INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL - Installation procedure for NetBSD/evbarm. CCOONNTTEENNTTSS About this Document............................................2 Dedication.....................................................2 What is NetBSD?................................................2 Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6.2...................................2 Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6.1 and 1.6.2 Releases............3 Kernel......................................................3 Networking..................................................4 Security....................................................4 System administration and user tools........................4 Miscellaneous...............................................4 evbarm specific.............................................4 Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6 and 1.6.1 Releases..............5 Kernel......................................................5 Networking..................................................5 File system.................................................6 Security....................................................6 System administration and user tools........................6 Miscellaneous...............................................6 Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases................7 Kernel......................................................7 Networking..................................................8 File system.................................................8 Security....................................................9 System administration and user tools........................9 Miscellaneous...............................................9 The Future of NetBSD..........................................10 Sources of NetBSD.............................................11 NetBSD 1.6.2 Release Contents.................................11 NetBSD/evbarm subdirectory structure.......................13 Binary distribution sets...................................13 NetBSD/evbarm System Requirements and Supported Devices.......15 Supported devices (ARM, Ltd. Integrator)...................15 PrimeCell PL030 Real Time Clock.........................15 Serial ports............................................15 SCSI host adapters......................................15 Ethernet adapters.......................................15 Supported devices (Intel IQ80310)..........................15 Serial ports............................................15 Ethernet adapters.......................................15 i80312 Companion I/O functions..........................15 Supported devices (Intel IQ80321)..........................15 Serial ports............................................15 Ethernet adapters.......................................15 i80321 I/O Processor functions..........................15 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................15 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................18 Preparation for the Intel IQ80310..........................18 Preparation for the Intel IQ80321..........................20 Installing the NetBSD System..................................22 Installation for the Intel IQ80310.........................22 Installation for the Intel IQ80321.........................23 Post installation steps.......................................24 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................27 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............27 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5................27 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior.......28 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................28 Administrivia.................................................29 Thanks go to..................................................29 We are........................................................32 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................36 The End.......................................................38 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 1.6.2 on the _e_v_b_a_r_m platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _._e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t: _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard Internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally pre- sented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. DDeeddiiccaattiioonn The NetBSD Foundation would like to dedicate the NetBSD 1.6.2 release to the memory of Erik Reid, who went missing and is presumed dead in a sail- ing accident on 18 February 2004. Erik's contributions to NetBSD includ- ed work on support for SGI MIPS R4000, integrating XFree86 Direct Render- ing Interface (DRI), and managing the build lab. His death came as a shock, and he will be greatly missed by all of us. May he rest in peace. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net- working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across eleven distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 1.6.2 release contains complete bi- nary releases for thirty eight different system architectures. (The fif- teen remaining are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist. UUppggrraaddee ppaatthh ttoo NNeettBBSSDD 11..66..22 If you are not installing your system ``from scratch'' but instead are going to upgrade an existing system already running NetBSD you need to know which versions you can upgrade with NetBSD 1.6.2. NetBSD 1.6.2 is an upgrade of NetBSD 1.6.1 and earlier major and patch releases of NetBSD. The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from _a_f_t_e_r the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated by ver- sion identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc. These identifiers do not des- ignate releases, but indicate major changes in internal kernel APIs. Note that the kernel from NetBSD 1.6 can _n_o_t be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development versions. Trying to use the NetBSD 1.6 kernel on such a system _w_i_l_l probably result in problems. Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version'' com- parison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent in 1.6. The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository. The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started, and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development trunk. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 11..66..11 aanndd 11..66..22 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 1.6.2 release provides numerous significant functional en- hancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hun- dreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable op- erating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize over nine months of development that went into the NetBSD 1.6.2 release. Some highlights include: _K_e_r_n_e_l ++oo With pciide(4), make Promise controllers do DMA with large disks re- quiring 48-bit LBA drives. ++oo Add error detection when running low on swap, to improve stability in low-memory situations. ++oo Support for more SiS controllers were added to pciide(4). ++oo Support for the new PowerBook G4 12-inch added. ++oo mlx(4) stability improved. ++oo Support for ICH5 added to pciide(4). ++oo A long-standing stability problem with the original Sun4c sparc sys- tems (SS1, SS1+, and IPC) has been found and fixed. Some optimiza- tions done for these systems as well. ++oo Sun3, Sun3x, and Sun2 may now boot from tape files, through addition of seek support for tape files. ++oo The USERCONF option has been added to the i386 kernels; see userconf(4) for more information. ++oo Hardware random number generator support for Intel 865 and 875P chipsets added. ++oo Fix wdc(4) to work with pre-ATA drives. ++oo Shared libraries and other files mapped executable now count as TEXT pages for vm-usage purposes. This should allow for more appropriate handling of these pages compared to other normal file buffer pages. ++oo General support for multi-function pcmcia cards has been fixed. ++oo Various fixes to linux emulation have been added. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo rtk(4) multicast problem fixed. ++oo fxp(4) support yet a few more chip variants. ++oo tulip(4) driver fixed so that the DEC Alpha PWS no longer panics. ++oo Path MTU discovery black-hole detection has been added. ++oo bce(4) driver added for Broadcom BCM4401 chipset, as seen in recent Dell laptops. ++oo A workaround has been added for a race condition in the networking code which could corrupt the callout data structure. ++oo Various networking stack fixes for IPv4, IPv6 and IPSEC. _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-018 DNS negative cache poisoning ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-017 OpenSSL multiple vulnerability ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-016 Sendmail - another prescan() bug CAN-2003-0694 ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-015 Remote and local vulnerabilities in XFree86 font libraries ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-014 Insufficient argument checking in sysctl(2) ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-012 Out of bounds memset(0) in sshd ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-011 off-by-one error in realpath(3) ++oo NetBSD-SA2003-010 remote panic in OSI networking code _S_y_s_t_e_m _a_d_m_i_n_i_s_t_r_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _u_s_e_r _t_o_o_l_s ++oo Possible crash in vi(1) triggered by an error was fixed. ++oo XFree86 upgraded to version 4.3.0 for those architectures which use XFree86 version 4. ++oo scsictl(8) now supports a few new commands. ++oo BIND has been upgraded to version 8.3.7. ++oo DHCP has been upgraded to version 3.0.1rc11 with various fixes. ++oo CVS has been upgraded to version 1.11.10. _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s ++oo At least one problem causing sysinst to crash has been fixed, and a progress bar has been added as an option to monitor the progress of the extraction of the install sets. ++oo Package tools upgraded to version 20030918. And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other mis- cellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue. _e_v_b_a_r_m _s_p_e_c_i_f_i_c CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 11..66 aanndd 11..66..11 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 1.6.1 release provides numerous significant functional en- hancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hun- dreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable op- erating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize over seven months of development that went into the NetBSD 1.6.1 release. Some highlights include: _K_e_r_n_e_l ++oo Hardware random number support for some Intel chipsets has been added. ++oo Support for additional Adaptec RAID controllers has been added to aac(4). ++oo A number of bugs in the VM system have been fixed. ++oo Bug fixes to audio(4), dpt(4), eap(4), emuxki(4), iop(4), siop(4) and umass(4). ++oo Some Linux compatibility bugs have been fixed. ++oo A number of USB bugs have been fixed. ++oo acorn32 and acorn26 module recognition overhauled; APDL IDE should now work. ++oo pciide(4) support has been extended to support Promise Ultra133TX2, Promise Ultra133TX2v2, HighPoint HPT372, Ultra/133 on VIA VT8233A, and the VIA VT8235. ++oo Many changes to the arm architecture support, mostly triggered by evbarm port infrastructure changes. ++oo Amiga boot handling has been modified to better handle certain ma- chine configurations. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo IPv6 fixes to various tools. ++oo Bug fixes to the tlp(4) and xi(4) drivers. ++oo Enhancements to the pcn(4) driver. ++oo rtk(4) now supports Planex FNW-3603 cardbus ethernet card. ++oo ex(4) multicast handling has been fixed. ++oo wi(4) now supports Netgear MA401RA card. ++oo wm(4) now supports more chip variants. ++oo aue(4) now supports SMC 2206USB/ETH EZ Connect adapter. ++oo sip(4) now has some Tx interrupt mitigation code, and improved sup- port for 64-bit DP83820 cards. ++oo The fxp(4) driver has been improved for better support of certain i82558 revisions, and has been fixed to recognize some more chips. ++oo IPFilter has been upgraded to version 3.4.29. Please note that this requires a synchronized upgrade of kernel and the ipf user programs to work properly. ++oo Support for Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet devices has been added by the addition of the bge(4) driver. ++oo Some IPsec bugs have been fixed (from KAME). ++oo Some ftpd(8) interoperability bugs have been fixed. ++oo mopd(8) fixes to make the program load correctly. ++oo A number of pppoe(4) bugs have been fixed. _F_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m ++oo A number of FFS and NFS bugs have been fixed. ++oo Several fixes to ffs(4) soft dependencies handling have been incorpo- rated. ++oo Some NFSv3 fixes have been applied to amd(8). ++oo Some fsck(8) bugs have been fixed. _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y ++oo BIND has been updated to 8.3.4 and security patches applied to named(8) and the libc resolver. ++oo Various security patches have been applied to sendmail. ++oo Padding has been added to minimum-sized IP packets in several ether- net drivers to prevent unintented information leakage. ++oo OpenSSL has been updated to 0.9.6g and a number of security patches applied. ++oo A potential buffer overflow in zlib has been fixed. ++oo Buffer overflow bugs in file(1) have been fixed. ++oo Some Kerberos 4 security bugs have been addressed. ++oo A umask security problem in GNU tar(1) has been fixed. _S_y_s_t_e_m _a_d_m_i_n_i_s_t_r_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _u_s_e_r _t_o_o_l_s ++oo user(8) has seen several fixes, some of them related to MD5 and blow- fish password encryption support. ++oo Changes to gcc for the arm architecture introduces a minor flag day: new and old object files can not be mixed. Required for proper soft- VFP support. ++oo MDC2 build has been made optional, as the algorithm is patended. ++oo The package tools have been updated to the 20030202 version. _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s ++oo Bug fixes to sysinst, the NetBSD installer. ++oo Various cross-build fixes have been incorporated. ++oo Various fixes to the toolchain and build process. ++oo Various fixes to the rc.d subsystem. ++oo A large number of sparc64 fixes have been applied. ++oo Timezone files have been updated to tz2002d. ++oo Many new packages have been added to The NetBSD _p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s _c_o_l_l_e_c_t_i_o_n_, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice.org, as well as a large number of bugs fixed, many addressing security is- sues. And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other mis- cellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 11..55 aanndd 11..66 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 1.6 release provides numerous significant functional enhance- ments, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhance- ments. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of develop- ment that went into the NetBSD 1.6.2 release. Some highlights include: _K_e_r_n_e_l ++oo Ports to new platforms including: algor, dreamcast, evbarm, hpcarm, hpcsh, newsmips, sandpoint, sgimips, sun2, and walnut. ++oo Unified Buffer Cache (UBC) removes size restriction of the file sys- tem's buffer cache to use all available RAM (if not otherwise used!) and improves overall system performance. ++oo Round-robin page colouring implemented for various ports for better cache utilisation, more deterministic run-time behaviour, and faster program execution. ++oo A rewritten SCSI middle layer to provide a cleaner interface between the different kernel layers, including a kernel thread to handle er- ror recovery outside of the interrupt context. See scsipi(9). ++oo A new pipe implementation with significantly higher performance due to lower overheads, which uses the UVM Page Loan facility. ++oo New boot loader flags --vv (_b_o_o_t_v_e_r_b_o_s_e) and --qq (_b_o_o_t_q_u_i_e_t), to be used by kernel code to optionally print information during boot. ++oo An in-kernel boot time device configuration manager userconf(4), ac- tivated with the --cc boot loader flag. ++oo A work-in-progress snapshot of ACPI support, based on the 20010831 snapshot of the Intel ACPICA reference implementation. ++oo USB 2.0 support, in the form of a preliminary driver for the ehci(4) host controller. ++oo Basic kernel support for IrDA in the form of the irframe(4) IrDA frame level driver. Serial dongles and the oboe(4) driver are cur- rently supported. ++oo Kernel configuration files can be embedded into the kernel for later retrieval. Refer to INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE in options(4) for more in- formation. ++oo Many more kernel tunable variables added to sysctl(8). ++oo Linux binary emulation has been greatly improved, and now supports Linux kernel version 2.4.18. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo Hardware assisted IPv4 TCP and UDP checksumming and caching of the IPv6 TCP pseudo header. Support for checksum offloading on the DP83820 Gigabit Ethernet, 3Com 3c90xB, 3Com 3c90xC, and Alteon Tigon/Tigon2 Gigabit Ethernet cards. ++oo Zero-Copy for TCP and UDP transmit path achieved through page loaning code for ssoosseenndd(). ++oo In-kernel ISDN support, from the ISDN4BSD project. ++oo 802.1Q VLAN (virtual LAN) support. See vlan(4). ++oo IPFilter now supports IPv6 filtering. ++oo ndbootd(8) added; used to netboot NetBSD/sun2 machines. ++oo racoon(8) added; IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project. ++oo WEP encryption supported in ifconfig(8) and awi(4) driver. ++oo wi(4) and wiconfig(8) now support scanning for access points, and de- faults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode. ++oo Bridging support; currently only for ethernet. See bridge(4). ++oo In-kernel PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - RFC 2516, with much lower over- head than user-land PPPoE clients. See pppoe(4). ++oo ifwatchd(8) added; invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down. Used by pppoe(4). _F_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m ++oo Enhanced stability of LFS version 2, the BSD log-structured file sys- tem. ++oo dump(8), dumpfs(8), fsck_ffs(8), fsirand(8), newfs(8), and tunefs(8) support a --FF option to manipulate file system images in regular files. ++oo makefs(8) added; creates file system images from a directory tree. (Currently ffs only.) ++oo Enhanced ffffss__ddiirrpprreeff() by Grigoriy Orlov, which noticeably improves performance on FFS file systems when creating directories, and subse- quently manipulating them. ++oo Fixes for free block tracking and directory block allocation in FFS softdeps. ++oo Correctly support FFS file systems with a large number of cylinder groups. ++oo Fix the endian independant FFS (FFS_EI) support. ++oo newfs(8) calculates default block size from the file system size, and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if --cc isn't given. ++oo dpti(4) driver added; an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface. Allows the use of the Linux versions of ddppttmmggrr, rraaiidduuttiill, ddpptteelloogg, (etc). ++oo Support for Windows 2000 `NTFS' (NTFS5). ++oo Tagged queueing support for SCSI drivers based on the ncr53c9x con- troller. _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y ++oo Addition of a chroot(8) hierarchy for services including named(8), ntpd(8), and sshd(8). ++oo Additional passwd(5) ciphers: MD5, and DES with more encryption rounds. See passwd.conf(5). ++oo Several more code audits were performed. ++oo _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors changes. See security.conf(5). _S_y_s_t_e_m _a_d_m_i_n_i_s_t_r_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _u_s_e_r _t_o_o_l_s ++oo sushi(8) added; a menu based system administration tool. ++oo pgrep(1) and pkill(1) added; find or signal processes by name or oth- er attributes. ++oo System upgrades are made easier through the etcupdate(8) script which helps updating the _/_e_t_c config files interactively, and the _/_e_t_c_/_p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l script which is provided to check for or fix config- uration changes that have occurred in NetBSD. ++oo stat(1) added; a user interface to the information returned by the stat(2) system call. ++oo BSD sort(1) replaces GNU sort(1). ++oo The ``stop'' operation for rc.d(8) scripts waits until the service terminates before returning. This improves the reliability of ``restart'' operations as well. ++oo Swap devices can be removed at system shutdown by enabling swapoff in rc.conf(5). ++oo An optional watchdog timer which will terminate rc.shutdown(8) after the number of seconds provided in rcshutdown_timeout from rc.conf(5). _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s ++oo Support for multibyte LC_CTYPE locales has been integrated from the Citrus project. Many Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other encodings are now available. ++oo Full support for cross-compilation of the base system, even as a non- root user! _s_r_c_/_b_u_i_l_d_._s_h is available for doing arbitrary cross- builds; see _s_r_c_/_B_U_I_L_D_I_N_G for more information. At least 38 ports for the NetBSD 1.6.2 release were cross-built on a NetBSD/i386 system us- ing this mechanism. ++oo Migrated the following CPU platforms to ELF: arm, and m68k (including amiga, hp300, mac68k, mvme68k, sun2, and x68k). ++oo Updates of most third party packages that are shipped in the base system to the following latest stable releases: -- amd 6.0.6 -- BIND 8.3.3 -- binutils 2.11.2 -- bzip2 1.0.2 -- cvs 1.11 -- dhcp 3.0.1rc9 -- file 3.38 -- gcc 2.95.3 -- groff 1.16.1 -- Heimdal 0.4e -- IPfilter 3.4.27 -- kerberos4 1.1 -- ksh from pdksh 5.2.14p2 -- less 374 -- nvi 1.79 -- OpenSSH 3.4 -- OpenSSL 0.9.6g -- Postfix 1.1.11 -- ppp 2.4.0 -- routed 2.24 -- sendmail 8.11.6 -- tcpdump 3.7.1 ++oo Many new packages in the _p_k_g_s_r_c system, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice, perl, Apache and many more. At the time of writing, there are over 3000 third party packages available in pkgsrc. ++oo Added AGP GART driver agp(4) for faster access to graphics boards. ++oo init(8) will create an mfs (memory based file system) _/_d_e_v if _/_d_e_v_/_c_o_n_s_o_l_e is missing. ++oo vmstat(8) displays kernel hash statistics with --HH and --hh _h_a_s_h. ++oo wscons(4) supports blanking of VGA consoles. Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue. This is the first major release of NetBSD/evbarm. Unlike previous releases of NetBSD for the ARM architecture, the evbarm port uses the ELF binary format. However, NetBSD 1.6.2 on evbarm is, as usual, also fully backward compatible with old NetBSD a.out ARM binaries, so you don't need to recompile all your local programs provided you set the appropriate binary compatibility options in your kernel configura- tion. TThhee FFuuttuurree ooff NNeettBBSSDD The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of com- puter software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project. The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by: ++oo providing better organization to keep track of development efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in related fields. ++oo providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and to own the resources necessary to run the NetBSD Project. ++oo providing a better position from which to undertake promotional ac- tivities. ++oo periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested people to discuss ongoing work. We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambi- tion is to provide a full release every six to eight months. We hope to support even _m_o_r_e hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD. We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources sub- mit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the us- ability of the system. Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for and because of them that NetBSD exists. SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD Refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//SSiitteess//nneett..hhttmmll. NNeettBBSSDD 11..66..22 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 1.6.2 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_1_._6_._2_/ CHANGES Changes since earlier NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes. MIRRORS A list of sites that mirror the NetBSD 1.6.2 distribution. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. TODO NetBSD 's todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date). _p_a_t_c_h_e_s_/ Post-release source code patches. _s_o_u_r_c_e_/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one di- rectory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 1.6.2 has a binary distribution. There are also _R_E_A_D_M_E_._e_x_p_o_r_t_- _c_o_n_t_r_o_l files sprinkled liberally throughout the distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the distribution that may be subject to export regulations of the United States, e.g. code under _s_r_c_/_c_r_y_p_t_o and _s_r_c_/_s_y_s_/_c_r_y_p_t_o. It is your responsibility to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions and to act accordingly. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the _s_o_u_r_c_e subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: ggnnuussrrcc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. _5_5 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_4_7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ppkkggssrrcc This set contains the ``pkgsrc'' sources, which contain the in- frastructure to build third-party packages. _1_2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _9_4 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d sshhaarreessrrcc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. _4 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_6 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ssrrcc This set contains all of the base NetBSD 1.6.2 sources which are not in ggnnuussrrcc, sshhaarreessrrcc, or ssyyssssrrcc. _2_7 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_3_6 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ssyyssssrrcc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 1.6.2 kernel for all architectures; config(8); and dbsym(8). _2_2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_1_4 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxssrrcc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. _7_8 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _3_9_4 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d All the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the ppkkggssrrcc set, which is traditionally unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c, all sets may be unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: # (( ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff -- )) << sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz The _s_e_t_s_/_S_p_l_i_t_/ subdirectory contains split versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The split sets are named _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x where _s_e_t___n_a_m_e is the distribution set name, and _x_x is the sequence number of the file, starting with ``aa'' for the first file in the distribution set, then ``ab'' for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that distribution set.) The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with ccaatt as fol- lows: # ccaatt sseett__nnaammee..???? || (( ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff -- )) In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: BSDSUM Historic BSD checksums for the various files in that di- rectory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --oo 11 _f_i_l_e. CKSUM POSIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm _f_i_l_e. MD5 MD5 digests for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --mm _f_i_l_e. SYSVSUM Historic AT&T System V UNIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --oo 22 _f_i_l_e. The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest pos- sible range of system can check the integrity of the release files. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_e_v_b_a_r_m _s_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The evbarm-specific portion of the NetBSD 1.6.2 release is found in the _e_v_b_a_r_m subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_1_._6_._2_/_e_v_b_a_r_m_/ _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for everything supported in this re- lease. _s_e_t_s_/ evbarm binary distribution sets; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _m_i_s_c_/ Miscellaneous evbarm installation utilities; see installation section, below. _B_i_n_a_r_y _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD evbarm binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the NetBSD 1.6.2 release for the evbarm. There are eight binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _e_v_b_a_r_m_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 1.6.2 distribution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 1.6.2 evbarm bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t in- stall this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD util- ities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. _2_1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _5_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system li- braries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. _1_6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _5_7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d eettcc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. _3 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn--IINNTTEEGGRRAATTOORR (see below) _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn--IIQQ8800331100 (see below) _6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn--IIQQ8800332211 (see below) _6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_6 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn--TTEEAAMMAASSAA__NNPPWWRR _1_1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _3_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d These sets contain a NetBSD/evbarm 1.6.2 kernel, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. Some of these sets also contain a binary format kernel named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d_._b_i_n and an S-record format kernel named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d_._s_r_e_c that your firmware may need to boot. You _m_u_s_t install the ker- nel that matches your hardware. mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. _7 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d mmiisscc This set includes the (rather large) system dictionaries, the typesettable document set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. _3 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. _2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _6 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 3.3.6. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. _3 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. _2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxccoonnttrriibb Programs that were contributed to X. _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxffoonntt Fonts needed by X. _6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxmmiisscc Miscellaneous X programs. _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d The evbarm binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted _b_e_l_o_w _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr --xxppff command from the root directory ( _/ ) of your system. This utility is used only in a Traditional method in- stallation. _N_o_t_e_: Each directory in the evbarm binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. NNeettBBSSDD//eevvbbaarrmm SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD 1.6.2 runs on the following ARM architecture evaluation boards: ++oo ARM, Ltd. Integrator ++oo Intel IQ80310 ++oo Intel IQ80321 _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _d_e_v_i_c_e_s _(_A_R_M_, _L_t_d_. _I_n_t_e_g_r_a_t_o_r_) For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus- tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this platform. ++oo PrimeCell PL030 Real Time Clock ++oo Serial ports -- PrimeCell PL010 UART ++oo SCSI host adapters -- Adaptec AHA-2910, 2915, 2920, and 2930C adapters. -- Adaptec AHA-2x4x[U][2][W] cards and onboard PCI designs us- ing the AIC-7770, AIC-7850, AIC-7860, AIC-7870, AIC-7880 and AIC-789x chipsets. -- Adaptec AHA-394x[U][W] cards [b] -- Adaptec AHA-3950U2 cards -- Adaptec AHA-3960, 19160 and 29160 Ultra-160 adapters ++oo Ethernet adapters -- Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550 _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _d_e_v_i_c_e_s _(_I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_1_0_) For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus- tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this