About this Document............................................1
Dedication.....................................................2
What is NetBSD?................................................2
Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6.2...................................2
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6.1 and 1.6.2 Releases............3
Kernel......................................................3
Networking..................................................3
Security....................................................4
System administration and user tools........................4
Miscellaneous...............................................4
next68k specific............................................4
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6 and 1.6.1 Releases..............4
Kernel......................................................5
Networking..................................................5
File system.................................................6
Security....................................................6
System administration and user tools........................6
Miscellaneous...............................................6
Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases................7
Kernel......................................................7
Networking..................................................7
File system.................................................8
Security....................................................8
System administration and user tools........................9
Miscellaneous...............................................9
The Future of NetBSD..........................................10
Sources of NetBSD.............................................11
NetBSD 1.6.2 Release Contents.................................11
NetBSD/next68k subdirectory structure......................12
Binary distribution sets...................................13
NetBSD/next68k System Requirements and Supported Devices......14
Supported hardware.........................................14
Unsupported hardware.......................................15
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................15
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................15
Get to the ROM Monitor prompt..............................15
Change the configuration parameters to netboot.............15
Installing the NetBSD System..................................16
Post installation steps.......................................20
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................22
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............22
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5................22
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior.......23
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................24
Administrivia.................................................24
Thanks go to..................................................25
We are........................................................27
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................31
The End.......................................................34
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD1.6.2
on the
next68k
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
The NetBSD Foundation would like to dedicate the NetBSD 1.6.2 release to the memory of Erik Reid, who went missing and is presumed dead in a sailing accident on 18 February 2004. Erik's contributions to NetBSD included work on support for SGI MIPS R4000, integrating XFree86 Direct Rendering Interface (DRI), and managing the build lab. His death came as a shock, and he will be greatly missed by all of us. May he rest in peace.
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across eleven distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD1.6.2 release contains complete binary releases for thirty eight different system architectures. (The fifteen remaining are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.netbsd.org/.)
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.
NetBSD1.6.2 is an upgrade of NetBSD1.6.1 and earlier major and patch releases of NetBSD.
The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from after the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated by version identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc. These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes in internal kernel APIs. Note that the kernel from NetBSD 1.6 can not be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development versions. Trying to use the NetBSD 1.6 kernel on such a system will probably result in problems.
Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version'' comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent in 1.6. The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository. The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started, and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development trunk.
The NetBSD1.6.2 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over nine months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.2 release. Some highlights include:
pciide(4),
make Promise controllers do DMA with large disks
requiring 48-bit LBA drives.
pciide(4).
mlx(4)
stability improved.
pciide(4).
userconf(4)
for more information.
wdc(4)
to work with pre-ATA drives.
rtk(4)
multicast problem fixed.
fxp(4)
support yet a few more chip variants.
tulip(4)
driver fixed so that the DEC Alpha PWS no longer panics.
bce(4)
driver added for Broadcom BCM4401 chipset, as seen in recent
Dell laptops.
vi(1)
triggered by an error was fixed.
scsictl(8)
now supports a few new commands.
And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue.
The NetBSD1.6.1 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, patches and updates to kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over seven months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.1 release. Some highlights include:
aac(4).
audio(4),
dpt(4),
eap(4),
emuxki(4),
iop(4),
siop(4)
and
umass(4).
pciide(4)
support has been extended to support Promise
Ultra133TX2, Promise Ultra133TX2v2, HighPoint HPT372, Ultra/133
on VIA VT8233A, and the VIA VT8235.
tlp(4)
and
xi(4)
drivers.
pcn(4)
driver.
rtk(4)
now supports Planex FNW-3603 cardbus ethernet card.
ex(4)
multicast handling has been fixed.
wi(4)
now supports Netgear MA401RA card.
wm(4)
now supports more chip variants.
aue(4)
now supports SMC 2206USB/ETH EZ Connect adapter.
sip(4)
now has some Tx interrupt mitigation code, and improved
support for 64-bit DP83820 cards.
fxp(4)
driver has been improved for better support of
certain i82558 revisions, and has been fixed to recognize
some more chips.
bge(4)
driver.
ftpd(8)
interoperability bugs have been fixed.
mopd(8)
fixes to make the program load correctly.
pppoe(4)
bugs have been fixed.
ffs(4)
soft dependencies handling have been incorporated.
amd(8).
fsck(8)
bugs have been fixed.
named(8)
and the libc resolver.
file(1)
have been fixed.
tar(1)
has been fixed.
user(8)
has seen several fixes, some of them related to MD5 and
blowfish password encryption support.
