About this Document............................................2
Quick install notes for the impatient..........................3
What is NetBSD?................................................3
Changes Between The NetBSD 4.0 release and 4.0.1 update........4
Security Advisories Fixes...................................4
Other Security Fixes........................................5
Networking..................................................5
Libraries...................................................5
Drivers.....................................................5
Miscellaneous...............................................5
Platforms specific..........................................6
Changes Between The NetBSD 3.0 and 4.0 Releases................6
Networking..................................................6
File systems................................................7
Drivers.....................................................7
Platforms...................................................9
Kernel subsystems..........................................10
Security...................................................11
Userland...................................................11
Components removed from NetBSD.............................13
The Future of NetBSD..........................................14
Sources of NetBSD.............................................14
NetBSD 4.0.1 Release Contents.................................14
NetBSD/sparc64 subdirectory structure......................16
Binary distribution sets...................................16
NetBSD/sparc64 System Requirements and Supported Devices......18
Supported machines.........................................18
Unsupported machines.......................................18
Supported devices..........................................18
Unsupported devices........................................20
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................20
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................22
Deciding on partition sizes................................22
Setting up Open Firmware...................................22
Determining how to boot from an SBUS or PCI................23
Configuration of network interfaces........................24
Installing the NetBSD System..................................24
Installing NetBSD from CDROM...............................25
Installing NetBSD by using the NetBSD miniroot.............25
Installing NetBSD by using a NetBSD kernel on a............26
Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup.................26
Running the sysinst installation program...................31
Introduction............................................31
General.................................................31
Quick install...........................................31
Booting NetBSD..........................................32
Network configuration...................................33
Installation drive selection and parameters.............33
Partitioning the disk...................................33
Preparing your hard disk................................34
Getting the distribution sets...........................34
Installation using ftp..................................34
Installation using NFS..................................34
Installation from CD-ROM................................35
Installation from an unmounted file system..............35
Installation from a local directory.....................35
Extracting the distribution sets........................35
Ensure you have the correct kernel installed............35
Finalizing your installation............................36
Manual Installation of NetBSD using Solaris................36
Preparing the disk in Solaris...........................36
Installing NetBSD Software from Solaris.................37
Creating NetBSD Device Nodes under Solaris..............38
Configuring the NetBSD system from Solaris..............38
Booting NetBSD for the first time.............................38
Post installation steps.......................................38
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................41
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............42
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 2.1 and older......42
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 3.x releases.......42
Issues with GDB 6.5...........................................43
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................43
Administrivia.................................................44
Thanks go to..................................................45
We are........................................................45
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................51
The End.......................................................57
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD
4.0.1 on the
sparc64
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to install NetBSD 4.0.1 on a machine of the sparc64 architecture.
sparc64cd-4.0.1.iso
or the installation kernel and bootloader,
sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz and sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot
which can be booted from a
Solaris
or
NetBSD
partition.
Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is
covered below, in detail.
sparc64/binary/sets/
directory.
When you boot the install
CD-ROM or installation kernel,
the installation program
can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp),
if you have a network connection.
There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
your machine.
You will at a minimum need
the following sets:
kern-GENERIC.tgz,
base.tgz
and
etc.tgz.
In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
all the installation sets.
The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation kernel, which contains all the tools required to install NetBSD.
STOP-A
keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console.
At the
``ok''
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
NetBSD.
The command to boot from CD is:
``boot cdrom''.
The command to boot the
NetBSD
kernel from a
Solaris
or
NetBSD
partition depends on which disk and partition it is on.
To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk:
``boot disk:a /ofwboot -a''.
When it asks you for a kernel, specify
``netbsd-INSTALL.gz''
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on fifty four different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across fifteen distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 4.0.1 release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. Please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.NetBSD.org/ for information on them.)
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.
The NetBSD 4.0.1 update is the first security/critical update of the NetBSD 4.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons.
These fixes will also appear in future releases (NetBSD 4.1), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements.
The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-4.0.1: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/CHANGES-4.0.1 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 4.0.1 release tree.
bzip2(1)
Multiple issues (CVE-2008-1372 and CVE-2005-0953),
has been fixed by upgrading bzip2 to 1.0.5.
strfmon(3)
function (CVE-2008-1391),
has been fixed.
query-source'
statement, which could allow the BIND cache poisoning attack,
has been commented out in the default
named.conf(5)
file.
racoon(8)
(CVE-2008-3652), has been fixed by upgrading ipsec-tools to release 0.7.1.
Note this also fixes CVE-2008-3651.
ftpd(8)
(CVE-2008-4247), has been fixed.
tcpdump(8):
Fix CVE-2007-1218, CVE-2007-3798 and CAN-2005-1278 in base-tcpdump.
machfb(4),
voodoofb(4):
Introduce two missing KAUTH_GENERIC_ISSUSER check in the
mmap(2)
code.
rc.d(8)
script for
amd(8)
not to shutdown gracefully since it seems to cause problems for more people
than the old (also broken) behavior.
ftpd(8):
Fix and reorganize PAM support.
fxp(4):
Fix random pool corruption and hangup problems.
wd(4):
Handle more LBA48 bug quirks on some Hitachi's SATA/IDE drives.
awk(1):
Bring back an accidentally removed fix to allow escape of a newline
in string literals.
gcc(1):
zgrep(1):
Make
`-h'
option
(suppress filenames on output when multiple files are searched)
actually work.
copyinstr(9)
and
copyoutstr(9).
locore.s
which causes unexpected behavior.
copyin(9)
function on parsing syscall args.
The NetBSD 4.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
It is impossible to completely summarize more than a year of development that went into the NetBSD 4.0 release. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0/CHANGES and CHANGES-4.0: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0/CHANGES-4.0 files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 4.0 release tree. Some highlights include:
agr(4):
new pseudo-device driver for link level aggregation.
gre(4)
tunnels and the
tun(4)
device.
ndiscvt(8).
options(4)
and
in_getifa(9).
wpa_supplicant(8)
and
wpa_cli(8).
Utilities to connect and handle aspects of 802.11 WPA networks.
hostapd(8).
