About this Document............................................2
Dedication.....................................................2
What is NetBSD?................................................2
Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6.2...................................2
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6.1 and 1.6.2 Releases............3
Kernel......................................................3
Networking..................................................3
Security....................................................4
System administration and user tools........................4
Miscellaneous...............................................4
hp300 specific..............................................4
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6 and 1.6.1 Releases..............4
Kernel......................................................5
Networking..................................................5
File system.................................................6
Security....................................................6
System administration and user tools........................6
Miscellaneous...............................................6
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases................7
Kernel......................................................7
Networking..................................................8
File system.................................................8
Security....................................................9
System administration and user tools........................9
Miscellaneous...............................................9
The Future of NetBSD..........................................10
Sources of NetBSD.............................................11
NetBSD 1.6.2 Release Contents.................................11
NetBSD/hp300 subdirectory structure........................13
Binary distribution sets...................................13
NetBSD/hp300 System Requirements and Supported Devices........15
Supported hardware.........................................15
Unsupported hardware.......................................17
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................17
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................19
Formatting your hard drives................................20
Designing your disk's partition table......................20
Installing the bootstrap program locally...................21
Installing the miniroot file system locally................22
Configuring the netboot server.............................22
Put Series 400 systems in HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode.......26
Searching for a bootable system............................27
Selecting ethernet port on Series 400......................28
Running SYS_INST...........................................28
Chosing a kernel location..................................30
Installing the NetBSD System..................................30
Post installation steps.......................................31
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................33
Upgrading using the miniroot...............................34
Manual upgrade.............................................35
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............36
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5................36
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior.......37
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................37
Administrivia.................................................38
Thanks go to..................................................38
We are........................................................41
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................45
The End.......................................................47
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD1.6.2
on the
hp300
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
The NetBSD Foundation would like to dedicate the NetBSD 1.6.2 release to the memory of Erik Reid, who went missing and is presumed dead in a sailing accident on 18 February 2004. Erik's contributions to NetBSD included work on support for SGI MIPS R4000, integrating XFree86 Direct Rendering Interface (DRI), and managing the build lab. His death came as a shock, and he will be greatly missed by all of us. May he rest in peace.
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across eleven distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD1.6.2 release contains complete binary releases for thirty eight different system architectures. (The fifteen remaining are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.netbsd.org/.)
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.
NetBSD1.6.2 is an upgrade of NetBSD1.6.1 and earlier major and patch releases of NetBSD.
The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from after the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated by version identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc. These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes in internal kernel APIs. Note that the kernel from NetBSD 1.6 can not be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development versions. Trying to use the NetBSD 1.6 kernel on such a system will probably result in problems.
Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version'' comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent in 1.6. The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository. The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started, and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development trunk.
The NetBSD1.6.2 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over nine months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.2 release. Some highlights include:
pciide(4),
make Promise controllers do DMA with large disks
requiring 48-bit LBA drives.
pciide(4).
mlx(4)
stability improved.
pciide(4).
userconf(4)
for more information.
wdc(4)
to work with pre-ATA drives.
rtk(4)
multicast problem fixed.
fxp(4)
support yet a few more chip variants.
tulip(4)
driver fixed so that the DEC Alpha PWS no longer panics.
bce(4)
driver added for Broadcom BCM4401 chipset, as seen in recent
Dell laptops.
vi(1)
triggered by an error was fixed.
scsictl(8)
now supports a few new commands.
And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue.
The NetBSD1.6.1 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over seven months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.1 release. Some highlights include:
aac(4).
audio(4),
dpt(4),
eap(4),
emuxki(4),
iop(4),
siop(4)
and
umass(4).
pciide(4)
support has been extended to support Promise
Ultra133TX2, Promise Ultra133TX2v2, HighPoint HPT372, Ultra/133
on VIA VT8233A, and the VIA VT8235.
tlp(4)
and
xi(4)
drivers.
pcn(4)
driver.
rtk(4)
now supports Planex FNW-3603 cardbus ethernet card.
ex(4)
multicast handling has been fixed.
wi(4)
now supports Netgear MA401RA card.
wm(4)
now supports more chip variants.
aue(4)
now supports SMC 2206USB/ETH EZ Connect adapter.
sip(4)
now has some Tx interrupt mitigation code, and improved
support for 64-bit DP83820 cards.
fxp(4)
driver has been improved for better support of
certain i82558 revisions, and has been fixed to recognize
some more chips.
bge(4)
driver.
ftpd(8)
interoperability bugs have been fixed.
mopd(8)
fixes to make the program load correctly.
pppoe(4)
bugs have been fixed.
ffs(4)
soft dependencies handling have been incorporated.
amd(8).
fsck(8)
bugs have been fixed.
named(8)
and the libc resolver.
file(1)
have been fixed.
tar(1)
has been fixed.
user(8)
has seen several fixes, some of them related to MD5 and
blowfish password encryption support.
And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue.
The NetBSD1.6 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.2 release. Some highlights include:
scsipi(9).
userconf(4),
activated with the
-c
boot loader flag.
ehci(4)
host controller.
irframe(4)
IrDA frame level driver.