And of course there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements. You can look for this trend to continue.
The NetBSD1.6 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of development that went into the NetBSD1.6.2 release. Some highlights include:
scsipi(9).
userconf(4),
activated with the
-c
boot loader flag.
ehci(4)
host controller.
irframe(4)
IrDA frame level driver.
Serial dongles and the
oboe(4)
driver are currently supported.
INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE
in
options(4)
for more information.
sysctl(8).
vlan(4).
ndbootd(8)
added;
used to netboot
NetBSD/sun2
machines.
racoon(8)
added;
IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project.
ifconfig(8)
and
awi(4)
driver.
wi(4)
and
wiconfig(8)
now support scanning for access points,
and defaults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode.
bridge(4).
pppoe(4).
ifwatchd(8)
added;
invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down.
Used by
pppoe(4).
dump(8),
dumpfs(8),
fsck_ffs(8),
fsirand(8),
newfs(8),
and
tunefs(8)
support a
-F
option to manipulate file system images in regular files.
makefs(8)
added;
creates file system images from a directory tree.
(Currently ffs only.)
newfs(8)
calculates default block size from the file system size,
and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if
-c
isn't given.
dpti(4)
driver added;
an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface.
Allows the use of the Linux versions of
dptmgr,
raidutil,
dptelog,
(etc).
chroot(8)
hierarchy for services including
named(8),
ntpd(8),
and
sshd(8).
passwd(5)
ciphers:
MD5, and
DES with more encryption rounds.
See
passwd.conf(5).
/etc/security
performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors
changes.
See
security.conf(5).
sushi(8)
added;
a menu based system administration tool.
pgrep(1)
and
pkill(1)
added;
find or signal processes by name or other attributes.
etcupdate(8)
script which helps updating the
/etc
config files interactively, and the
/etc/postinstall
script which is provided to check for or fix configuration changes
that have occurred in
NetBSD.
stat(1)
added;
a user interface to the information returned by the
stat(2)
system call.
sort(1)
replaces
GNU
sort(1).
rc.d(8)
scripts waits until the service terminates before returning.
This improves the reliability of
``restart''
operations as well.
swapoff
in
rc.conf(5).
rc.shutdown(8)
after the number of seconds provided in
rcshutdown_timeout
from
rc.conf(5).
src/build.sh
is available for doing arbitrary cross-builds; see
src/BUILDING
for more information.
At least 38 ports for the
NetBSD1.6.2
release were cross-built on a
NetBSD/i386
system using this mechanism.
agp(4)
for faster access to graphics boards.
init(8)
will create an mfs (memory based file system)
/dev
if
/dev/console
is missing.
vmstat(8)
displays kernel hash statistics with
-H
and
-h hash.
wscons(4)
supports blanking of VGA consoles.
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue.
This is the third major release of NetBSD for the NeXT series of computers.
The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.
The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
NetBSD
users, because it is for
and because of them that
NetBSD
exists.
Refer to
http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html.
The root directory of the NetBSD1.6.2 release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-1.6.2/
CHANGESLAST_MINUTEMIRRORSREADME.filesTODOpatches/source/
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
NetBSD1.6.2
has a binary distribution.
There are also
README.export-control
files sprinkled liberally throughout the
distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the
distribution that may be subject to
export regulations of the United States, e.g.
code under
src/crypto
and
src/sys/crypto.
It is your responsibility
to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions
and to act accordingly.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(8);
and
dbsym(8).
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
#( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) < set_name.tgz
The
sets/Split/
subdirectory contains split
versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the
source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution.
The split sets are named
set_name.xx
where
set_name
is the distribution set name, and
xx
is the sequence number of the file,
starting with
``aa''
for the first file in the distribution set, then
``ab''
for the next, and so on.
All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly
240,640 bytes long.