An authenticator for IEEE 802.11 networks.
carp(4):
imported Common Address Redundancy Protocol to allow multiple hosts to share a set of IP addresses for high availability / redundancy, from OpenBSD.
etherip(4):
new EtherIP tunneling device. It's able to tunnel Ethernet traffic over IPv4 and IPv6 using the EtherIP protocol specified in RFC 3378.
ftpd(8)
can now run in standalone mode, instead of from
inetd(8).
tftp(1)
now has support for multicast TFTP operation in open-loop mode, server is in progress.
tcp(4):
added support for RFC 3465 Appropriate Byte Counting (ABC) and Explicit Congestion Notification as defined in RFC 3168.
scan_ffs(8),
scan_lfs(8):
utilities to find FFSv1/v2 and LFS partitions to recover lost disklabels on disks and image files.
mount_tmpfs(8).
mount_udf(8).
Read-only for now.
vnd(4):
the vnode disk driver can be used on filesystems such as smbfs and tmpfs.
newfs_sysvbfs(8)
and
mount_sysvbfs(8).
auich(4):
added support to handle the AC'97 modem as audio device, enabled with the kernel option
``AUICH_ATTACH_MODEM''
azalia(4):
added support for S/PDIF.
amdpm(4):
added support for the i2c bus on the AMD-8111 used on many Opteron motherboards and for the Analog Devices ADT7464 hardware monitor chip.
adt7467c(4):
new driver for Analog Devices ADT7467 and ADM1030 hardware monitor chips.
ipmi(4):
new driver for motherboards implementing the Intelligent Platform Management Interface 1.5 or 2.0, from OpenBSD.
it(4):
new driver for iTE 8705F/8712F and SiS 950 hardware monitors.
lm(4)
driver was rewritten and support for more chips was added, for example for Winbond W83627HF, W83627THF, W83627DHG and Asus AS99127F.
owtemp(4):
new driver for the 1-Wire temperature sensors.
tmp121temp(4):
new driver for the Texas Instruments TMP121 temperature sensor.
ug(4):
new driver for Abit uGuru hardware monitor found on newer Abit motherboards.
geodewdog(4):
new AMD Geode SC1100 Watchdog Timer driver.
gscpcib(4):
new AMD Geode SC1100 PCI-ISA bridge that provides support for the GPIO interface.
ath(4):
updated HALs with support for WiSOC (AR531x) and 32bit SPARC.
bge(4):
added support for the following chips: BCM5753, BCM5753M, BCM5715, BCM5754, BCM5755 and BCM5787. Numerous improvements and bugfixes were made too.
kse(4):
new driver for Micrel KSZ8842/8841 PCI network cards.
msk(4):
new driver for Marvell Yukon 2 GigE PCI network cards, from OpenBSD.
nfe(4):
new driver for NVIDIA nForce Ethernet network cards, from OpenBSD.
ral(4):
new 802.11 driver for PCI/Cardbus Ralink RT2500, RT2501, RT2600, RT2661 and RT2500 USB chipsets, from OpenBSD.
rum(4):
new 802.11 driver for USB Ralink RT2501 and RT2601 chipsets, from OpenBSD.
sip(4):
now works on sparc64.
tlp(4):
added support for ASIX AX88140A and AX88141.
vr(4):
added support for the VIA Rhine III.
wm(4):
added support for i8003, ICH8, ICH9 and others. Support for IPv6 Rx TCP/UDP Checksum Offloading and more.
wpi(4):
new driver for Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG PCI 802.11 network cards, from OpenBSD.
glxsb(4):
new driver for the AMD Geode LX AES Security Block that provides random numbers and AES acceleration, from OpenBSD.
options(4)
for more information.
options(4)
for more information.
ahcisata(4):
new driver for AHCI 1.0 and 1.1 compliant SATA controllers.
ataraid(4):
added support to handle Adaptec HostRAID and VIA V-Tech software RAID.
ciss(4):
new driver for HP/Compaq 5th+ generation Smart ARRAY controllers, from OpenBSD.
fdc(4):
added support for SBus based sparc64 machines and fixed formatting on sparc.
gcscide(4):
new driver for the AMD Geode CS5535 Companion Device IDE controller.
jmide(4):
new driver for JMicron Technology JMB36x PCIe to SATA II/PATA controllers.
mfi(4):
new driver for LSI Logic and Dell MegaRAID SAS controllers, from OpenBSD.
mpt(4):
added support for newer SAS and similar devices.
njata(4):
new driver for Workbit NinjaATA-32 CardBus IDE controller.
pdcsata(4):
added support for the Promise PDC20775, PDC20771, PDC40518, PDC40718 and some bugfixes.
piixide(4):
added support for some ICH8/ICH8-M/ICH9 IDE and SATA controllers.
svwsata(4):
new driver for Serverworks K2 SATA controllers, from OpenBSD.
viaide(4)
added support for the VIA VT8237A SATA controller and AMD CS5536 Companion Device IDE Controller.
ucycom(4):
new driver for Cypress microcontroller based serial devices.
uipaq(4):
new driver for the iPAQ devices.
uslsa(4):
new driver for Silicon Labs CP210x series serial adapters.
utoppy(4):
new driver for the Topfield TF5000PVR range of digital video recorders.
vesafb(4):
added new framebuffer driver that supports VESA BIOS (VBE) 2.0 extensions and up.
teliosio(4)
driver for the Sharp Telios LCD screen and Battery unit.
midi(4)
framework got a complete overhaul for better support of Active Sensing and improved handling of tempo and timebase changes.
ubt(4)
for USB controllers, and
bt3c(4)
for the 3Com Bluetooth PC-Card.
See
bluetooth(4),
bthset(1)
and
btpin(1).
bio(4)
framework from OpenBSD, to query/control block hardware RAID device controllers. Currently supporting the
mfi(4)
driver.
dkctl(8)
can be used to switch buffer queuing strategies on the fly on
wd(4)
disks, see also
bufq(9).
fileassoc(9)
is used by Veriexec, it adds in-kernel and file-system independent file meta-data association interface.
firmload(9):
an API for loading firmware images used by various hardware devices.
gpio(4):
imported General Purpose I/O framework from OpenBSD.
onewire(4):
imported Dallas Semiconductor 1-wire bus framework from OpenBSD.
proplib(3)
protocol was added for sending property lists to/from the kernel using ioctls.
spi(4):
new SPI (Serial Peripherial Interface) framework.
timecounter(9)
adds a new time-keeping infrastructure along with NTP API 4 nanokernel implementation. Almost all platforms were changed to support this API.
wscons(4)
console driver supports splash screens, scrolling, progress bar for kernel and boot messages.