platform. ++oo Serial ports -- On-board ST16c550 UARTs ++oo Ethernet adapters -- Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550 ++oo i80312 Companion I/O functions -- General Purpose I/O unit _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _d_e_v_i_c_e_s _(_I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_2_1_) For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus- tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this platform. ++oo Serial ports -- On-board TI 16550 UART ++oo Ethernet adapters -- Intel i82542, i82543, i85244 Gigabit Ethernet ++oo i80321 I/O Processor functions -- Watchdog timer GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa Installation is supported from several media types, including: ++oo CD-ROM ++oo MS-DOS floppy ++oo FTP ++oo Remote NFS partition ++oo Tape ++oo Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation de- pend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the vari- ous media are outlined below. _C_D_-_R_O_M Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD- ROM. Proceed to the instruction on installation. _M_S_-_D_O_S _f_l_o_p_p_y Count the number of _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x files that make up the distribution sets you want to install or upgrade. You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies. Format all of the floppies with MS-DOS. Do _n_o_t make any of them bootable MS-DOS floppies, i.e. don't use format /s to format them. (If the floppies are bootable, then the MS-DOS system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.) If you're using floppies that are formatted for MS-DOS by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use them out of the box. Place all of the _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x files on the MS-DOS disks. Once you have the files on MS-DOS disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the sec- tion on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're up- grading an existing installation, go directly to the sec- tion on upgrading. _F_T_P The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. You need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the nu- meric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD ma- chine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. If you don't have access to a functioning nameserver during installation, the IP ad- dress of ffttpp..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg is 204.152.184.75 (as of June, 2002). Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _N_o_t_e_: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network con- figuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. _N_F_S Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install in- to a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine it- self. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on up- grading. _N_o_t_e_: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network con- figuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. _T_a_p_e To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format. If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easi- est way to do so is probably something like: # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e _d_i_s_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s where _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e is the name of the tape device that de- scribes the tape drive you're using; possibly _/_d_e_v_/_r_s_t_0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to sys- tem. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system admin- istrator.) In the above example, _d_i_s_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the mmiisscc,, bbaassee,, and eettcc distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: # ccdd ......//NNeettBBSSDD--11..66..22 # ccdd eevvbbaarrmm//bbiinnaarryy # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e mmiisscc eettcc kkeerrnn _N_o_t_e_: You still need to fill in _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e in the example. Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _U_p_g_r_a_d_e If you are upgrading NetBSD, you also have the option of installing NetBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. Please note that the _/_d_e_v on the floppy used for upgrades only knows about wd0, wd1, sd0, sd1, and sd2. If you have more than two IDE drives or more than three SCSI drives, you should take care not to place the sets on the high-numbered drives. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the bbaassee and kkeerrnn bi- nary distributions, and so must put the bbaassee and kkeerrnn sets somewhere in your file system. If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should _n_o_t upgrade the eettcc distribution; it contains contains system configura- tion files that you should review and update by hand. Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system. PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD iinnssttaallllaattiioonn First and foremost, before beginning the installation process, _m_a_k_e _s_u_r_e _y_o_u _h_a_v_e _a _r_e_l_i_a_b_l_e _b_a_c_k_u_p of any data on the target system that you wish to keep. Mistakes in e.g. partitioning your hard disk may lead to data loss. _P_r_e_p_a_r_a_t_i_o_n _f_o_r _t_h_e _I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_1_0 The IQ80310 uses RedBoot firmware from Red Hat, Inc. RedBoot supports loading the kernel via the serial port and the on-board Ethernet. These notes assume that the Ethernet will be used to load the kernel. RedBoot uses the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to load the kernel via the network. These notes also assume that the IQ80310 will be run as a diskless sys- tem; that an NFS server will provide the root file system. The NetBSD kernel uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain net- work address and root file system information. The first step is to configure your DHCP, NFS, and TFTP server software. You will need the MAC address for the on-board Ethernet, which RedBoot can provide; see the RedBoot documentation for more information. The next step is to configure RedBoot to obtain its IP address from your DHCP server; see the RedBoot documentation for more information. Once your DHCP server and RedBoot are properly configured, you should see information similar to the following when the IQ80310 is reset or pow- ered-up: RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 17:16:14, Feb 12 2001 Platform: IQ80310 (XScale) Copyright (C) 2000, Red Hat, Inc. RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000 FLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each. IP: 192.168.0.10, Default server: 192.168.0.1 RedBoot> A compressed kernel image and loader suitable for placing into flash is provided with the distribution. Use of this image is optional; a kernel that can be directly loaded over the network by RedBoot is also provided. The image for the IQ80310 can be found under the NetBSD/evbarm 1.6.2 dis- tribution directory in _e_v_b_a_r_m_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_g_z_i_m_g_/_g_z_i_m_g___I_Q_8_0_3_1_0___f_l_a_s_h___0_x_0_0_0_8_0_0_0_0_._g_z, and corresponds to the kernel in _e_v_b_a_r_m_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_k_e_r_n_e_l_/_n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_Q_8_0_3_1_0_._g_z. The following steps describe how to copy the compressed kernel image into flash. 1. Uncompress the gzimg file and place it into the TFTP server's down- load area (note, the kernel inside the gzimg is still compressed af- ter this step). server# ggzzccaatt ggzziimmgg__IIQQ8800331100__ffllaasshh__00xx0000008800000000..ggzz >> //ttffttppbboooott//ggzziimmgg__IIQQ8800331100__ffllaasshh__00xx0000008800000000 2. Load the gzimg from the TFTP server. RedBoot> load -r -b 0xa0200000 gzimg_IQ80310_flash_0x00080000 Raw file loaded 0xa0200000-0xa0305fe0 3. Use the RedBoot ffiiss command to copy the image into flash. For more information on the RedBoot Flash Image System, see the RedBoot docu- mentation. RedBoot> fis create -b 0xa0200000 -f 0x00080000 -l 0x00200000 netbsd.gz ... Erase from 0x00080000-0x00280000: .................... ... Program from 0xa0200000-0xa0400000 at 0x00080000: .................... ... Unlock from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:. ... Erase from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:. ... Program from 0xa1fd0000-0xa1ff0000 at 0x007e0000:. ... Lock from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:. Once the compressed kernel image has been copied into flash, it may be started by jumping to the flash address of the image: RedBoot> g 0x00080000 >> NetBSD/IQ80310 Gzip Boot, Revision 1.1 >> (root@tgm, Thu Mar 28 18:32:45 PST 2002) >> RAM 0xa0000000 - 0xafffffff, heap at 0xaffd0000 >> Load address: 0xa0200000 >> Image size: 741244 Uncompressing image...done. Jumping to image @ 0xa0200000... NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80310) booting ... Resetting secondary PCI bus... initarm: Configuring system ... physmemory: 65536 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xafffffff init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done. [ using 155084 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ] Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80310) #20: Fri Mar 29 10:25:53 PST 2002 root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80310 total memory = 256 MB avail memory = 232 MB using 1228 buffers containing 13208 KB of memory mainbus0 (root) cpu0 at mainbus0: i80200 step A-0 (XScale core) cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache obio0 at mainbus0: board rev. F, CPLD rev. D, backplane present com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe810000: ns16550a, working fifo com0: console com1 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80312 Companion I/O, acting as PCI host iopxs0: configuring Secondary PCI bus pci0 at iopxs0 bus 1 pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled ppb0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0: Digital Equipment DECchip 21154 PCI-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x05) pci1 at ppb0 bus 2 pci1: i/o space, memory space enabled fxp0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0: i82559S Ethernet, rev 9 fxp0: interrupting at iq80310 irq 1 fxp0: Ethernet address 00:80:4d:46:0b:b9 inphy0 at fxp0 phy 1: i82555 10/100 media interface, rev. 4 inphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0 boot device: root device: _P_r_e_p_a_r_a_t_i_o_n _f_o_r _t_h_e _I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_2_1 The IQ80321 uses RedBoot firmware from Red Hat, Inc. RedBoot supports loading the kernel via the serial port and the on-board Ethernet. These notes assume that the Ethernet will be used to load the kernel. RedBoot uses the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to load the kernel via the network. These notes also assume that the IQ80321 will be run as a diskless sys- tem; that an NFS server