(The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data
for that distribution set.)
The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with cat as follows:
# cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
BSDSUMCKSUMMD5SYSVSUMThe MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files.
next68k
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-1.6.2/next68k/
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gzsets/installation/misc/next68k/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD1.6.2
distribution tree, and are as follows:
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
/usr/share.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 3.3.6. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The next68k binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
This utility is used only in a Traditional method installation.
NetBSD/next68k 1.6.2 will run on the 25 MHz 68040-based NeXT workstations. The Turbo (33 MHz) models are not supported. The 68030 model is not supported. NetBSD/next68k 1.6.2 does not have any local disk support, so you must netboot and run diskless.
The minimum configuration requires 4 MB of RAM and a network server capable of netbooting NetBSD/next68k. Serial consoles are poorly supported by the hardware, see the FAQ for help. Typically it is just easier to use the NeXT monitor and keyboard. http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/next68k/faq.html
Because NetBSD/next68k must run diskless, the distribution must be installed to a remote machine that NFS exports to the NeXT machine. As a result, there is no automated install procedure. Begin by retrieving the NetBSD set files onto the serving machine. These can be found at ftp.netbsd.org. You may want to keep the following information handy:
IP Address: ftp.netbsd.org
Login: anonymous
Password: <your e-mail address>
Server path: /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/next68k/binary/sets
COMMAND-`
keys (the backquote is above 7 on the keypad on the right of the keyboard).
You should see a prompt like this:
NeXT ROM Monitor 2.5 (v66)
CPU MC68040 25 MHz, memory 100 nS
Backplane slot #0
Ethernet address: 0:0:f:0:fb:90
Memory size 40 MB
NeXT>
Write down the ethernet address. You will need this later to configure the netboot server for your NetBSD/next68k system.
p
key to modify the configuration parameters.
You will need to change the
boot command
to
en()netbsd
which is to boot from the
en()
ethernet device the kernel named
netbsd.
You should wite down what the original
boot command
was in case you wish to boot
NEXTSTEP
in the future.
It will probably be
sd().
While modifying the parameters, you may wish to set the system to use
verbose test mode
which will print detailed messages while it is attempting to load the
kernel, as opposed to the normal graphic of a network cable.
You should not set the
extended diagnostics
as the system will try to boot a diagnostic kernel.
Here is an example configuration session:
NeXT> p
boot command: sd()? en()netbsd
DRAM tests: yes? yes
perform power-on system test: yes? yes
sound out tests: yes? yes
SCSI tests: yes? yes
loop until keypress: no? no
verbose test mode: no? yes
boot extended diagnostics: no? no
serial port A is alternate console: no? yes
allow any ROM command even if password protected: no? no
allow boot from any device even if password protected: no? no
allow optical drive #0 eject even if password protected: yes? yes
enable parity cehcking if parity memory is present: no? no
Now, whenever you reset or power on your system, it will attempt to netboot.
From the ROM Monitor prompt, you can simply type
b
to netboot.
You can also press the power key (above the arrows) to turn off the system.
To netboot a next68k, you must configure one or more servers to provide
information and files to your next68k (the
`client ).'
If you are using
NetBSD
(any architecture) on your netboot server(s), the information
provided here should be sufficient to configure everything.
Additionally, you may wish to look at the
diskless(8)
manual page and the manual pages for each daemon you'll be configuring.
If the server(s) are another operating system, you should consult the
NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
configure the netboot services on a variety of platforms.
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
Briefly, the netboot
process involves discovery, bootstrap, kernel and file system stages.
In the first stage, the client discovers information
about where to find the bootstrap program.
Next, it downloads and executes the bootstrap program.
The bootstrap program goes through another discovery phase to determine
where the kernel is located.
The bootstrap program tries to mount the NFS share containing the kernel.
Once the kernel is loaded, it starts executing.
The
kernel tries to mount the NFS share that had the kernel and starts
executing
init(8).
All next68k systems use BOOTP for the discovery stage.
TFTP is used in the bootstrap phase to download
the bootstrap program,
boot.
NFS is used in both the kernel and file system stages to download the
kernel, and to access files on the file server.
We will use
`CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
machine.
You should have determined this address in an earlier stage.