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue.
fast_ipsec(4)
for more information.
mprotect(2)
got restrictions to enforce W^X policies, from PaX. See
options(4),
sysctl(3),
and
paxctl(1).
security(8).
kauth(9)
was added, replacing the traditional BSD credential management and privileged operation access control with an abstract layer, allowing the implementation of various security models either as part of the NetBSD distribution or as third-party LKMs.
NetBSD's kernel authorization is a hybrid clean-room implementation of a similar interface developed by Apple, extending its capabilities and combining concepts of credential inheritance control.
cdplay(1):
added digital transfer mode support.
cksum(1)
can now verify checksums.
csplit(1):
new utility that splits a file into pieces. From FreeBSD/OpenBSD.
identd(1):
added support for forwarding ident queries and receiving of proxied ident queries.
getent(1):
added support for the ethers database.
gkermit(1):
new program for transferring files using the Kermit protocol.
mail(1):
added support for Mime and multi-character set handling, command line editing and completion.
utoppya(1):
new utility to interface to the
utoppy(4)
driver.
init(8):
added support for running multi-user in a chroot() environment. Allows / file system on e.g.,
cgd(4),
vnd(4)
or
ccd(4)
volumes.
gpt(8):
new GUID partition table maintenance utility, from FreeBSD.
iscsi-target(8);
Initiator (client) code is underway.
lockstat(8):
new command to display a summary of kernel locking events recorded over the lifetime of a called program.
ofctl(8):
new command to display the OpenPROM or OpenFirmware device tree for the macppc, shark and sparc64.
btconfig(8)
for controller configuration.
btdevctl(8)
to manage pseudo devices relating to remote services.
bthcid(8)
and
btpin(1)
for authenticating radio connections.
sdpd(8)
for providing service discovery to remote devices.
sdpquery(1)
for querying services on remote devices.
rfcomm_sppd(1)
to access remote services over RFCOMM via stdio or pty.
bthset(1)
for making connections to Bluetooth headsets.
Besides this list, there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements of course.
In this release of NetBSD, some software components known from previous releases were removed from the system. In some cases those were components that are not useful anymore or their utility does not justify maintenance overhead. Other components were not working properly and there was lack of interest in fixing them.
raid(4),
raidctl(8),
and the
NetBSD Guide:
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-rf.html.
sendmail(1)
command line tool. Postfix has been included with NetBSD since NetBSD 1.5 was released in December 2005. Details about Postfix can be found in the
NetBSD Guide:
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-mail.html.
For those who need Sendmail, it is available from pkgsrc in the
mail/sendmail
and
mail/sendmail813
packages.
net/uucp
package. The
cu(1)
command is available as a frontend to
tip(1).
lang/gcc3-f77
package.
The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.
The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:
We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
NetBSD
users, because it is for
and because of them that
NetBSD
exists.
Refer to
http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/.
The root directory of the NetBSD 4.0.1 release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-4.0.1/
CHANGESCHANGES-4.0CHANGES-4.0.1CHANGES.prevLAST_MINUTEMIRRORSREADME.filesTODOpatches/source/In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 4.0.1 has a binary distribution.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(1);
and
dbsym(8).
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
# cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
BSDSUMCKSUMMD5SHA512SYSVSUMThe SHA512 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the MD5 digest, and finally the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of systems can check the integrity of the release files.
sparc64
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-4.0.1/sparc64/.
It contains the following files and directories:
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gznetbsd-INSTALL.gzsets/installation/miniroot/misc/netboot/sparc64/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD
4.0.1
distribution tree.
binary/sets.
Be sure to use the 32 bit sparc
kern-GENERIC_SUN4U.tgz
kernel distribution. Otherwise, continue to follow the sparc64 installation
procedure, not the sparc instructions.
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
/usr/share.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 4.5.0. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The sparc64 binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
This utility is used only in a Traditional method installation.
Not all of the machines listed here have been tested. Often Sun will use the same motherboard design in multiple models. For example, they'll release a Blade ("workstation") model, Enterprise or Fire ("server") model, and Netra or ft ("telco") model with essentially the same devices, as far as NetBSD is concerned. If one model in this scheme works, it is highly likely another will work.
Sun has also released a few models with names that might imply the systems are UltraSPARC-based but actually have an i386 class CPU. These systems might be supported by the i386 port of NetBSD. See the following site for more info on what system boards are in which models. http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/Devices/System_Board/SYSBD_TOC.html (requires a SunSolve login with a valid Sun Service Plan)
There are a large number of untested PCI drivers that have never been tested on UltraSPARC PCI systems that may `just work'.
Note that if you are installing or upgrading from a writable media, the media can be write-protected if you wish. These systems mount a root image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media. If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the drive after the system has booted.
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
sparc/binary/sets/kern-GENERIC_SUN4U.tgz
to
kern-GENERIC.tgz
since the sparc64 installation tools would otherwise attempt to install the
kernel for 32-bit sparc computers which does not boot on sparc64 systems.
binary/sets
and
sparc64/binary/sets.
Proceed to the instruction on installation.
split(1)
command, running e.g.
split -b 235k base.tgz base.
to split the
base.tgz
file from
sparc64/binary/sets
into files named
base.aa,
base.ab,
and so on.
Repeat this for all
set_name.tgz
files, splitting them into
set_name.xx
files.
Count the number of
set_name.xx
files that make up the
distribution sets you want to install or upgrade.
You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies.
Format all of the floppies with
MS-DOS.
Do
not
make any of them bootable
MS-DOS
floppies, i.e. don't use
format /s
to format them.
(If the floppies are bootable, then the
MS-DOS
system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you
won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.)
If you're using floppies that are formatted for
MS-DOS
by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use
them out of the box.
Place all of the
set_name.xx
files on the
MS-DOS
disks.
Once you have the files on MS-DOS disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
204.152.190.13
and the IPv6 address is
2001:4f8:4:7:230:48ff:fe31:43f2
(as of December, 2007).