will provide the root file system. The NetBSD kernel uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain net- work address and root file system information. The first step is to configure your DHCP, NFS, and TFTP server software. You will need the MAC address for the on-board Ethernet, which RedBoot can provide; see the RedBoot documentation for more information. The next step is to configure RedBoot to obtain its IP address from your DHCP server; see the RedBoot documentation for more information. Once your DHCP server and RedBoot are properly configured, you should see information similar to the following when the IQ80321 is reset or pow- ered-up: Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:07:e9:03:38:40 IP: 192.168.0.11, Default server: 192.168.0.1 RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM] Non-certified release, version UNKNOWN - built 11:21:56, Feb 1 2002 Platform: IQ80321 (XScale) Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Red Hat, Inc. RAM: 0x00000000-0x08000000, 0x00017008-0x01ddd000 available FLASH: 0xf0000000 - 0xf0800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each. RedBoot> A compressed kernel image and loader suitable for placing into flash is provided with the distribution. Use of this image is optional; a kernel that can be directly loaded over the network by RedBoot is also provided. The image for the IQ80321 can be found under the NetBSD/evbarm 1.6.2 dis- tribution directory in _e_v_b_a_r_m_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_g_z_i_m_g_/_g_z_i_m_g___I_Q_8_0_3_2_1___f_l_a_s_h___0_x_f_0_0_8_0_0_0_0_._g_z, and corresponds to the kernel in _e_v_b_a_r_m_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_k_e_r_n_e_l_/_n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_Q_8_0_3_2_1_._g_z. The following steps describe how to copy the compressed kernel image into flash. 1. Uncompress the gzimg file and place it into the TFTP server's down- load area (note, the kernel inside the gzimg is still compressed af- ter this step). server# ggzzccaatt ggzziimmgg__IIQQ8800332211__ffllaasshh__00xxff00008800000000..ggzz >> //ttffttppbboooott//ggzziimmgg__IIQQ8800332211__ffllaasshh__00xxff00008800000000 2. Load the gzimg from the TFTP server. RedBoot> load -r -b 0x00200000 gzimg_IQ80321_flash_0xf0080000 Raw file loaded 0x00200000-0x00305fe4 3. Use the RedBoot ffiiss command to copy the image into flash. For more information on the RedBoot Flash Image System, see the RedBoot docu- mentation. RedBoot> fis create -b 0x00200000 -f 0xf0080000 -l 0x00200000 netbsd.gz * CAUTION * about to program 'netbsd.gz' at 0xf0080000..0xf027ffff from 0x00200000 - are you sure (y/n)? y ... Erase from 0xf0080000-0xf0280000: ....................... ... Program from 0x00200000-0x00400000 at 0xf0080000: ...................... ... Unlock from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:. ... Erase from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:. ... Program from 0x01ddf000-0x01dff000 at 0xf07e0000:. ... Lock from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:. Once the compressed kernel image has been copied into flash, it may be started by jumping to the flash address of the image: RedBoot> g 0xf0080000 >> NetBSD/IQ80321 Gzip Boot, Revision 1.1 >> (root@tgm, Thu Mar 28 18:32:45 PST 2002) >> RAM 0xa0000000 - 0xa7ffffff, heap at 0xa7fd0000 >> Load address: 0xa0200000 >> Image size: 739495 Uncompressing image...done. Jumping to image @ 0xa0200000... NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80321) booting ... initarm: Configuring system ... physmemory: 32768 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xa7ffffff init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done. [ using 155076 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ] Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80321) #1: Thu Mar 28 18:31:58 PST 2002 root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80321 total memory = 128 MB avail memory = 113 MB using 1228 buffers containing 6656 KB of memory mainbus0 (root) cpu0 at mainbus0: i80321 step A-0 (XScale core) cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache obio0 at mainbus0 com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo com0: console iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80321 I/O Processor, acting as PCI host iopxs0: configuring PCI bus pci0 at iopxs0 bus 0 pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled, rd/line, rd/mult, wr/inv ok wm0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0: Intel i82544 1000BASE-T Ethernet, rev. 2 wm0: interrupting at iop321 irq 27 wm0: Ethernet address 00:07:e9:03:38:40 makphy0 at wm0 phy 1: Marvell 88E1000 Gigabit PHY, rev. 0 makphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0 boot device: root device: IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_o_r _t_h_e _I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_1_0 The following steps describe how to set up an NFS root environment for the IQ80310 and how to boot the IQ80310. 1. Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area. RedBoot only loads S-Records, so select a kernel with the ``.srec'' filename suffix. In this example, we will boot the kernel hard- wired to use the on-board Ethernet as the root device. server# ccpp nneettbbssdd--ffxxpp00..ssrreecc //ttffttppbboooott//nneettbbssdd--iiqq8800331100--ffxxpp00 2. Unpack the distribution sets into the target's root directory. server# ccdd //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//iiqq8800331100 server# ggzzccaatt ......//bbaassee..ttggzz || ttaarr xxvvppff -- server# ggzzccaatt ......//eettcc..ttggzz || ttaarr xxvvppff -- [repeat for all sets you wish to unpack [0 3. Load the kernel from the TFTP server. RedBoot> load netbsd-iq80310-fxp0 Entry point: 0xa0200000, address range: 0xa0200000-0xa035e07c RedBoot> 4. Start the kernel running. The kernel will display boot message, probe for devices, and mount the root file system. If you used a kernel hard-wired to use the on-board Ethernet, it will attempt to mount the root file system automatically. Otherwise, it will prompt for the root device to use. Since the system's run-time environment has not yet been configured, the system should boot into single-user mode. RedBoot> go NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80310) booting ... Resetting secondary PCI bus... initarm: Configuring system ... physmemory: 65536 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xafffffff init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done. [ using 155084 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ] Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80310) #20: Fri Mar 29 10:25:53 PST 2002 root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80310 total memory = 256 MB avail memory = 232 MB using 1228 buffers containing 13208 KB of memory mainbus0 (root) cpu0 at mainbus0: i80200 step A-0 (XScale core) cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache obio0 at mainbus0: board rev. F, CPLD rev. D, backplane present com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe810000: ns16550a, working fifo com0: console com1 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80312 Companion I/O, acting as PCI host iopxs0: configuring Secondary PCI bus pci0 at iopxs0 bus 1 pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled ppb0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0: Digital Equipment DECchip 21154 PCI-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x05) pci1 at ppb0 bus 2 pci1: i/o space, memory space enabled fxp0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0: i82559S Ethernet, rev 9 fxp0: interrupting at iq80310 irq 1 fxp0: Ethernet address 00:80:4d:46:0b:b9 inphy0 at fxp0 phy 1: i82555 10/100 media interface, rev. 4 inphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0 boot device: root on fxp0 nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP nfs_boot: DHCP next-server: 192.168.0.1 nfs_boot: my_name=iq80310.lab.wasabisystems.com nfs_boot: my_domain=wasabisystems.com nfs_boot: my_addr=192.168.0.10 nfs_boot: my_mask=255.255.255.0 nfs_boot: gateway=192.168.0.254 root on 192.168.0.1:/export/client/iq80310 /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh: _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_o_r _t_h_e _I_n_t_e_l _I_Q_8_0_3_2_1 The following steps describe how to set up an NFS root environment for the IQ80321 and how to boot the IQ80321. 1. Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area. RedBoot only loads S-Records, so select a kernel with the ``.srec'' filename suffix. In this example, we will boot the kernel hard- wired to use the on-board Ethernet as the root device. server# ccpp nneettbbssdd--wwmm00..ssrreecc //ttffttppbboooott//nneettbbssdd--iiqq8800332211--wwmm00 2. Unpack the distribution sets into the target's root directory. server# ccdd //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//iiqq8800332211 server# ggzzccaatt ......//bbaassee..ttggzz || ttaarr xxvvppff -- server# ggzzccaatt ......//eettcc..ttggzz || ttaarr xxvvppff -- [repeat for all sets you wish to unpack [0 3. Load the kernel from the TFTP server. RedBoot> load netbsd-iq80321-wm0 Entry point: 0x00200000, address range: 0x00200000-0x00396a40 RedBoot> 4. Start the kernel running. The kernel will display boot message, probe for devices, and mount the root file system. If you used a kernel hard-wired to use the on-board Ethernet, it will attempt to mount the root file system automatically. Otherwise, it will prompt for the root device to use. Since the system's run-time environment has not yet been configured, the system should boot into single-user mode. RedBoot> go NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80321) booting ... initarm: Configuring system ... physmemory: 32768 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xa7ffffff init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done. [ using 156468 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ] Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80321) #1: Thu Mar 28 18:20:34 PST 2002 root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80321 total memory = 128 MB avail memory = 113 MB using 1228 buffers containing 6656 KB of memory mainbus0 (root) cpu0 at mainbus0: i80321 step A-0 (XScale core) cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache obio0 at mainbus0 com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo com0: console iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80321 I/O Processor, acting as PCI host iopxs0: configuring PCI bus pci0 at iopxs0 bus 0 pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled, rd/line, rd/mult, wr/inv ok wm0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0: Intel i82544 1000BASE-T Ethernet, rev. 2 wm0: interrupting at iop321 irq 27 wm0: Ethernet address 00:07:e9:03:38:40 makphy0 at wm0 phy 1: Marvell 88E1000 Gigabit PHY, rev. 0 makphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0 boot device: root on wm0 nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP nfs_boot: DHCP next-server: 192.168.0.1 nfs_boot: my_name=iq80321.lab.wasabisystems.com nfs_boot: my_domain=wasabisystems.com nfs_boot: my_addr=192.168.0.11 nfs_boot: my_mask=255.255.255.0 nfs_boot: gateway=192.168.0.254 root on 192.168.0.1:/export/client/iq80321 /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh: PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state, with the most important ones described below. 1. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f (ssyyssiinnsstt usually will), the system will drop you in- to single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (_/) mounted read-only. When the sys- tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a _/_b_i_n_/_s_h prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vvtt222200 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard: # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^hh'' # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^??'' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --uu --ww // Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi- user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). If your _/_u_s_r directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use eedd, you will have to mount your _/_u_s_r partition to gain access to eexx or vvii. Do the following: # mmoouunntt //uussrr # eexxppoorrtt TTEERRMM==vvtt222200 If you have _/_v_a_r on a separate partition, you need to repeat that step for it. After that, you can edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f with vi(1). When you have finished, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single- user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked en- vironment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e, furthermore add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_de0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_de0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Other files in _/_e_t_c that may require modification or setting up in- clude _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f, _/_e_t_c_/_n_s_s_w_i_t_c_h_._c_o_n_f, and _/_e_t_c_/_w_s_c_o_n_s_._c_o_n_f. 2. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. Unless you've set a password in ssyyssiinnsstt, there is no initial password. If you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should cre- ate an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console you can just press RETURN when it prompts for Terminal type? [...]. 3. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system; _d_o _n_o_t edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly. See useradd(8) for more information on how to add a new user to the system. 4. The X Window System If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in _/_u_s_r_/_X_1_1_R_6_/_l_i_b_/_X_1_1_/_d_o_c for information. Don't forget to add _/_u_s_r_/_X_1_1_R_6_/_b_i_n to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries. 5. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system. This automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD, retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software may depend, and simplifies in- stallation (and deinstallation), both from source and precompiled binaries. ++oo More information on the package system is at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//DDooccuummeennttaattiioonn//ssooffttwwaarree//ppaacckkaaggeess..hhttmmll ++oo A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//ppkkggssrrcc//RREEAADDMMEE..hhttmmll ++oo Precompiled binaries can be found at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess, usually in the _1_._6_._2_/_e_v_b_a_r_m_/_A_l_l subdir. You can install them with the following commands: ## PPKKGG__PPAATTHH==ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//11..66..22//eevvbbaarrmm//AAllll ## eexxppoorrtt PPKKGG__PPAATTHH ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv ttccsshh ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv aappaacchhee ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv ppeerrll ... The above commands will install the tcsh shell, the Apache web server and the perl programming language as well as all the packages they depend on. ++oo Package sources for compiling packages on your own can be ob- tained by retrieving the file ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD-- ccuurrrreenntt//ttaarr__ffiilleess//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz They are typically extracted into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c (though other lo- cations work fine), with the commands: # mmkkddiirr //uussrr//ppkkggssrrcc # (( ccdd //uussrr//ppkkggssrrcc ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff -- )) << ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz After extracting, then see the _R_E_A_D_M_E file in the extraction di- rectory (e.g. _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_R_E_A_D_M_E) for more information. 6. Misc ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. ++oo The _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f file will almost definitely need to be adjusted; files aiding in this can be found in _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l. See the README file there for more infor- mation. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the manu- al; so just invoking # mmaann 55 _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm There is no previous release of NetBSD/evbarm from which to upgrade. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 1.6.2. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _1_._5 The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the eettcc set into a temporary directory and running _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l: mkdir /tmp/upgrade cd /tmp/upgrade pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz ./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check ./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix Issues fixed by _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l: ++oo Various files in _/_e_t_c need upgrading. These include: -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_t_r_e_e_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_a_i_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_w_e_e_k_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_o_n_t_h_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_u_b_r -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_h_u_t_d_o_w_n -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_* ++oo The following files are now obsolete: _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_N_E_T_W_O_R_K and _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_g_a_t_e_d. ++oo The following rc.conf(5) entries are now obsolete: amd_master, ip6forwarding, defcorename, and nfsiod_flags. critical_filesystems_beforenet has been replaced by critical_filesystems_local. critical_filesystems has been re- placed by critical_filesystems_remote. ++oo The users and groups `named', `ntpd', and `sshd' need to be created. ++oo The configuration files for ssh(1) and sshd(8) were moved from _/_e_t_c to _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h, including _s_s_h___k_n_o_w_n___h_o_s_t_s_* files and the host key files _s_s_h___h_o_s_t_*___k_e_y_*. _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h_._c_o_n_f was renamed to _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h_/_s_s_h___c_o_n_f_i_g, and _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h_d_._c_o_n_f was renamed to _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h_/_s_s_h_d___c_o_n_f_i_g. ++oo The mmuuxx entries in wscons.conf(5) are now obsolete. The following issues need to be resolved manually: ++oo postfix(8) configuration files require upgrading. cd /usr/share/examples/postfix cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix postfix check ++oo The _d_e ethernet driver was replaced with the _t_l_p driver. This may require the renaming of the files _/_e_t_c_/_i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g_._d_e_* to _/_e_t_c_/_i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g_._t_l_p_*, renaming of rc.conf(5) entries ifconfig_de* to ifconfig_tlp*, and the reconfiguration of files such as _/_e_t_c_/_d_h_c_l_i_e_n_t_._c_o_n_f and _/_e_t_c_/_i_p_f_._c_o_n_f. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _1_._4 _o_r _p_r_i_o_r ++oo _/_e_t_c_/_r_c modified to use _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_* Prior to NetBSD 1.5, _/_e_t_c_/_r_c was a traditional BSD style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from _/_e_t_c_/_r_c and _/_e_t_c_/_n_e_t_s_t_a_r_t has been moved into separate scripts in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/. At system startup, _/_e_t_c_/_r_c uses rcorder(8) to build a dependency list of the files in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d and then executes each script in turn with an argument of `start'. Many _r_c_._d scripts won't start unless the ap- propriate rc.conf(5) entry in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f is set to `YES.' At system shutdown, _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_h_u_t_d_o_w_n uses rcorder(8) to build a de- pendency list of the files in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d that have a ``KEYWORD: shutdown'' line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn with an argument of `stop'. The following scripts support a specific shutdown method: _c_r_o_n, _i_n_e_t_d, _l_o_c_a_l, and _x_d_m. Local and third-party scripts may be installed into _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d as nec- essary. Refer to the other scripts in that directory and rc(8) for more information on implementing _r_c_._d scripts. ++oo named(8) leaks version information. Previous releases of NetBSD disabled a feature of named(8) where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients. This feature has not been disabled in NetBSD 1.5, because there is a named.conf(5) option to change the version string: option { version "newstring"; }; ++oo sysctl(8) was moved from _/_u_s_r_/_s_b_i_n_/_s_y_s_c_t_l to _/_s_b_i_n_/_s_y_s_c_t_l. If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname (in shell scripts, for example) please be sure to update those. ++oo sendmail(8) configuration file pathname changed. Due to sendmail(8) upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x, _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f is moved to _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f. Also, the default sendmail.cf(5) refers different pathnames than before. For example, _/_e_t_c_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s is now located at _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s, _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_w is now called _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_l_o_c_a_l_-_h_o_s_t_-_n_a_m_e_s, and so forth. If you have customized sendmail.cf(5) and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations. See _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_/_R_E_A_D_M_E for more information. UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropros(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is op- tional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter # mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter # mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc- tions. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_- _c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_b_u_g_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g. Use of send-pr(1) is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit hhttttpp::////wwwwww..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//MMaaiilliinnggLLiissttss//. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed be- low). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_h_e_l_p_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. ++oo Also, our thanks go to: Mike Hibler Rick Macklem Jan-Simon Pendry Chris Torek for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done. ++oo UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and for a long time provided the primary FTP site for NetBSD. ++oo Vixie Enterprises for hosting the NetBSD FTP, SUP, and WWW servers. ++oo Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD mail and GNATS server. ++oo The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the NetBSD CVS server. ++oo The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. ++oo The many organisations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo Dave Burgess _b_u_r_g_e_s_s_@_c_y_n_j_u_t_._i_n_f_o_n_e_t_._n_e_t has been maintaining the 386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be recognized for it. ++oo The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical or- der) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to sup- port NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it: Steve Allen Jason Birnschein Mason Loring Bliss Jason Brazile Mark Brinicombe David Brownlee Simon Burge Dave Burgess Ralph Campbell Brian Carlstrom James Chacon Bill Coldwell Charles Conn Tom Coulter Charles D. Cranor Christopher G. Demetriou Scott Ellis Hubert Feyrer Castor Fu Greg Gingerich William Gnadt Michael Graff Guenther Grau Ross Harvey Charles M. Hannum Michael L. Hitch Kenneth Alan Hornstein Jordan K. Hubbard S/oren J/orvang Scott Kaplan Noah M. Keiserman Harald Koerfgen John Kohl Chris Legrow Ted Lemon Norman R. McBride Neil J. McRae Perry E. Metzger Luke Mewburn Toru Nishimura Herb Peyerl Mike Price Dave Rand Michael Richardson Heiko W. Rupp Brad Salai Chuck Silvers Thor Lancelot Simon Bill Sommerfeld Paul Southworth Eric and Rosemary Spahr Ted Spradley Kimmo Suominen Jason R. Thorpe Steve Wadlow Krister Walfridsson Rob Windsor Jim Wise Reinoud Zandijk Christos Zoulas AboveNet Communications, Inc. Advanced System Products, Inc. Avalon Computer Systems Bay Area Internet Solutions Brains Corporation, Japan Canada Connect Corporation Co-operative Research Centre for Enterprise Distributed Systems Technology Demon Internet, UK Digital Equipment Corporation Distributed Processing Technology Easynet, UK Free Hardware Foundation Innovation Development Enterprises of America Internet Software Consortium MS Macro System GmbH, Germany Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center Piermont Information Systems Inc. Precedence Technologies Ltd Salient Systems Inc. VMC Harald Frank, Germany Warped Communications, Inc. Whitecross Database Systems Ltd. (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) WWee aarree...... (in alphabetical order) _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _c_o_r_e _g_r_o_u_p_: Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g _T_h_e _p_o_r_t_m_a_s_t_e_r_s _(_a_n_d _t_h_e_i_r _p_o_r_t_s_)_: Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ppmmaaxx Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssbbmmiippss Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssuunn33xx Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssuunn22 Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ccaattss Ross Harvey _r_o_s_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aallpphhaa Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g sshh33 Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aaccoorrnn2266 Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssppaarrcc6644 Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g nneexxtt6688kk S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ccoobbaalltt S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssggiimmiippss Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g mmiippssccoo Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssppaarrcc Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ii338866 Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g vvaaxx Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ppcc553322 NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g xx6688kk Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g lluunnaa6688kk NONAKA Kimihiro _n_o_n_a_k_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g pprreepp Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g mmaacc6688kk Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g bbeebbooxx Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aarrcc Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ooffppppcc Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aammiiggaa Jonathan Stone _j_o_n_a_t_h_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ppmmaaxx Shin Takemura _t_a_k_e_m_u_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g hhppccmmiippss Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aallpphhaa Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g hhpp330000 Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g mmaaccppppcc Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g nneewwssmmiippss Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g nneewwss6688kk Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aattaarrii Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ssuunn33 Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g mmvvmmee6688kk Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g mmvvmmeeppppcc Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g aaccoorrnn3322 _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _1_._6_._2 _R_e_l_e_a_s_e _E_n_g_i_n_e_e_r_i_n_g _t_e_a_m_: Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Todd Vierling _t_v_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g _N_e_t_B_S_D _D_e_v_e_l_o_p_e_r_s_: Nathan Ahlstrom _n_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Steve Allen _w_o_r_m_e_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Julian Assange _p_r_o_f_f_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Lennart Augustsson _a_u_g_u_s_t_s_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Christoph Badura _b_a_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bang Jun-Young _j_u_n_y_o_u_n_g_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dieter Baron _d_i_l_l_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Robert V. Baron _r_v_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jason Beegan _j_t_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Hiroyuki Bessho _b_s_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g John Birrell _j_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Mason Loring Bliss _m_a_s_o_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Rafal Boni _r_a_f_a_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g John Brezak _b_r_e_z_a_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Allen Briggs _b_r_i_g_g_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Mark Brinicombe _m_a_r_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Aaron Brown _a_b_r_o_w_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Andrew Brown _a_t_a_t_a_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Frederick Bruckman _f_r_e_d_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jon Buller _j_o_n_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Robert Byrnes _b_y_r_n_e_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g D'Arcy J.M. Cain _d_a_r_c_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dave Carrel _c_a_r_r_e_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bill Coldwell _b_i_l_l_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chuck Cranor _c_h_u_c_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Aidan Cully _a_i_d_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Johan Danielsson _j_o_d_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matt DeBergalis _d_e_b_e_r_g_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Rob Deker _d_e_k_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chris G. Demetriou _c_g_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tracy Di Marco White _g_e_n_d_a_l_i_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jarom'ir Dolecek _j_d_o_l_e_c_e_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Andy Doran _a_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Roland Dowdeswell _e_l_r_i_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Emmanuel Dreyfus _m_a_n_u_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jun Ebihara _j_u_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Stoned Elipot _s_e_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Enami Tsugutomo _e_n_a_m_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bernd Ernesti _v_e_e_g_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Erik Fair _f_a_i_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Hubert Feyrer _h_u_b_e_r_t_f_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jason R. Fink _j_r_f_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Thorsten Frueauf _f_r_u_e_a_u_f_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Castor Fu _c_a_s_t_o_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ichiro Fukuhara _i_c_h_i_r_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Thomas Gerner _t_h_o_m_a_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Simon J. Gerraty _s_j_g_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Justin Gibbs _g_i_b_b_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Adam Glass _g_l_a_s_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Michael Graff _e_x_p_l_o_r_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Brian C. Grayson _b_g_r_a_y_s_o_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Andreas Gustafsson _g_s_o_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Juergen Hannken-Illjes _h_a_n_n_k_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Charles M. Hannum _m_y_c_r_o_f_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ross Harvey _r_o_s_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Eric Haszlakiewicz _e_r_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g John Hawkinson _j_h_a_w_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g HAYAKAWA Koichi _h_a_y_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ren'e Hexel _r_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Michael L. Hitch _m_h_i_t_c_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Christian E. Hopps _c_h_o_p_p_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ken Hornstein _k_e_n_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Marc