Serial dongles and the
oboe(4)
driver are currently supported.
INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE
in
options(4)
for more information.
sysctl(8).
vlan(4).
ndbootd(8)
added;
used to netboot
NetBSD/sun2
machines.
racoon(8)
added;
IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project.
ifconfig(8)
and
awi(4)
driver.
wi(4)
and
wiconfig(8)
now support scanning for access points,
and defaults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode.
bridge(4).
pppoe(4).
ifwatchd(8)
added;
invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down.
Used by
pppoe(4).
dump(8),
dumpfs(8),
fsck_ffs(8),
fsirand(8),
newfs(8),
and
tunefs(8)
support a
-F
option to manipulate file system images in regular files.
makefs(8)
added;
creates file system images from a directory tree.
(Currently ffs only.)
newfs(8)
calculates default block size from the file system size,
and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if
-c
isn't given.
dpti(4)
driver added;
an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface.
Allows the use of the Linux versions of
dptmgr,
raidutil,
dptelog,
(etc).
chroot(8)
hierarchy for services including
named(8),
ntpd(8),
and
sshd(8).
passwd(5)
ciphers:
MD5, and
DES with more encryption rounds.
See
passwd.conf(5).
/etc/security
performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors
changes.
See
security.conf(5).
sushi(8)
added;
a menu based system administration tool.
pgrep(1)
and
pkill(1)
added;
find or signal processes by name or other attributes.
etcupdate(8)
script which helps updating the
/etc
config files interactively, and the
/etc/postinstall
script which is provided to check for or fix configuration changes
that have occurred in
NetBSD.
stat(1)
added;
a user interface to the information returned by the
stat(2)
system call.
sort(1)
replaces
GNU
sort(1).
rc.d(8)
scripts waits until the service terminates before returning.
This improves the reliability of
``restart''
operations as well.
swapoff
in
rc.conf(5).
rc.shutdown(8)
after the number of seconds provided in
rcshutdown_timeout
from
rc.conf(5).
src/build.sh
is available for doing arbitrary cross-builds; see
src/BUILDING
for more information.
At least 38 ports for the
NetBSD1.6.2
release were cross-built on a
NetBSD/i386
system using this mechanism.
agp(4)
for faster access to graphics boards.
init(8)
will create an mfs (memory based file system)
/dev
if
/dev/console
is missing.
vmstat(8)
displays kernel hash statistics with
-H
and
-h hash.
wscons(4)
supports blanking of VGA consoles.
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue.
This is the seventh major release of NetBSD for the HP 9000/300 series of computers.
The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.
The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
NetBSD
users, because it is for
and because of them that
NetBSD
exists.
Refer to
http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html.
The root directory of the NetBSD1.6.2 release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-1.6.2/
CHANGESLAST_MINUTEMIRRORSREADME.filesTODOpatches/source/
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
NetBSD1.6.2
has a binary distribution.
There are also
README.export-control
files sprinkled liberally throughout the
distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the
distribution that may be subject to
export regulations of the United States, e.g.
code under
src/crypto
and
src/sys/crypto.
It is your responsibility
to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions
and to act accordingly.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(8);
and
dbsym(8).
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
#( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) < set_name.tgz
The
sets/Split/
subdirectory contains split
versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the
source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution.
The split sets are named
set_name.xx
where
set_name
is the distribution set name, and
xx
is the sequence number of the file,
starting with
``aa''
for the first file in the distribution set, then
``ab''
for the next, and so on.
All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly
240,640 bytes long.
(The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data
for that distribution set.)
The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with cat as follows:
# cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
BSDSUMCKSUMMD5SYSVSUMThe MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files.
hp300
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-1.6.2/hp300/
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gzsets/installation/miniroot/misc/hp300/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD1.6.2
distribution tree, and are as follows:
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
/usr/share.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 3.3.6. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The hp300 binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
The following are included in the
hp300/installation
directory:
miniroot/miniroot.fs.gzmisc/HP-IB.geometrySYS_INST.gzSYS_UBOOT.gzrbootd.tgzhp300/binary/kernel
directory:
netbsd-GENERIC.gzGENERIC
kernel.
netbsd.RAMDISK.gzINSTALL
kernel with embedded ramdisk.
netbsd.RAMDISK.symbols.gznetbsd.RAMDISK.gz.
NetBSD/hp300 1.6.2 will run on most HP 9000/300- and 400-series machines. The smallest amount of RAM that has been tested is 4 MB. If you wish to run X, more RAM is recommended.
Each serial interface has its own quirks, and some of them use non-standard pins. The FAQ describes how to configure and connect serial consoles to hp300 systems. http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hp300/faq.html#serialconsole
When you try booting from a system with a framebuffer that is not supported by NetBSD/hp300, the screen will turn black, and it will try using the serial port for the console.
You should wait to decide where to put the NetBSD distribution sets until you have figured out how you are going to boot your system. Refer back to this section after you have done so.
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
Proceed to the instruction on installation.
204.152.184.75
(as of June, 2002).