In this example, we will use
`192.168.1.10'
as the IP address of your client and
`client.test.net'
as its name.
We will assume you're providing all of your netboot services
on one machine called
`server.test.net'
with the client's files exported from the directory
/export/client/root.
You should, of course, replace all of these with the names, addresses,
and paths appropriate to your environment.
You should set up each netboot stage in order (i.e. discovery, bootstrap, kernel, and then file system) so that you can test them as you proceed.
dhcpd(8)
in
bootpd(8)
compatible mode
Put the following lines in your
/etc/dhcpd.conf
(see
dhcpd.conf(5)
and
dhcp-options(5)
for more information):
ddns-update-style none;
# Do not use any dynamic DNS features
#
allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server
# will act as a bootp server.
#
authoritative; # master DHCP server for this subnet
#
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# Which network interface to listen on.
# The zeros indicate the range of addresses
# that are allowed to connect.
}
group {
# Set of parameters common to all clients
# in this "group".
#
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name "test.net";
option domain-name-servers dns.test.net;
option routers router.test.net;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
#
# An individual client.
#
host client.test.net {
hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC;
fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
#
# Name of the host (if the fixed address
# doesn't resolve to a simple name).
#
option host-name "client";
#
# Name of the bootloader or kernel
# to download via tftp.
#
filename "boot";
#
# The path on the NFS server.
#
option root-path "/export/client/root";
#
#next68k machines require non-RFC1048 BOOTP
#
always-reply-rfc1048 false;
}
#you may paste another "host" entry here for additional
#clients on this network
}
You will need to make sure that the
dhcpd.leases
file exists.
# touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases
You will need to start the dhcpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD1.5 or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart
tftpd(8)
The default configuration of the TFTP server is to run in a
chroot(8)
environment in the
/tftpboot
directory.
Thus, the first order of business is to create this directory:
# mkdir -p /tftpboot
Next, edit
/etc/inetd.conf
and uncomment the line with the TFTP daemon:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /tftpboot
Now, restart
inetd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD1.5
or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/inetd restart
Now, you need to copy the bootloader for your next68k machine to
/tftpboot.
Get
base.tgz
from the
binary/sets
directory of the distribution and extract
boot
from it.
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/base.tgz ./usr/mdec/boot
# cp usr/mdec/boot /tftpboot
# chmod -R a+rX /tftpboot
Sometimes, the
arp(8)
table gets messed up, and the TFTP server can't communicate with the
client.
In this case, it will write a log message (via
syslogd(8))
to
/var/log/messages
saying:
`tftpd: write: Host is down'.
If this is the case, you may need to force the server to map your client's
ethernet address to its IP address:
# arp -s client CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
nfsd(8),
mountd(8),
and
rpcbind(8)
Now your system should be able to load the bootstrap program and start looking for the kernel. Let's set up the NFS server. Create the directory you are exporting for the netboot client:
# mkdir -p /export/client/root
Put the following line in
/etc/exports
to enable NFS sharing:
/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net
If your server is currently running an NFS server, you only need to
restart
mountd(8).
Otherwise, you need to start
rpcbind(8)
and
nfsd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD1.5
or later, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rpcbind start
# /etc/rc.d/nfsd start
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
Now, if you place a kernel named
netbsd
in
/export/client/root
your client should boot the kernel.
Use
binary/kernel/netbsd.GENERIC.gz.
# gunzip netbsd.GENERIC.gz
# mv netbsd.GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd
You need to extract and set up the client's installation of NetBSD. The Diskless HOW-TO describes how to provide better security and save space on the NFS server over the procedure listed here. http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/nfs.html
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/base.tgz
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/etc.tgz
Continue with the other non-essential distribution sets if desired.
# mkdir /export/client/root/swap
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/export/client/swap bs=4k count=4k
# echo '/export/client/swap -maproot=root:wheel client.test.net' | cat >> /etc/exports
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
# cd /export/client/root/dev
# ./MAKEDEV all
This procedure only works on NetBSD hosts.
fstab(5)
Create a file in
/export/client/root/etc/fstab
with the following lines:
server:/export/client/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap
server:/export/client/root / nfs rw 0 0
rc.conf(5)
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/rc.conf
rc_configured=YES
hostname="client"
defaultroute="192.168.1.1"
nfs_client=YES
auto_ifconfig=NO
net_interfaces=""
Make sure rc does not reconfigure the network device since it will lose its connection to the NFS server with your root file system.
hosts(5)
file.