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
/etc/exports
file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like:
# tar -cf tape_device dist_directories
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using; possibly
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example,
dist_directories
are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
kern-GENERIC, base, and etc
distributions on tape (in
order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-4.0.1
# cd sparc64/binary
# tar -cf tape_device kern-GENERIC base etc
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
disklabel(8)
writes partition info that
Solaris
is not familiar with. Therefore, if you are sharing a disk with
Solaris,
any time you change a partition table, you must do it from
Solaris.
Assuming a classic partition scheme with
/
(root) and
/usr
file systems, a comfortable size for the
NetBSD
/
partition is about 100 MB.
A full binary installation including X11R6 takes nearly 350 MB in
/usr.
Since the pkgsrc binaries are typically installed in
/usr/pkg
you may want a significantly larger
/usr
partition.
A good initial size for the swap partition is the amount of physical
memory in your machine, if you've got more than 128 MB RAM. If you've got
less RAM, you may want swap to be at least 128 MB.
STOP
key (sometimes called the
L1
key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
a
key will halt your system and give you the
``ok''
prompt. If you are using a serial console, send a
``BREAK''
signal from your terminal (the method of sending
``BREAK''
varies from terminal to terminal).
If the ethernet address of your sparc64 system is
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
(check with the Open Firmware
``banner''
command),
then your NVRAM battery is dead and you will have trouble using
ethernet (among other problems). Read the Sun NVRAM/Hostid FAQ.
http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/sun-nvram-hostid.faq.html
If you have a valid ethernet address and you plan to netboot, write down your system's ethernet address.
You cannot use the security modes of the SPARC OpenFirmware.
ok setenv security-mode none
If you are using a serial console, the NetBSD/sparc64 installer defaults to using 9600 bps, 8N1 settings. You may want to configure your system and serial terminal like this prior to booting the installer. Additionally, a new installation of NetBSD/sparc64 will default to these settings as well.
SCSI devices are specified by an Open Firmware devalias which provides simple mnemonics for the full path to the device. Type devalias to get a list of all of the available aliases. At a minimum, the alias and partition are necessary when booting.
Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive one would use:
ok boot disk:b
To boot from a CD-ROM (Open Firmware assumes SCSI CD-ROMs are at target 6), one would use:
ok boot cdrom
And, to boot from a kernel named
netbsd-GENERIC
on the fourth partition (
`d',
often the
/usr
partition) on an external SCSI hard drive (target 2, partition 3), one
would use:
ok boot disk2:d netbsd-GENERIC
If you get ``.... Fast Data MMU Miss'' when booting after the NetBSD installation, your OpenBoot PROM may need updating. It has been reported that version 3.31 lead to a successful boot on an Ultra Enterprise 420R, while version 3.23 did not. Exact values may vary, depending on your hardware, current OpenBoot PROM version and moon phase.
ok'
prompt. First `cd' to the top of the device tree and list the
nodes there. The following is the procedure to boot from an IDE card in
an UltraSPARC 30.
ok cd /
ok ls
f006cf08 SUNW,ffb@1e,0
f006c32c SUNW,UltraSPARC-II@0,0
f006002c counter-timer@1f,1c00
f005f410 pci@1f,2000
f005eb54 pci@1f,4000
f004cf84 virtual-memory
f004c9a4 memory@0,0
f002ce38 aliases
f002cdc8 options
f002cc90 openprom
f002cc24 chosen
f002cbb4 packages
ok cd pci@1f,4000
ok ls
f0081524 ide@2
f007be50 scsi@3
f0074688 network@1,1
f0060324 ebus@1
ok cd ide@2
ok ls
0081fe4 cdrom
f0081938 disk
ok cd disk
ok ls
ok pwd
/pci@1f,4000/ide@2/disk
ok words
close load write read seek
open write-blocks read-blocks max-transfer
block-size dma-free dma-alloc spin-down spin-up
So, when it's time to type in a boot command, use the shortened version of the pwd command. You need to be more specific if there are two devices with the same name (in this case, two /pci entries). In this example, you'd type:
ok boot /pci@1f,4000/ide/disk@0,0
ok nvalias wd0 /pci@1f,4000/ide/disk@0,0:a
And when the kernel is done booting, it may not automatically use your card as the root device -- you may need to type in the NetBSD/sparc64 name for that device:
root on sd0a dumps on sd0b
no file system for sd0 (dev 0x700)
cannot mount root, error = 79
root device (default sd0a): ?
use one of: hme0 sd0[a-h] wd0[a-h] halt
root device (default sd0a): wd0a
dump device: wd0a
file system (default generic): ffs
root on wd0a
le
driver supports automatic detection of the port which is actually connected to
the wire.
If automatic detection is not available or not working properly in your
environment, you may have to specify the type connection using the
media
parameter of
ifconfig(8).
During installation, you'll get the
opportunity to specify the appropriate medium.
Use
10base5/AUI
to select the AUI connector, or
10baseT/UTP
to select the UTP connector.
Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. The easiest way in terms of preliminary setup is to install from CDROM. If you don't have access to a CDROM or CDROM burner, you can use a miniroot image that can be booted off your local disk's swap partition. Alternatively, if your UltraSPARC is hooked up in a network you can find a server and arrange for a diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine whose disk does not currently hold a usable operating system (see the section Installing NetBSD by using a diskless setup below).
If you have problems with these or you are installing NetBSD onto the same disk as Solaris, see the section below on Manual Installation of NetBSD using Solaris
ok boot cdrom
This Open Firmware boot command will cause the NetBSD kernel contained in the CD-ROM to be booted. After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section Running the sysinst installation program below.
Loading the miniroot onto your raw partition is simple using the
dd(1)
command. Just remember to first uncompress the miniroot image and boot
your OS with the
-s
flag so that it runs
``single-user''
and does not attempt to start swapping.
ok boot -s
On Solaris you use a command like:
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1 bs=4k
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
or
/dev/rsd0b
with your swap partition.
After transferring the miniroot to disk, bring the system down by:
# halt
ok boot disk:b netbsd
sd0
use the correct
devalias,
such as
ok boot disk1:b netbsd
CAVEAT: this method is a bit fragile. Depending on physical partition layout, partition size, and parameters used to create the filesystem of your Solaris root partition, bugs in the bootloader might be triggered and cause this method to fail.