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
/etc/exports
file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like:
# tar -cf tape_device dist_directories
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using; possibly
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example,
dist_directories
are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
misc, base, and etc
distributions on tape (in
order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-1.6.2
# cd hp300/binary
# tar -cf tape_device misc etc kern
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree.
At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the base and kern binary distributions, and so must put the base and kern sets somewhere in your file system. If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should not upgrade the etc distribution; it contains contains system configuration files that you should review and update by hand.
Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system.
There are two installation tools available. The traditional miniroot installer is script-based and may be netbooted or may be dumped to a disk and run locally. The ramdisk kernel with the sysinst installation utility is more flexible, but can only be netbooted and has not been extensively tested.
There are several possible installation configurations described in this document. Other configurations are possible, but less common. If you are unable to install based on the information in this document, post a message to port-hp300@netbsd.org asking for help. The configurations described in this document are as follows:
SYS_UBOOT
and then runs the miniroot installation tools or a purely diskless
installation from a
NetBSD
server on the same subnet (you must have root access).
Other server platforms will work, but are described in the NetBSD Diskless
HOW-TO.
http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
SYS_UBOOT
from a local disk, tape, or floppy
and then runs the miniroot installation tools or a purely diskless
installation from a
NetBSD
server on the same subnet (you must have root access).
Other server platforms will work, but are described in the NetBSD Diskless
HOW-TO.
http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
You will need
HP-UX
on your hp300 if it does not have a SCSI interface or a floppy drive.
SYS_INST
from a local disk.
You partition the drive
and then run the miniroot installation tools from that drive.
You will need
HP-UX
on your hp300 if it does not have a SCSI interface.
If you have access to a NetBSD/hp300 system, it is much easier to simply upgrade than to install from scratch. Skip down to the section on Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
mediainit(1)
command.
You may need to first create the device nodes for your disk, as
HP-UX
was never very good about populating
/dev/rdsk
propertly.
# mknod /dev/dsk/IDs0 b 0 0xSCID00
# mknod /dev/rdsk/IDs0 c 4 0xSCID00
# mediainit -v /dev/rdsk/IDs0
00
and
07,
but possibly up to
1F
(31 decimal) .
07
for slow (i.e. built-in) HP-IB or
0E
(14 decimal) for SCSI or fast HP-IB.
SYS_INST.
It's best to calculate it ahead of time.
If you are installing to an HP-IB disk,
you will need information about your disk's geometry, based on 512-byte sectors.
The file
installation/misc/HP-IB.geometry
in the distribution has geometry information for
several HP-IB disks, but may be incomplete.
Geometry may be calculated from an HP-UX
/etc/disktab
entry, but note that HP-UX geometry is based
on 1024 byte sectors, while
NetBSD's
is based on 512 byte sectors.
You should have all partitions start on cylinder boundaries.
If you are installing to a SCSI disk, you don't need to worry about the details of the geometry. Just create a disklabel based on the total number of sectors available on the disk.
A quick note about partitions:
Since the target disk will become the boot
disk for your new
NetBSD/hp300
installation, you will need to treat the
`a'
and
`c'
partitions in a special manner.
Due to the size of the
NetBSD/hp300
boot program (it spills into the area after the disklabel),
it is necessary to offset the beginning of the
`a'
partition.
For HP-IB disks, it is best to offset it by one cylinder from
the beginning of the disk.
For SCSI disks, just offset it by 100 KB (200 sectors).
Later, the
`c'
partition will be marked with the type
`boot'
and may not be used for a file system.
(For those unfamiliar
with historic
BSD
partition conventions, the
`c'
partition is defined as the
`entire disk',
or the
`raw partition'.)
Here is a table of recommended partition sizes for a full install:
| Partition | Suggested | Needed |
| / (root) | 25 MB | 15 MB |
| /usr | 150 MB | 100 MB |
| /var | 20 MB | 5 MB |
| swap | 2-3 *RAM| 6 MB
| |
Here is an example disklabel from a 7959B HP-IB hard drive:
# /dev/rrd0a:
type: HP-IB
disk: rd7959B
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 42
tracks/cylinder: 9
sectors/cylinder: 378
cylinders: 1572
total sectors: 594216
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
a: 37800 378 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 #
b: 66150 38178 swap 1024 8192 16 #
c: 594216 0 boot # (Cyl. 0 - 1571)
d: 489888 104328 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 #
installation/misc/SYS_UBOOT.
If you do not have access to a netboot server to serve the miniroot
installer, you can use a primitive bootstrap program
installation/misc/SYS_INST
to load the miniroot from a locally attached device (such as a
disk, tape or CD-R).
This is not recommended, as
SYS_INST
is difficult to use, buggy, and provides no error checking when
partitioning your disk.
If your system has SCSI, this is easy.
Just take a scratch SCSI disk (hard disk, zip disk, or CD-R)
and use any computer to dump the bootstrap program to it.
For example, to dump it to the
sd1
disk on a non-i386 platform:
# dd if=SYS_UBOOT of=/dev/sd1c
If your system has a floppy drive, you can write the bootstrap program to
it using any computer with a floppy drive.
You will need to dump it using a utility like
rawrite
or
dd(1).
Make sure to read back from the floppy to verify that the file has been
written correctly.
