi | federico@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Brett Lymn | blymn@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Paul Mackerras | paulus@netbsd.org | |||||||
| MAEKAWA Masahide | gehenna@netbsd.org | |||||||
| David Maxwell | david@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dan McMahill | dmcmahill@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Gregory McGarry | gmcgarry@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jared D. McNeill | jmcneill@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Neil J. McRae | neil@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Perry Metzger | perry@netbsd.org | |||||||
| der Mouse | mouse@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Joseph Myers | jsm@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ken Nakata | kenn@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bob Nestor | rnestor@netbsd.org | |||||||
| NISHIMURA Takeshi | nsmrtks@netbsd.org | |||||||
| NONAKA Kimihiro | nonaka@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jesse Off | joff@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tatoku Ogaito | tacha@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Masaru Oki | oki@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Atsushi Onoe | onoe@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Greg Oster | oster@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Herb Peyerl | hpeyerl@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matthias Pfaller | matthias@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chris Pinnock | cjep@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dante Profeta | dante@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chris Provenzano | proven@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Michael Rauch | mrauch@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Waldi Ravens | waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net | |||||||
| Darren Reed | darrenr@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Michael Richardson | mcr@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tim Rightnour | garbled@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Gordon Ross | gwr@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Heiko W. Rupp | hwr@netbsd.org | |||||||
| SAITOH Masanobu | msaitoh@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Curt Sampson | cjs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Wilfredo Sanchez | wsanchez@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Ty Sarna | tsarna@netbsd.org | |||||||
| SATO Kazumi | sato@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matthias Scheler | tron@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Karl Schilke (rAT) | rat@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Konrad Schroder | perseant@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Reed Shadgett | dent@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Tim Shepard | shep@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Takao Shinohara | shin@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Takuya SHIOZAKI | tshiozak@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Chuck Silvers | chs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Thor Lancelot Simon | tls@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jeff Smith | jeffs@netbsd.org | |||||||
| SOMEYA Yoshihiko | someya@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bill Sommerfeld | sommerfeld@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bill Squier | groo@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Bill Studenmund | wrstuden@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Kevin Sullivan | sullivan@netbsd.org | |||||||
| SUNAGAWA Keiki | kei@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Kimmo Suominen | kim@netbsd.org | |||||||
| TAMURA Kent | kent@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Shin'ichiro TAYA | taya@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Matt Thomas | matt@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Christoph Toshok | toshok@netbsd.org | |||||||
| UCHIYAMA Yasushi | uch@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Shuichiro URATA | ur@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Todd Vierling | tv@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Aymeric Vincent | aymeric@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Paul Vixie | vixie@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Krister Walfridsson | kristerw@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Lex Wennmacher | wennmach@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Assar Westerlund | assar@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Todd Whitesel | toddpw@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Rob Windsor | windsor@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Dan Winship | danw@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Jim Wise | jwise@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Michael Wolfson | mbw@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Colin Wood | ender@netbsd.org | |||||||
| YAMAMOTO Takashi | yamt@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Yuji Yamano | yyamano@netbsd.org | |||||||
| Reinoud Zandijk | reinoud@netbsd.org | |||||||
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and
its contributors.
This product includes software developed by the Computer
Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles M. Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.
This product includes software developed by Alistair G. Crooks.
This product includes software developed by Amancio Hasty and Roger Hardiman.
This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor
and Washington University.
This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor.
This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum,
by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College
and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the
University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Chris Provenzano.
This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.
This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.
This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross.
This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.
This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.
This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.
This product includes software developed by Gardner Buchanan.
This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross.
This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross and Leo Weppelman.
This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross.
This product includes software developed by Hauke Fath.
This product includes software developed by HAYAKAWA Koichi.
This product includes software developed by
Hellmuth Michaelis and Joerg Wunsch.
This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.
This product includes software developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore
for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems.
This product includes software developed by Hubert Feyrer for
the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Iain Hibbert.
This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.
This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe
for And Communications, http://www.and.com/.
This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes.
This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl
for The NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by John Polstra.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.
This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield.
This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.
This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman.
This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.
This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer.
This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz.
This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.
This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe.
This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.
This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann
and Wolfgang Solfrank.
This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson
and Charles D. Cranor.
This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson.
This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller.
This product includes software developed by Michael L. Hitch.
This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.
This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.
This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson.
This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes.
This product includes software developed by Roland C. Dowdeswell.
This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann.
This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.
This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert.
This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert.
This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt
and John Brezak.
This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt.
This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc.
This product includes software developed by the Center for
Software Science at the University of Utah.
This product includes software developed by the Computer
Systems Laboratory at the University of Utah.
This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary
Department of Computer Science and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont
and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman.
This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project.
This product includes software developed for the Internet
Software Consortium by Ted Lemon.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Frank van der Linden.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Jason R. Thorpe.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by John M. Vinopal.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Matthias Drochner.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Matthieu Herrb.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Perry E. Metzger.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Piermont Information Systems Inc.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Ted Lemon.
This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation
and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for
the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist,
C Stone and Job de Haas.
This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@mincom.oz.au).
This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).
This product includes software developed by the University of Oregon.
This product includes software developed by the University of Southern
California and/or Information Sciences Institute.
This product includes software developed by Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
This product includes software developed by Reinoud Zandijk.
This product includes software developed by the Alice Group.
This product includes software developed by David Miller.