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/hosts
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.10 client.test.net client
192.168.1.5 server.test.net server
You need
these services to start up every time you boot
your server, make sure the following lines are present in your
/etc/rc.conf:
dhcpd=YES dhcpd_flags="-q"
nfs_server=YES # enable server daemons
mountd=YES
rpcbind=YES rpcbind_flags="-l" # -l logs libwrap
Also, you'll need to make sure the
tftpd
line in
/etc/inetd.conf
remains uncommented.
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state, with the most important ones described below.
/etc/rc.conf
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
usually will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and with the root file system
(/)
mounted read-only.
When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt.
If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
vt220
(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory.
You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file.
Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
If your
/usr
directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use
ed,
you will have to mount your
/usr
partition to gain access to
ex
or
vi.
Do the following:
# mount /usr
# export TERM=vt220
If you have
/var
on a separate partition, you need to repeat that step for it.
After that, you can edit
/etc/rc.conf
with
vi(1).
When you have finished, type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
Other values that need to be set in
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname
and possibly
defaultroute,
furthermore add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_xe0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_xe0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
Other files in
/etc
that may require modification or setting up include
/etc/mailer.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf,
and
/etc/wscons.conf.
After reboot, you can log in as
root
at the login prompt.
Unless you've set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password.
If you're using the machine in a networked environment,
you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
you can just press
RETURN
when it prompts for
Terminal type? [...].
Use the
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system;
do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly.
See
useradd(8)
for more information on how to add a new user to the system.
Don't forget to add
/usr/X11R6/bin
to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system. This automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD, retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software may depend, and simplifies installation (and deinstallation), both from source and precompiled binaries.
1.6.2/next68k/All
subdir.
You can install them with the following commands:
# PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/1.6.2/next68k/All # export PKG_PATH # pkg_add -v tcsh # pkg_add -v apache # pkg_add -v perl ...
The above commands will install the tcsh shell, the Apache web server and the perl programming language as well as all the packages they depend on.
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine), with the commands:
# mkdir /usr/pkgsrc
#( cd /usr/pkgsrc ; tar -zxpf - ) < pkgsrc.tar.gz
After extracting, then see the
README
file in the extraction directory (e.g.
/usr/pkgsrc/README)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place.
Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
file will almost definitely need to be adjusted;
files aiding in this can be found in
/usr/share/sendmail.
See the
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
is likely to give you more information on these files.
NetBSD/next68k
does not currently support an upgrade procedure.
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD1.6.2.
mkdir /tmp/upgrade
cd /tmp/upgrade
pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz
./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check
./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix
Issues fixed by postinstall:
/etc
need upgrading.
These include:
/etc/defaults/*
/etc/mtree/*
/etc/daily
/etc/weekly
/etc/monthly
/etc/security
/etc/rc.subr
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.shutdown
/etc/rc.d/*
/etc/rc.d/NETWORK
and
/etc/rc.d/gated.
rc.conf(5)
entries are now obsolete:
amd_master,
ip6forwarding,
defcorename,
and
nfsiod_flags.
critical_filesystems_beforenet
has been replaced by
critical_filesystems_local.
critical_filesystems
has been replaced by
critical_filesystems_remote.
ssh(1)
and
sshd(8)
were moved from
/etc
to
/etc/ssh,
including
ssh_known_hosts*
files and the
host key files
ssh_host*_key*.
/etc/ssh.conf
was renamed to
/etc/ssh/ssh_config,
and
/etc/sshd.conf
was renamed to
/etc/ssh/sshd_config.
wscons.conf(5)
are now obsolete.
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
postfix(8)
configuration files require upgrading.
cd /usr/share/examples/postfix
cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix
postfix check
/etc/ifconfig.de*
to
/etc/ifconfig.tlp*,
renaming of
rc.conf(5)
entries
ifconfig_de*
to
ifconfig_tlp*,
and the reconfiguration of files such as
/etc/dhclient.conf
and
/etc/ipf.conf.