Horowitz _m_a_r_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Shell Hung _s_h_e_l_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dean Huxley _d_e_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bernardo Innocenti _b_e_r_n_i_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tetsuya Isaki _i_s_a_k_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g ITOH Yasufumi _i_t_o_h_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g IWAMOTO Toshihiro _t_o_s_h_i_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matthew Jacob _m_j_a_c_o_b_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj _l_o_n_h_y_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chris Jones _c_j_o_n_e_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Takahiro Kambe _t_a_c_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Masanori Kanaoka _k_a_n_a_o_k_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Mattias Karlsson _k_e_i_h_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g KAWAMOTO Yosihisa _k_a_w_a_m_o_t_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Mario Kemper _m_a_g_i_c_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Thomas Klausner _w_i_z_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Klaus Klein _k_l_e_i_n_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g John Kohl _j_t_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Martti Kuparinen _m_a_r_t_t_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Kevin Lahey _k_m_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Johnny C. Lam _j_l_a_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Martin J. Laubach _m_j_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Joel Lindholm _j_o_e_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Mike Long _m_i_k_e_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Warner Losh _i_m_p_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tomasz Luchowski _z_u_n_t_u_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Federico Lupi _f_e_d_e_r_i_c_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Brett Lymn _b_l_y_m_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Paul Mackerras _p_a_u_l_u_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g MAEKAWA Masahide _g_e_h_e_n_n_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g David Maxwell _d_a_v_i_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dan McMahill _d_m_c_m_a_h_i_l_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Gregory McGarry _g_m_c_g_a_r_r_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jared D. McNeill _j_m_c_n_e_i_l_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Neil J. McRae _n_e_i_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Minoura Makoto _m_i_n_o_u_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g der Mouse _m_o_u_s_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Joseph Myers _j_s_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ken Nakata _k_e_n_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bob Nestor _r_n_e_s_t_o_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g NONAKA Kimihiro _n_o_n_a_k_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jesse Off _j_o_f_f_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tatoku Ogaito _t_a_c_h_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Masaru Oki _o_k_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Atsushi Onoe _o_n_o_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Greg Oster _o_s_t_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Herb Peyerl _h_p_e_y_e_r_l_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matthias Pfaller _m_a_t_t_h_i_a_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chris Pinnock _c_j_e_p_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dante Profeta _d_a_n_t_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chris Provenzano _p_r_o_v_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Michael Rauch _m_r_a_u_c_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Darren Reed _d_a_r_r_e_n_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Michael Richardson _m_c_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Gordon Ross _g_w_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Heiko W. Rupp _h_w_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g David Sainty _d_s_a_i_n_t_y_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Curt Sampson _c_j_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Wilfredo Sanchez _w_s_a_n_c_h_e_z_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ty Sarna _t_s_a_r_n_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g SATO Kazumi _s_a_t_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jan Schaumann _j_s_c_h_a_u_m_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matthias Scheler _t_r_o_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Karl Schilke (rAT) _r_a_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Amitai Schlair _s_c_h_m_o_n_z_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Konrad Schroder _p_e_r_s_e_a_n_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Reed Shadgett _d_e_n_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tim Shepard _s_h_e_p_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Takeshi Shibagaki _s_h_i_b_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Takao Shinohara _s_h_i_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Takuya SHIOZAKI _t_s_h_i_o_z_a_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Thor Lancelot Simon _t_l_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jeff Smith _j_e_f_f_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g SOMEYA Yoshihiko _s_o_m_e_y_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bill Sommerfeld _s_o_m_m_e_r_f_e_l_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bill Squier _g_r_o_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jonathan Stone _j_o_n_a_t_h_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Bill Studenmund _w_r_s_t_u_d_e_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Kevin Sullivan _s_u_l_l_i_v_a_n_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g SUNAGAWA Keiki _k_e_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Kimmo Suominen _k_i_m_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Shin Takemura _t_a_k_e_m_u_r_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g TAMURA Kent _k_e_n_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Shin'ichiro TAYA _t_a_y_a_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Christoph Toshok _t_o_s_h_o_k_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g UCHIYAMA Yasushi _u_c_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Masao Uebayashi _u_e_b_a_y_a_s_i_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Shuichiro URATA _u_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Todd Vierling _t_v_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Aymeric Vincent _a_y_m_e_r_i_c_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Paul Vixie _v_i_x_i_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Krister Walfridsson _k_r_i_s_t_e_r_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Lex Wennmacher _w_e_n_n_m_a_c_h_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Assar Westerlund _a_s_s_a_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Todd Whitesel _t_o_d_d_p_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Rob Windsor _w_i_n_d_s_o_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Dan Winship _d_a_n_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Jim Wise _j_w_i_s_e_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Michael Wolfson _m_b_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Colin Wood _e_n_d_e_r_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Yuji Yamano _y_y_a_m_a_n_o_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Maria Zevenhoven _m_a_r_i_a_7_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g _O_t_h_e_r _c_o_n_t_r_i_b_u_t_o_r_s_: Dave Burgess _b_u_r_g_e_s_s_@_c_y_n_j_u_t_._i_n_f_o_n_e_t_._n_e_t Brian R. 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This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield. This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey. This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman. This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes. This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer. This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe for the NetB- SD Project. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe. This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe. This product includes software developed by Markus Wild. This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann and Wolfgang Solfrank. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson. This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller. This product includes software developed by Michael L. Hitch. This product includes software developed by Niels Provos. This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras. This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson. This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes. This product includes software developed by Roland C. Dowdeswell. This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann. This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram. This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert. This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt and John Brezak. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura for the NetB- SD Project. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software designed by William Allen Simpson. This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc. This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci- ence at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora- tory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary De- partment of Computer Science and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project. This product includes software developed for the Internet Software Con- sortium by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthieu Herrb. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier- mont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist, C Stone and Job de Haas. This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@min- com.oz.au). This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/). This product includes software developed by the University of Oregon. This product includes software developed by the University of Southern California and/or Information Sciences Institute. This product includes software developed by Internet Initiative Japan Inc. This product includes software developed by Reinoud Zandijk. This product includes software developed at the Information Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory. This product includes software developed by Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. This product includes software developed by Neil Carson. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team. This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens. TThhee EEnndd NetBSD September 7, 2002 38