First, copy the
netbsd-INSTALL.gz
kernel and bootloader to the root level of your hard drive and halt your
system
# cp binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /
# cp installation/misc/ofwboot /
# halt
ok boot disk:a /ofwboot -a
-a
flag is needed so that the bootloader will ask you to find your
installation kernel.
Rebooting with command: boot disk:a /ofwboot -a
Boot device: /pci@1f,4000/scsi@3/disk@0,0:a File and args: /ofwboot -a
Enter filename [/ofwboot]: <return>
>> NetBSD/sparc64 OpenFirmware Boot, Revision 1.7
>> (autobuild@tgm.netbsd.org, Thu May 20 16:29:20 UTC 2004)
Boot: netbsd-INSTALL.gz
To netboot a sparc64, you must configure one or more servers to provide
information and files to your sparc64 (the
`client').
If you are using
NetBSD
(any architecture) on your netboot server(s), the information
provided here should be sufficient to configure everything.
Additionally, you may wish to look at the
diskless(8)
manual page and the manual pages for each daemon you'll be configuring.
If the server(s) are another operating system, you should consult the
NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
configure the netboot services on a variety of platforms.
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/
You may either netboot the installer so you can install onto a locally attached disk, or you may run your system entirely over the network.
Briefly, the netboot
process involves discovery, bootstrap, kernel and file system stages.
In the first stage, the client discovers information
about where to find the bootstrap program.
Next, it downloads and executes the bootstrap program.
The bootstrap program goes through another discovery phase to determine
where the kernel is located.
The bootstrap program tries to mount the NFS share containing the kernel.
Once the kernel is loaded, it starts executing.
For RAM disk kernels, it mounts the RAM disk file system and begins
executing the installer from the RAM disk.
For normal (non-RAM disk) kernels, the
kernel tries to mount the NFS share that had the kernel and starts
executing
the installation tools or
init(8).
All sparc64 systems use a combination of RARP and DHCP for the discovery stage.
TFTP is used in the bootstrap phase to download
the bootstrap program,
ofwboot.net,
which has been linked to a file name appropriate to the client's
IP address as described in the TFTP section below.
NFS is used in both the kernel and file system stages to download the
kernel, and to access files on the file server.
We will use
`CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
machine.
You should have determined this address in an earlier stage.
In this example, we will use
`192.168.1.10'
as the IP address of your client and
`client.test.net'
as its name.
We will assume you're providing all of your netboot services
on one machine called
`server.test.net'
with the client's files exported from the directory
/export/client/root.
You should, of course, replace all of these with the names, addresses,
and paths appropriate to your environment.
You should set up each netboot stage in order (i.e. discovery, bootstrap, kernel, and then file system) so that you can test them as you proceed.
dhcpd(8)
in
bootpd(8)
compatible mode
Put the following lines in your
/etc/dhcpd.conf
(see
dhcpd.conf(5)
and
dhcp-options(5)
for more information):
ddns-update-style none;
# Do not use any dynamic DNS features
#
allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server
# will act as a bootp server.
#
authoritative; # master DHCP server for this subnet
#
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# Which network interface to listen on.
# The zeros indicate the range of addresses
# that are allowed to connect.
}
group {
# Set of parameters common to all clients
# in this "group".
#
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name "test.net";
option domain-name-servers dns.test.net;
option routers router.test.net;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
#
# An individual client.
#
host client.test.net {
hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC;
fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
#
# Name of the host (if the fixed address
# doesn't resolve to a simple name).
#
option host-name "client";
#
# Name of the bootloader or kernel
# to download via tftp.
#
# The path on the NFS server.
#
option root-path "/export/client/root";
#
# If your DHCP server is not your NFS server, supply the
# address of the NFS server. Since we assume you run everything
# on one server, this is not needed.
#
# next-server server.test.net;
}
#you may paste another "host" entry here for additional
#clients on this network
}
You will need to make sure that the
dhcpd.leases
file exists.
# touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases
You will need to start the dhcpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart
rarpd(8)
Create an
/etc/ethers
file with the following line:
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC client
Add your client to the server's
/etc/hosts
file:
192.168.1.10 client
You will need to start the rarpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rarpd restart
tftpd(8)
The default configuration of the TFTP server is to run in a
chroot(8)
environment in the
/tftpboot
directory.
Thus, the first order of business is to create this directory:
# mkdir -p /tftpboot
Next, edit
/etc/inetd.conf
and uncomment the line with the TFTP daemon:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /tftpboot
Now, restart
inetd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD,
you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/inetd restart
Now, you need to copy the
bootloader
for your sparc64 machine to
/tftpboot.
Get
ofwboot.net
from the
installation/netboot
directory of the distribution.
# cp ofwboot.net /tftpboot
Now, you need to link
ofwboot.net
to the filename that your sparc64 will look for.
It will look for a filename composed of the machine's IP address
(in hexadecimal).
For example, a machine which has been assigned IP address
192.168.1.10, will make a TFTP request for
C0A8010A.
You can use
bc(1)
to help calculate the filename:
# bc
obase=16
192
C0
168
A8
1
1
10
A
quit
# cd /tftpboot
# ln -s ofwboot.net C0A8010A
Just to be sure, let's make everything readable.
# chmod -R a+rX /tftpboot
Sometimes, the
arp(8)
table gets messed up, and the TFTP server can't communicate with the
client.
In this case, it will write a log message (via
syslogd(8))
to
/var/log/messages
saying:
`tftpd: write: Host is down'.
If this is the case, you may need to force the server to map your client's
ethernet address to its IP address:
# arp -s client CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
nfsd(8),
mountd(8),
and
rpcbind(8)
Now your system should be able to load the bootstrap program and start looking for the kernel. Let's set up the NFS server. Create the directory you are exporting for the netboot client:
# mkdir -p /export/client/root
Put the following line in
/etc/exports
to enable NFS sharing:
/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net
If your server is currently running an NFS server, you only need to
restart
mountd(8).
Otherwise, you need to start
rpcbind(8)
and
nfsd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD,
you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rpcbind start
# /etc/rc.d/nfsd start
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
Now, if you place a kernel named
netbsd
in
/export/client/root
your client should boot the kernel.
Use
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz).
# gunzip netbsd-GENERIC.gz
# mv netbsd-GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd
If you are netbooting the installer, copy the distribution files to
the client's root directory and extract the tools from
installation/misc/instfs.tgz.