If your system does not have SCSI or a floppy drive, you will need a bootable operating system on your hp300 so you can write files to the HP-IB device. You should probably write the bootstrap program to the disk you will be installing NetBSD onto.
Using HP-UX to write to an HP-IB disk:
# dd if=SYS_UBOOT of=/dev/rdsk/IDs0
00
and
07,
but possibly up to
1F
(31 decimal) .
Using HP-UX to write to an HP-IB tape:
# dd if=SYS_UBOOT of=/dev/rmt/0mnb obs=20b conv=sync
installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz)
instead of the bootstrap program.
The only quirk is that you should place it at the offset of the swap
partition you calculated above in the disklabel.
In the example disklabel above, the offset is 38178 sectors of 512 bytes.
Therfore, the
dd(1)
command would be something like:
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rdsk/IDs0 seek=38178b
b'
after the offset, which specifies blocks of 512 bytes.
By dumping the miniroot to disk where the swap partition will be, you're
saving a step later where
SYS_INST
tries to download the miniroot over NFS.
Just make sure that when you enter the partition table into
SYS_INST
you use the same block offset for the swap partition as you dumped the
miniroot.
SYS_UBOOT
and the miniroot installer to your hp300.
To netboot a hp300, you must configure one or more servers to provide
information and files to your hp300 (the
`client ).'
If you are using
NetBSD
(any architecture) on your netboot server(s), the information
provided here should be sufficient to configure everything.
Additionally, you may wish to look at the
diskless(8)
manual page and the manual pages for each daemon you'll be configuring.
If the server(s) are another operating system, you should consult the
NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
configure the netboot services on a variety of platforms.
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
You may either netboot the installer so you can install onto a locally attached disk, or you may run your system entirely over the network.
Briefly, the netboot
process involves discovery, bootstrap, kernel and file system stages.
In the first stage, the client discovers information
about where to find the bootstrap program.
Next, it downloads and executes the bootstrap program.
The bootstrap program goes through another discovery phase to determine
where the kernel is located.
The bootstrap program tries to mount the NFS share containing the kernel.
Once the kernel is loaded, it starts executing.
For RAM disk kernels, it mounts the RAM disk file system and begins
executing the installer from the RAM disk.
For normal (non-RAM disk) kernels, the
kernel tries to mount the NFS share that had the kernel and starts
executing
the installation tools or
init(8).
All supported hp300 systems use HP's proprietary RMP (the
rbootd(8)
daemon) for the first discovery stage and bootstrap download stages.
The bootstrap program uses DHCP for its discovery stage.
NFS is used in both the kernel and file system stages to download the
kernel, and to access files on the file server.
We will use
`CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
machine.
You should have determined this address in an earlier stage.
In this example, we will use
`192.168.1.10'
as the IP address of your client and
`client.test.net'
as its name.
We will assume you're providing all of your netboot services
on one machine called
`server.test.net'
with the client's files exported from the directory
/export/client/root.
You should, of course, replace all of these with the names, addresses,
and paths appropriate to your environment.
You should set up each netboot stage in order (i.e. discovery, bootstrap, kernel, and then file system) so that you can test them as you proceed.
rbootd(8)
Get
SYS_UBOOT
from the
installation/misc
directory of the distribution.
# mkdir -p /usr/mdec/rbootd
# cp SYS_UBOOT /usr/mdec/rbootd
# chmod -R a+rX /usr/mdec/rbootd
Create
/etc/rbootd.conf
with the following line:
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC SYS_UBOOT
You will need to start the rbootd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD1.5 or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rbootd restart
dhcpd(8)
The bootstrap program uses DHCP to discover the location of the kernel.
Put the following lines in your
/etc/dhcpd.conf
(see
dhcpd.conf(5)
and
dhcp-options(5)
for more information):
ddns-update-style none;
# Do not use any dynamic DNS features
#
allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server
# will act as a bootp server.
#
authoritative; # master DHCP server for this subnet
#
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# Which network interface to listen on.
# The zeros indicate the range of addresses
# that are allowed to connect.
}
group {
# Set of parameters common to all clients
# in this "group".
#
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name "test.net";
option domain-name-servers dns.test.net;
option routers router.test.net;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
#
# An individual client.
#
host client.test.net {
hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC;
fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
#
# Name of the host (if the fixed address
# doesn't resolve to a simple name).
#
option host-name "client";
#
# The path on the NFS server.
#
option root-path "/export/client/root";
}
#you may paste another "host" entry here for additional
#clients on this network
}
You will need to make sure that the
dhcpd.leases
file exists.
# touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases
You will need to start the dhcpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD1.5 or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart
nfsd(8),
mountd(8),
and
rpcbind(8)
Now your system should be able to load the bootstrap program and start looking for the kernel. Let's set up the NFS server. Create the directory you are exporting for the netboot client:
# mkdir -p /export/client/root
Put the following line in
/etc/exports
to enable NFS sharing:
/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net
If your server is currently running an NFS server, you only need to
restart
mountd(8).