/etc/rc
modified to use
/etc/rc.d/*
Prior to
NetBSD1.5,
/etc/rc
was a traditional
BSD
style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from
/etc/rc
and
/etc/netstart
has been moved into separate scripts in
/etc/rc.d/.
At system startup,
/etc/rc
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
and then executes each script in turn with an argument of
`start'.
Many
rc.d
scripts won't start unless the appropriate
rc.conf(5)
entry in
/etc/rc.conf
is set to
`YES.'
At system shutdown,
/etc/rc.shutdown
uses
rcorder(8)
to build a dependency list of the files in
/etc/rc.d
that have a
``KEYWORD: shutdown''
line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn
with an argument of
`stop'.
The following scripts support a specific shutdown method:
cron,
inetd,
local,
and
xdm.
Local and third-party scripts may be installed into
/etc/rc.d
as necessary.
Refer to the other scripts in that directory and
rc(8)
for more information on implementing
rc.d
scripts.
named(8)
leaks version information.
Previous releases of
NetBSD
disabled a feature of
named(8)
where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients.
This feature has not been disabled in
NetBSD1.5,
because there is a
named.conf(5)
option to change the version string:
option {
version "newstring";
};
sysctl(8)
was moved from
/usr/sbin/sysctl
to
/sbin/sysctl.
If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname
(in shell scripts, for example)
please be sure to update those.
sendmail(8)
configuration file pathname changed.
Due to
sendmail(8)
upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x,
/etc/sendmail.cf
is moved to
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf.
Also, the default
sendmail.cf(5)
refers different pathnames than before.
For example,
/etc/aliases
is now located at
/etc/mail/aliases,
/etc/sendmail.cw
is now called
/etc/mail/local-host-names,
and so forth.
If you have customized
sendmail.cf(5)
and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations.
See
/usr/share/sendmail/README
for more information.
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropros(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man[ section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
# man passwd
to read the documentation for
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word
where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@netbsd.org. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@netbsd.org.
To report bugs, use the
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to:
netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org.
Use of
send-pr(1)
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
NetBSD
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit http://www.netbsd.org/MailingLists/. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-help@netbsd.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
Mike Hibler Rick Macklem Jan-Simon Pendry Chris Torek
for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done.
Steve Allen Jason Birnschein Mason Loring Bliss Jason Brazile Mark Brinicombe David Brownlee Simon Burge Dave Burgess Ralph Campbell Brian Carlstrom James Chacon Bill Coldwell Charles Conn Tom Coulter Charles D. Cranor Christopher G. Demetriou Scott Ellis Hubert Feyrer Castor Fu Greg Gingerich William Gnadt Michael Graff Guenther Grau Ross Harvey Charles M. Hannum Michael L. Hitch Kenneth Alan Hornstein Jordan K. Hubbard Søren Jørvang Scott Kaplan Noah M. Keiserman Harald Koerfgen John Kohl Chris Legrow Ted Lemon Norman R. McBride Neil J. McRae Perry E. Metzger Luke Mewburn Toru Nishimura Herb Peyerl Mike Price Dave Rand Michael Richardson Heiko W. Rupp Brad Salai Chuck Silvers Thor Lancelot Simon Bill Sommerfeld Paul Southworth Eric and Rosemary Spahr Ted Spradley Kimmo Suominen Jason R. Thorpe Steve Wadlow Krister Walfridsson Rob Windsor Jim Wise Reinoud Zandijk Christos Zoulas
AboveNet Communications, Inc. Advanced System Products, Inc. Avalon Computer Systems Bay Area Internet Solutions Brains Corporation, Japan Canada Connect Corporation Co-operative Research Centre for Enterprise Distributed Systems Technology Demon Internet, UK Digital Equipment Corporation Distributed Processing Technology Easynet, UK Free Hardware Foundation Innovation Development Enterprises of America Internet Software Consortium MS Macro System GmbH, Germany Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center Piermont Information Systems Inc. Precedence Technologies Ltd Salient Systems Inc. VMC Harald Frank, Germany Warped Communications, Inc. Whitecross Database Systems Ltd.
(in alphabetical order)
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.