# cp *tgz /export/client/root
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf instfs.tgz
You can skip this step if you do not plan to run your client diskless after installation. Otherwise, you need to extract and set up the client's installation of NetBSD. The Diskless HOW-TO describes how to provide better security and save space on the NFS server over the procedure listed here. http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/nfs.html
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/base.tgz
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/etc.tgz
Continue with the other non-essential distribution sets if desired.
# mkdir /export/client/root/swap
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/export/client/swap bs=4k count=4k
# echo '/export/client/swap -maproot=root:wheel client.test.net' | cat >> /etc/exports
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
# cd /export/client/root/dev
# ./MAKEDEV all
This procedure only works on NetBSD hosts.
fstab(5)
Create a file in
/export/client/root/etc/fstab
with the following lines:
server:/export/client/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap
server:/export/client/root / nfs rw 0 0
rc.conf(5)
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/rc.conf
rc_configured=YES
hostname="client"
defaultroute="192.168.1.1"
nfs_client=YES
auto_ifconfig=NO
net_interfaces=""
Make sure rc does not reconfigure the network device since it will lose its connection to the NFS server with your root file system.
hosts(5)
file.
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/hosts
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.10 client.test.net client
192.168.1.5 server.test.net server
If you want
these services to start up every time you boot
your server, make sure the following lines are present in your
/etc/rc.conf:
dhcpd=YES dhcpd_flags="-q"
rarpd=YES rarpd_flags="-a"
nfs_server=YES # enable server daemons
mountd=YES
rpcbind=YES rpcbind_flags="-l" # -l logs libwrap
Also, you'll need to make sure the
tftpd
line in
/etc/inetd.conf
remains uncommented.
Now, netboot your system from the server by entering the appropriate boot command at the Open Firmware prompt.
ok boot net netbsd
Using sysinst, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. You still should read this document and have it in hand when doing the installation process. This document tries to be a good guideline for the installation and as such covers many details for the sake of completeness. Do not let this discourage you; the install program is not hard to use.
The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
getting
NetBSD
installed on your hard disk.
sysinst
is a menu driven
installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the
installation.
Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases
the default answer will be displayed in brackets
(``[ ]'')
after the question.
If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
CONTROL-C
at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
process again from scratch by running the
/sysinst
program from the command prompt.
It is not necessary to reboot.
First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of this document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instructions, skip to the next section. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example.
.***********************************************.
* NetBSD-4.0.1 Install System *
* *
*>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk *
* b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk *
* c: Re-install sets or install additional sets *
* d: Reboot the computer *
* e: Utility menu *
* x: Exit Install System *
.***********************************************.
WARNING: If you are installing onto a disk which you want to use with Solaris, stop here. You will need to perform a manual installation as sysinst overwrites the Solaris partition table. See the section on Manual Installation of NetBSD using Solaris
root,
and set a password for that account.
You are also advised to edit the file
/etc/rc.conf
to match your system needs.
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc.
Further information can be found on
http://www.xfree86.org/.
You may want to read the
boot messages, to notice your disk's name and capacity.
Its name will be something like
sd0
or
wd0
and the geometry will be
printed on a line that begins with its name.
As mentioned above, you may need your disk's geometry when creating
NetBSD's
partitions.
You will also need to know the name, to tell
sysinst
on which disk
to install.
The most important thing to know is that
wd0
is
NetBSD's
name for your first IDE disk,
wd1
the second, etc.
sd0
is your first SCSI disk,
sd1
the second, etc.
Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus.
If you will not use network operation during the installation, but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the Utility menu, and select the Configure network option. If you only want to temporarily use networking during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can give an empty response in reply to answers relating to this.
To start the installation, select Install NetBSD to hard disk from the main menu.
The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to
install
NetBSD.
sysinst
will report a list of disks it finds
and ask you for your selection.
Depending on how many disks are found, you may get a different message.
You should see disk names like
wd0,
wd1,
sd0
or
sd1.
You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, it will be checked if there are already other systems present on the disk, and you will be asked to confirm whether you want to overwrite these.
The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a disklabel. There are 4 layouts for the NetBSD part of the disk that you can pick from: Standard, Standard with X, Custom and Use Existing. The first two use a set of default values (that you can change) suitable for a normal installation, possibly including X. With the Custom option you can specify everything yourself. The last option uses the partition info already present on the disk.
You will be presented with the current layout of the NetBSD disklabel, and given a chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 4.2BSD. A swap partition has a special type called swap. Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose.
a/)
bcd-hg
is the partition mounted on
/usr,
but this is historical practice and not a fixed value.
You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response will be ok for most purposes. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and contains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name.
You are now at the point of no return.
Nothing has been
written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to
install
NetBSD,
your hard drive will be modified.
If you are sure you want to proceed, enter
yes
at the prompt.
The install program will now label your disk and make the file systems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Otherwise, you can continue the installation program after pressing the return key.
The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of sets, that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. A few sets must be installed for a working system, others are optional. At this point of the installation, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly.
For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available for extraction, and then do the actual installation. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sections describe each of those methods. After reading the one about the method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled `Extracting the distribution sets'.
To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure
your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of
the install procedure.
sysinst
will do this for you, asking you
if you want to use DHCP, and if not
to provide data like IP address, hostname, etc.
If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you
are installing on, you can just press
RETURN
in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.
You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use. If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to configure networking, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp server.
sysinst will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the remote site to your hard disk.
To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure
your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of
the install procedure.
sysinst
will do this for you, asking you
if you want to use DHCP, and if not
to provide data like IP address, hostname, etc.
If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you
are installing on, you can just press
RETURN
in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.
You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e. correctly exported to your machine.
If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to configure networking, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the NFS server.
When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify
the device name for your CD-ROM player
(usually cd0),
and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are.
sysinst will then check if the files are indeed available in the specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the sets.
In order to install from a local file system, you will
need to specify the device that the file system resides
on
(for example sd1e)
the type of the file system,
and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located.
sysinst
will then check if it
can indeed access the sets at that location.
This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a file system that is already accessible. sysinst will ask you for the name of this directory.