Otherwise, you need to start
rpcbind(8)
and
nfsd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD1.5
or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rpcbind start
# /etc/rc.d/nfsd start
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
Now, if you place a kernel named
netbsd
in
/export/client/root
your client should boot the kernel.
If you are netbooting the installer, you can use either
the traditional miniroot-based installer
installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz
or the experimental RAM disk-based installer
binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz.
To use the miniroot-based installer, mount the miniroot file system on your netboot server. This procedure does not work on any operating system other than NetBSD. You'll also need to either set up a new NFS share point or an FTP server for the distribution files, as they won't fit inside the miniroot file system.
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# vnconfig -c /dev/vnd0c /path/to/miniroot.fs
# mount -o ro /dev/vnd0c /export/client/root
# ls /export/client/root
.profile dist/ install.md mnt/ sbin/ usr/
bin/ etc/ install.sub mnt2/ tmp/ var/
dev/ install* kern/ netbsd* upgrade*
If there are no files present in your exported directory, then something is wrong.
To use the RAM disk-based installer, uncompress and rename the kernel. Also, copy the distribution files to the client's root directory.
# cp *tgz /export/client/root
# gunzip netbsd.RAMDISK.gz
# mv netbsd.RAMDISK /export/client/root/netbsd
If you are running your hp300 diskless, simply use
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz.
You can skip this step if you do not plan to run your client diskless after installation. Otherwise, you need to extract and set up the client's installation of NetBSD. The Diskless HOW-TO describes how to provide better security and save space on the NFS server over the procedure listed here. http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/nfs.html
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/base.tgz
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/etc.tgz
Continue with the other non-essential distribution sets if desired.
# mkdir /export/client/root/swap
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/export/client/swap bs=4k count=4k
# echo '/export/client/swap -maproot=root:wheel client.test.net' | cat >> /etc/exports
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
# cd /export/client/root/dev
# ./MAKEDEV all
This procedure only works on NetBSD hosts.
fstab(5)
Create a file in
/export/client/root/etc/fstab
with the following lines:
server:/export/client/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap
server:/export/client/root / nfs rw 0 0
rc.conf(5)
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/rc.conf
rc_configured=YES
hostname="client"
defaultroute="192.168.1.1"
nfs_client=YES
auto_ifconfig=NO
net_interfaces=""
Make sure rc does not reconfigure the network device since it will lose its connection to the NFS server with your root file system.
hosts(5)
file.
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/hosts
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.10 client.test.net client
192.168.1.5 server.test.net server
If you want
these services to start up every time you boot
your server, make sure the following lines are present in your
/etc/rc.conf:
rbootd=YES rbootd_flags=""
dhcpd=YES dhcpd_flags="-q"
nfs_server=YES # enable server daemons
mountd=YES
rpcbind=YES rpcbind_flags="-l" # -l logs libwrap
HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode'.
If, when you power on your machine, it does
not
present a menu like the following, then you need to change your
configuration.
Copyright 1990,
Hewlett-Packard Company.
All Rights Reserved.
BOOTROM Series 400 Rev. 1.1
MD12 REV 1.2 1990/08/07.14:27:08
[...]
RETURN
to get the Domain boot prompt
>).
H
to get a list of available commands.
HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode'.
> CF
Type [key] RETURN ? 2
Type [key] RETURN ? 2
Type T or P RETURN ? P
Type [key] RETURN ? E
At any time after it recognizes the keyboard, while it is doing its self
test or searching for a bootable system, you can hit reset to return it to
a cold-boot configuration.
On HIL keybaords, this is
control-shift-break,
where
break
is the key in the upper left (where
escape is on sane keyboards).
There is no equivalent over serial terminal,
you'll need to power-cycle your machine.
After it beeps (i.e. recognizes the HIL keyboard), press
RETURN
twice to get the list of bootable devices.
SEARCHING FOR A SYSTEM (RETURN To Pause)
The newer HP Boot ROM, present on Series 400 machines and some of the
later 300s (345, 375, 380, 382, 385) is capable of a little bit more.
To select which device to boot from, press
RETURN
once after it beeps twice (i.e. recognizes the HIL keyboard) to get the
list of bootable devices.
RESET To Power-Up, SPACE clears input Select System, type RETURN ?
The FAQ lists additional things you can do with the BootROM and describes the order the BootROM looks for bootable devices. http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hp300/faq.html
A normal power-on sequence (from a 400s) looks something like this:
Copyright 1990,
Hewlett-Packard Company.
All Rights Reserved.
BOOTROM Series 400 Rev. 1.1
MD12 REV 1.2 1990/08/07.14:27:08
MC68030 Processor
MC68882 Coprocessor
Configuration EEPROM
Utility Chip at 41
HP-HIL.Keyboard
RESET To Power-Up
Loading Memory
Self-Test Mode
RESET To Power-Up, SPACE clears input
Select System, type RETURN
HP-IB
DMA-C0
Self-Test Mode
RAM 33554158 Bytes
HP98644 (RS-232) at 9
HP PARALLEL at 12
HP98265 (SCSI S 32) at 14
HP98643 (LAN) at 21, AUI, 080009115DB3
Bit Mapped Video at 133 (Console)
System Search Mode
:RODIME RO3000T, 1406, 0
1Z SYS_UBOOT
:LAN080009115DB3, 2100, 0
2Z SYS_UBOOT
:HP7959, 702, 0, 0
1H SYSHPUX
1D SYSDEBUG
1B SYSBCKUP
:HP9122, 0700, 0, 0
3Z SYS_INST
You should see your bootstrap program somewhere in this list.
If it's not here, then your hp300 can't boot it and there's a problem somewhere.
To boot from a particular device, type in the two character name for it
and press
RETURN.
In this example, you'd type
2Z
to boot from the network.
HP98643 (LAN) at 21, AUI
HP98643 (LAN) at 21, Thin
If the wrong type of network is selected, you will need to change the ethernet port. You will need to open the case (4XXt, 4XXdl, 4XXe) or remove the motherboard (4XXs) to access the jumper. Be sure to use static-prevention measures, as you could easily fry your motherboard from carelessness. If you are uncomfortable with this, ask a friend who is aware of these issues. There is a block of 8 jumpers at the rear of the motherboard, labeled AUI/Thin. You will need to put the jumpers in the position necessary for your type of ethernet.
Chose
SYS_INST
from the list of bootable devices that the BootROM found.
SYS_INST
will load and prompt you for a command.
A quick note about disk numbers:
While in the
SYS_INST
program, you may use different unit numbers for the disks than when the
NetBSD
kernel is running.
The unit number for a disk while in
SYS_INST
is calculated with the following formula:
unit = (controller * 8) + slaveID
Controllers are numbered 0, 1, ... starting with the lowest select code. SCSI controllers and HP-IB controllers are counted separately. Therefore, if you had a system with an internal HP-IB interface at select code 7, a fast HP-IB interface at select code 14, and a SCSI interface at select code 16, unit numbers might be something like the following:
| Location | Unit | |
| HP-IB at 7, slaveID 2 | 2 | (disk: rd2) |
| HP-IB at 14, slaveID 5 | 13 | (disk: rd13) |
| SCSI at 16, slaveID 0 | 0 | (disk: sd0) |
You will need to place a disklabel on the disk.
sys_inst> disklabel
Select the edit option, and answer the questions about your disk. There may be several questions which you may not be sure of the answers to. Listed below are guidelines for SCSI and HP-IB disks:
| Bad sectoring? | NO |
| Ecc? | NO |
| Interleave? | 1 |
| Trackskew? | 0 |
| Cylinderskew? | 0 |
| Headswitch? | 0 |
| Track-to-track? | 0 |
| Drivedata 0-4? | 0 (for all Drivedata values) |
Next, you will be asked to fill out the partition map.
You must provide responses for all 8 partitions.
Remember, you must have the sector offset for the
`b'
partition match the location you dumped the miniroot file system image.
Set the size and
offset of any unused partition to 0.
Note that sizes and offsets are expressed in
`n sectors',
assuming 512 byte sectors.
Care should be taken
to ensure that partitions begin and end on cylinder boundaries (i.e. size
and offset is an even multiple of the number of sectors per cylinder).
While this is not technically necessary, it is generally encouraged.
b'
partition, make sure to
specify it as an
ffs
partition so that the miniroot can be mounted (even
if this will be a swap partition).
You will be given a chance to clean
this up later in the installation process.
Once you have edited the label, select the show option to verify that it is correct. If so, select write and done. Otherwise, you may re-edit the label.
In an earlier step, we already copied the miniroot image to the target disk.
Boot from the miniroot file system.
sys_inst> boot
Enter the disk from which to boot. The kernel in the miniroot file system will be booted into single-user mode.
SYS_UBOOT
has started, it will pause and let you chose a kernel location, name, and
options:
>> NetBSD/hp300 Primary Boot, Revision 1.13
>> (gregm@mcgarry, Mon Apr 15 08:46:32 NZST 2002)
>> HP 9000/425e SPU
>> Enter "reset" to reset system.
Boot: [[[le0a:]netbsd][-a][-c][-d][-s][-v][-q]] :-
If your kernel is on a different device than
SYS_UBOOT
then you will need to type in where to find it.
This is the case, for
example, if your model is incapable of netbooting and you started
SYS_UBOOT
from a floppy, and the miniroot installer is on a netboot server.
In this case, you'd type in
`le0'
at the prompt.
If you've installed the miniroot on your disk, you can always boot from
that by using partition
`b'
when prompted by
SYS_UBOOT.
For example, to boot the miniroot from an HP-IB disk on controller 0 at
slave ID 2, you'd type:
Boot: [[[rd0a:]netbsd][-a][-c][-d][-s][-v][-q]] :- rd2b:netbsd
The miniroot's install program is very simple to use.
It will guide you through the entire process, and is well automated.
If you need to restart the installer, hit
Control-C
which will return you to a shell prompt.
From there, just start it over:
# ./install
The experimental RAM disk-based installer is not described here, but is very self-explanatory.
The miniroot's install program will:
fstype: 4.2BSD
fsize: 1024
bsize: 4096
cpg: 16
If the partition will be a swap partition, use the following:
fstype: swap
fsize: 0 (or blank)
bsize: 0 (or blank)
cpg: 0 (or blank)
You will also need to specify the number of partitions.