After the install sets containing the NetBSD distribution have been made available, you can either extract all the sets (a full installation), or only extract sets that you have selected. In the latter case, you will be shown the currently selected sets, and given the opportunity to select the sets you want. Some sets always need to be installed (kern, base, and etc) they will not be shown in this selection menu.
Before extraction begins, you can elect to watch the files being extracted; the name of each file that is extracted will be shown. This can slow down the installation process considerably, especially on machines with slow graphics consoles or serial consoles. Alternatively, you will be asked if you wish to have a progress bar. This is the preferred option as it shows progress without significantly slowing down the installation process.
After all the files have been extracted, all the necessary device node files will be created. If you have already configured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configuration files. The next menu will allow you to select the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC. Finally you will be asked to select a password encryption algorithm and can then set a password for the "root" account, to prevent the machine coming up without access restrictions.
If you are installing from the 32-bit sparc distribution set, make sure
that you installed the correct kernel. The sparc64 installation tools do not
by default copy the correct 32-bit kernel. Unless you prepared ahead of
time by renaming the
kern-GENERIC_SUN4U.tgz
to
kern-GENERIC.tgz
then you will need to follow the next few instructions.
Go to the main installation menu, and select
Utility menu
and then select the
Run /bin/sh
option, which will give you a shell prompt.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
Type the following command (replacing
wd0a
with the partition name of your destination root partition):
# mount /dev/wd0a /mnt
# cd /mnt
Now you ned to mount the location of your distribution sets:
# mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
# tar xpzvf /mnt2/sparc/binary/kernel/kern-GENERIC_SUN4U.tgz
# umount /mnt
# umount /mnt2
# exit
Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 4.0.1. You can now reboot the machine, and boot NetBSD from hard disk.
Skip down to the section on Booting NetBSD for the first time
You can use Solaris to prepare the NetBSD user-friendly installer or to perform a full manual installation of NetBSD. If you want to use the user-friendly miniroot installer or RAM disk installation kernel, follow the sections Installing NetBSD by using the NetBSD miniroot or Installing NetBSD by using a NetBSD kernel on a Solaris partition.
Manual installation from Solaris 10 is not possible because NetBSD cannot use the resulting UFS file system. It is possible to install Solaris 10 and NetBSD on the same disk. To do so, partition the disk with the Solaris format command, then boot NetBSD and perform a manual installation. Be careful not to write a NetBSD disklabel. Use the disklabel command to read the partition size, as constructed from the Solaris disklabel. By default the NetBSD newfs command writes a NetBSD disklabel. Avoid this by using the -F and -s arguments to newfs.
The first step is to format and label the disk that you would like to
use with
NetBSD.
This can be accomplished with the
format
command in Solaris, which allows you to partition a disk and write a
disklabel. It also is used to perform a low-level format on SCSI drives.
You will want to create a root partition and a swap partition.
Depending on your preferences, you may also wish to create separate
/usr or /var
partitions.
# /usr/sbin/format
Searching for disks...
Mode sense page(3) reports nsect value as 280, adjusting it to 218
done
c0t1d0: configured with capacity of 16.95GB
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t0d0 <SUN4.2G cyl 3880 alt 2 hd 16 sec 135>
/pci@1f,4000/scsi@3/sd@0,0
1. c0t1d0 <IBM-DXHS18Y-0430 cyl 8152 alt 2 hd 20 sec 218>
/pci@1f,4000/scsi@3/sd@1,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
selecting c0t1d0
[disk formatted]
Disk not labeled. Label it now? y
format> format
Ready to format. Formatting cannot be interrupted
and takes 114 minutes (estimated). Continue? y
Beginning format. The current time is Sat May 29 22:15:13 2004
Formatting...
done
Verifying media...
pass 0 - pattern = 0xc6dec6de
8151/19/208
pass 1 - pattern = 0x6db6db6d
8151/19/208
Total of 0 defective blocks repaired.
format> partition
partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 8152 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 60 129.86MB (61/0/0) 265960
1 swap wu 61 - 121 129.86MB (61/0/0) 265960
2 backup wu 0 - 8151 16.95GB (8152/0/0) 35542720
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 usr wm 122 - 8151 16.69GB (8030/0/0) 35010800
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y
partition> quit
format> quit
After your disk has been labeled you need to create file systems on
your slices.
The Solaris
newfs
command will create ffs file systems that can be used by
NetBSD.
# /usr/sbin/newfs /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0
# /usr/sbin/newfs /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s6
You should now mount your
NetBSD
root and
/usr
partitions under Solaris so that you can populate the file systems with
NetBSD
binaries.
# /usr/sbin/mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 /mnt
# mkdir /mnt/usr
# /usr/sbin/mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s6 /mnt/usr
Now extract the distribution file sets
# cd ~/netbsd/binary/sets
# gunzip *.tar.gz
# echo ~/netbsd/binary/sets/*.tar | (cd /mnt; xargs -n1 pax -rpe -f )
Now you should copy the
NetBSD
second stage bootloader into your new root partition and install the
bootblocks using Solaris's
installboot
command.
# cp ~/netbsd/installation/misc/ofwboot /mnt
# /usr/sbin/installboot ~/netbsd/installation/misc/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0
This is not a necessary step. If your
/dev
directory is empty,
init(8)
will create a RAM disk with all of the
essential device nodes each time the system boots. If you want to create
the device nodes on disk, you will need to use the Solaris
mknod
command. Look in
/dev/MAKEDEV
for the correct names, major and minor numbers, ownership, and
permissions.
To save effort, you may want to use your favorite Solaris editor
to configure some of the files in
/etc
before booting into
NetBSD
the first time. In particular, you should look at
/etc/fstab,
/etc/rc.conf,
/etc/resolv.conf,
and
/etc/hosts.
See the section below on
Post installation steps
before
Booting NetBSD for the first time.
Now it is time to boot NetBSD for the first time. You will boot from your disk using similar syntax as described above in Setting up Open Firmware and Determining how to boot from an SBUS or PCI card That is, boot from your first disk:
ok boot disk
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state, with the most important ones described below.
/etc/rc.conf
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
usually will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and with the root file system
(/)
mounted read-only.
When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt.
If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
sun
for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial
console (some systems display garbage with a
sun
terminal type, you may need to use
sun-ss5)
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory.
You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file.
Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
If your
/usr
directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use
ed,
you will have to mount your
/usr
partition to gain access to
ex
or
vi.
Do the following:
# mount /usr
# export TERM=sun
If you have
/var
on a separate partition, you need to repeat that step for it.
After that, you can edit
/etc/rc.conf
with
vi(1).
When you have finished, type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
Other values that need to be set in
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname
and possibly
defaultroute,
furthermore add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_hme0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_hme0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
Instead of manually configuring network and naming service,
DHCP can be used by setting
dhclient=YES
in
/etc/rc.conf.
Other files in
/etc
that may require modification or setting up include
/etc/mailer.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf,
and
/etc/wscons.conf.
If you are using a serial console, you will have to edit the
/etc/ttys
file and change
sun-ss5
to the appropriate terminal type, such as vt220.
After reboot, you can log in as
root
at the login prompt.
Unless you've set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password.
If you're using the machine in a networked environment,
you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via
ssh(1)).
One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different
user that belongs to group
``wheel''
(see
group(5))
and use
su(1)
to become root.
Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
you can just press
RETURN
when it prompts for
Terminal type? [...].
Use the
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system.
Do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly! See
vipw(8)
and
pwd_mkdb(8)
if you want to edit the password database.
If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc
for information.
Don't forget to add
/usr/X11R6/bin
to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system. This automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD, retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software may depend, and simplifies installation (and deinstallation), both from source and precompiled binaries.
sparc64/4.0/All
subdir.
You can install them with the following commands under
sh(1):
# PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/sparc64/4.0/All # export PKG_PATH # pkg_add -v tcsh # pkg_add -v bash # pkg_add -v perl # pkg_add -v apache # pkg_add -v kde # pkg_add -v firefox ...
If you are using
csh(1)
then replace the first two lines with the following:
# setenv PKG_PATH ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/sparc64/4.0/All ...
/pub/pkgsrc
directory.
If you would like to use such mirrors, you could also try the
/pub/NetBSD/packages/current-packages/NetBSD/sparc64/4.0/All
directory which may have the same contents.
The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shell, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on.
pkg_add(1)
command will complain about a version mismatch of packages with a message
like the following:
Warning: package `foo' was built for a different version of the OS:
NetBSD/i386 4.0 (pkg) vs. NetBSD/i386 4.0.1 (this host),
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine), with the commands:
# mkdir /usr/pkgsrc
# cd /usr/pkgsrc
# tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz
After extracting, see the
README
and
doc/pkgsrc.txt
files in the extraction directory (e.g.
/usr/pkgsrc/README)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place.
Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
file will almost definitely need to be adjusted.
If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using the
NetBSD
package system or by hand and adjust
/etc/mailer.conf.
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
is likely to give you more information on these files.
The upgrade to NetBSD 4.0.1 is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult to update the system from an earlier version by recompiling from source, primarily due to interdependencies in the various components.
To do the upgrade, you must boot from the installer kernel using one of
the methods described above.
You must also have at least the
base
and
kern
binary distribution sets available, so that you can upgrade with them,
using one of the upgrade methods described above.
Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the
new binaries.
Since files already installed on the system are overwritten in place,
you only need additional free space for files which weren't previously
installed or to account for growth of the sets between releases.
If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root
(/)
and
/usr
partitions, you should have enough space.
Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, the boot blocks on your NetBSD partition, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to back up any important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition on your disk before beginning the upgrade process.
The upgrade procedure using the
sysinst
tool is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning.
sysinst
will attempt to merge the settings stored in your
/etc
directory with the new version of
NetBSD.
Getting the binary
sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure;
refer to the installation part of the document
for how to do this.
Also, some sanity checks are done, i.e.
file systems are checked before unpacking the sets.
After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your
machine is a complete
NetBSD
4.0.1
system.
However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process.
You will probably want to update the set of device
nodes you have in
/dev.
If you've changed the contents of
/dev
by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if
not, you can just cd into
/dev,
and run the command:
# sh MAKEDEV all
Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the version of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the NetBSD distribution.
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 4.0.1.
N.B. when using sysinst for upgrading, it will automatically invoke
postinstall fix
It is
very important
that you populate the directory
/etc/pam.d
with appropriate configuration files for Pluggable Authentication Modules
(PAM) because you will not be able to login any more otherwise. Using
postinstall
as described below will take care of this. Please refer to
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-pam.html
for documentation about PAM.
The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall with the etc set :
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix
Issues fixed by postinstall:
/etc
need upgrading.
These include:
/etc/defaults/*
/etc/mtree/*
/etc/pam.d/*
/etc/daily
/etc/weekly
/etc/monthly
/etc/security
/etc/rc.subr
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.shutdown
/etc/rc.d/*
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall with the etc set :
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix
Issues fixed by postinstall:
/etc
need upgrading.
These include:
/etc/defaults/*
/etc/mtree/*
/etc/daily
/etc/weekly
/etc/monthly
/etc/security
/etc/rc.subr
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.shutdown
/etc/rc.d/*
/etc/envsys.conf
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix mailerconf
/etc/mailer.conf
file to use Postfix as the MTA. When using
sysinst
to upgrade the system, it will ask if you want this to be done.
Note that if you have a customized Sendmail setup, you need to set up Postfix in an equivalent way; there is no tool for automatic conversion of Sendmail configuration to a Postfix one.
Postfix will be started up automatically when the system boots.
You may see messages like "$sendmail is not set properly" at boot.
You can suppress them by removing
/etc/rc.d/sendmail
and
/etc/rc.d/smmsp.
Those files and other parts of sendmail configuration like files under
/usr/share/sendmail
are not removed by default
while upgrading for those who want to continue using sendmail from
outside the base system.
If you want to delete them,
postinstall
can be used:
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix sendmail
Both issues have been addressed on the wrstuden-fixsa branch, but did not make it into the NetBSD release. Both will be fixed in the next patch release.
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropros(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man[ section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
# man passwd
to read the documentation for
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
# apropos subject-word
where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@NetBSD.org. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.
To report bugs, use the
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to:
netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.org.
Use of
send-pr(1)
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
NetBSD
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-users@NetBSD.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
(in alphabetical order)
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
of the system documentation.
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in
NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for
Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),
The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard is the referee document.
The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
This notice shall appear on any product containing this material