The number of partitions is determined by the
`index'
of
the last partition letter, where
a
=
1,
b
=
2,
etc.
Therefore, if the last filled partition is partition
`g',
there are 7 partitions.
Any partitions with size of 0 may be removed from the list.
Anything after a
`#'
is a comment.
The following is an example disklabel partition map:
7 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
a: 30912 448 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 1 - 69)
b: 130816 31360 swap # (Cyl. 70 - 361)
c: 1296512 0 boot # (Cyl. 0 - 2893)
e: 81984 162176 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 362 - 544)
f: 102592 244160 4.2BSD 1024 4096 16 # (Cyl. 545 - 773)
g: 949760 346752 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 774 - 2893)
foo
instead of
foo.bar.org.
If, during the process of configuring
the network interfaces, you make a mistake, you will
be able to re-configure that interface by simply selecting
it for configuration again.
/etc/fstab.
/).
/dev.
/).
First-time installation on a system through a method other than the
installation program is possible, but strongly discouraged.
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state, with the most important ones described below.
/etc/rc.conf
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
usually will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and with the root file system
(/)
mounted read-only.
When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt.
If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
hp300h
for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console.
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory.
You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file.
Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
If your
/usr
directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use
ed,
you will have to mount your
/usr
partition to gain access to
ex
or
vi.
Do the following:
# mount /usr
# export TERM=hp300h
If you have
/var
on a separate partition, you need to repeat that step for it.
After that, you can edit
/etc/rc.conf
with
vi(1).
When you have finished, type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
Other values that need to be set in
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname
and possibly
defaultroute,
furthermore add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_le0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
Other files in
/etc
that may require modification or setting up include
/etc/mailer.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf,
and
/etc/wscons.conf.
After reboot, you can log in as
root
at the login prompt.
Unless you've set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password.
If you're using the machine in a networked environment,
you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
you can just press
RETURN
when it prompts for
Terminal type? [...].
Use the
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system;
do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly.
See
useradd(8)
for more information on how to add a new user to the system.
If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc
for information.
Also, you may want to read through the
NetBSD/hp300
FAQ entry on X11.
http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/faq.html#x11
Don't forget to add
/usr/X11R6/bin
to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system. This automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD, retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software may depend, and simplifies installation (and deinstallation), both from source and precompiled binaries.
1.6.2/hp300/All
subdir.
You can install them with the following commands:
# PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/1.6.2/hp300/All # export PKG_PATH # pkg_add -v tcsh # pkg_add -v apache # pkg_add -v perl ...
The above commands will install the tcsh shell, the Apache web server and the perl programming language as well as all the packages they depend on.
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine), with the commands:
# mkdir /usr/pkgsrc
#( cd /usr/pkgsrc ; tar -zxpf - ) < pkgsrc.tar.gz
After extracting, then see the
README
file in the extraction directory (e.g.
/usr/pkgsrc/README)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place.
Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
file will almost definitely need to be adjusted;
files aiding in this can be found in
/usr/share/sendmail.
See the
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
is likely to give you more information on these files.
It is possible to easily upgrade your existing NetBSD/hp300 system using the upgrade program in the miniroot or by manually performing the same steps as the miniroot upgrade program.
In particular, make sure you have on your locally mounted file systems
base.tgz
and
miniroot.fs.gz
Follow the instructions in the section above on
Chosing a kernel location
and type
-s
at the prompt.
Make sure you install the bootstrap program distributed with this version of NetBSD/hp300.
# tar -xpvzf base.tgz ./usr/mdec
# disklabel -B -b ./usr/mdec/uboot.lif root-disk
sd0
or
rd0.
We'll assume
rd0
for now.
First make sure that your
`b'
partition has enough room for the uncompressed miniroot (otherwise it
might overwrite another partition or the end of the disk).
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rd0b
Follow the instructions in the section above on
Chosing a kernel location
and type
rd0b:netbsd
at the prompt.
The upgrade program will:
/etc/fstab,
changing the occurrences of
ufs
to
ffs
and let you edit the resulting file.
/dev.
/).
Make sure you install the bootstrap program distributed with this version of NetBSD/hp300.
# tar -xpvzf base.tgz ./usr/mdec
# disklabel -B -b ./usr/mdec/uboot.lif root-disk
sd0
or
rd0.
# /sbin/fsck -pf
# /sbin/mount -a -t nonfs
/usr
or
/usr/share
on an NFS server, you will want to mount those file systems as well.
To do this, you will need to enable the network:
# sh /etc/rc.d/network start
/)
and extract
the
base
binary set:
# cd /
# pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/base.tgz
# sync
# cd /
# pax -zrvpe -f path_to_set
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD1.6.2.
mkdir /tmp/upgrade
cd /tmp/upgrade
pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz
./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check
./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix
Issues fixed by postinstall:
/etc
need upgrading.
These include:
/etc/defaults/*
/etc/mtree/*
/etc/daily
/etc/weekly
/etc/monthly
/etc/security
/etc/rc.subr
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.shutdown
/etc/rc.d/*
/etc/rc.d/NETWORK
and
/etc/rc.d/gated.
rc.conf(5)
entries are now obsolete:
amd_master,
ip6forwarding,
defcorename,
and
nfsiod_flags.
critical_filesystems_beforenet
has been replaced by
critical_filesystems_local.
critical_filesystems
has been replaced by
critical_filesystems_remote.
ssh(1)
and
sshd(8)
were moved from
/etc
to
/etc/ssh,
including
ssh_known_hosts*
files and the
host key files
ssh_host*_key*.
/etc/ssh.conf
was renamed to
/etc/ssh/ssh_config,
and
/etc/sshd.conf
was renamed to
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.
wscons.conf(5)
are now obsolete.
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
postfix(8)
configuration files require upgrading.
cd /usr/share/examples/postfix
cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix
postfix check
/etc/ifconfig.de*
to
/etc/ifconfig.tlp*,
renaming of
rc.conf(5)
entries
ifconfig_de*
to
ifconfig_tlp*,
and the reconfiguration of files such as
/etc/dhclient.conf
and
/etc/ipf.conf.
/etc/rc
modified to use
/etc/rc.d/*
Prior to
NetBSD1.5,
/etc/rc
was a traditional
BSD
style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from
/etc/rc
and
/etc/netstart
has been moved into separate scripts in
/etc/rc.d/.
At system startup,
/etc/rc
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
and then executes each script in turn with an argument of
`start'.
Many
rc.d
scripts won't start unless the appropriate
rc.conf(5)
entry in
/etc/rc.conf
is set to
`YES.'
At system shutdown,
/etc/rc.shutdown
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
that have a
``KEYWORD: shutdown''
line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn
with an argument of
`stop'.
The following scripts support a specific shutdown method:
cron,
inetd,
local,
and
xdm.
Local and third-party scripts may be installed into
/etc/rc.d
as necessary.
Refer to the other scripts in that directory and
rc(8)
for more information on implementing
rc.d
scripts.
named(8)
leaks version information.
Previous releases of
NetBSD
disabled a feature of
named(8)
where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients.
This feature has not been disabled in
NetBSD1.5,
because there is a
named.conf(5)
option to change the version string:
option {
version "newstring";
};
sysctl(8)
was moved from
/usr/sbin/sysctl
to
/sbin/sysctl.
If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname
(in shell scripts, for example)
please be sure to update those.
sendmail(8)
configuration file pathname changed.
Due to
sendmail(8)
upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x,
/etc/sendmail.cf
is moved to
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf.
Also, the default
sendmail.cf(5)
refers different pathnames than before.
For example,
/etc/aliases
is now located at
/etc/mail/aliases,
/etc/sendmail.cw
is now called
/etc/mail/local-host-names,
and so forth.
If you have customized
sendmail.cf(5)
and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations.
See
/usr/share/sendmail/README
for more information.
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropros(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man[ section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
# man passwd
to read the documentation for
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word
where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@netbsd.org. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@netbsd.org.
To report bugs, use the
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to:
netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org.
Use of
send-pr(1)
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
NetBSD
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit http://www.netbsd.org/MailingLists/. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-help@netbsd.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
Mike Hibler Rick Macklem Jan-Simon Pendry Chris Torek
for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done.
Steve Allen Jason Birnschein Mason Loring Bliss Jason Brazile Mark Brinicombe David Brownlee Simon Burge Dave Burgess Ralph Campbell Brian Carlstrom James Chacon Bill Coldwell Charles Conn Tom Coulter Charles D. Cranor Christopher G. Demetriou Scott Ellis Hubert Feyrer Castor Fu Greg Gingerich William Gnadt Michael Graff Guenther Grau Ross Harvey Charles M. Hannum Michael L. Hitch Kenneth Alan Hornstein Jordan K. Hubbard Søren Jørvang Scott Kaplan Noah M. Keiserman Harald Koerfgen John Kohl Chris Legrow Ted Lemon Norman R. McBride Neil J. McRae Perry E. Metzger Luke Mewburn Toru Nishimura Herb Peyerl Mike Price Dave Rand Michael Richardson Heiko W. Rupp Brad Salai Chuck Silvers Thor Lancelot Simon Bill Sommerfeld Paul Southworth Eric and Rosemary Spahr Ted Spradley Kimmo Suominen Jason R. Thorpe Steve Wadlow Krister Walfridsson Rob Windsor Jim Wise Reinoud Zandijk Christos Zoulas
AboveNet Communications, Inc. Advanced System Products, Inc. Avalon Computer Systems Bay Area Internet Solutions Brains Corporation, Japan Canada Connect Corporation Co-operative Research Centre for Enterprise Distributed Systems Technology Demon Internet, UK Digital Equipment Corporation Distributed Processing Technology Easynet, UK Free Hardware Foundation Innovation Development Enterprises of America Internet Software Consortium MS Macro System GmbH, Germany Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center Piermont Information Systems Inc. Precedence Technologies Ltd Salient Systems Inc. VMC Harald Frank, Germany Warped Communications, Inc. Whitecross Database Systems Ltd.
(in alphabetical order)
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.