NAME

INSTALL - Installation procedure for NetBSD/mac68k

DESCRIPTION

About this Document

This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD1.4.1 on the mac68k platform. It is available in four different formats titled INSTALL.ext, where ext is one of .ps, .html, .more, or .txt.

.ps
PostScript.

.html
Standard internet HTML.

.more
The enhanced text format used on Unix-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line man pages are generally presented.

.txt
Plain old ASCII.

You are reading the HTML version.

What is NetBSD?

The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UN*X-like operating system derived from the Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on twenty different system architectures featuring eight distinct families of CPUs, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD1.4.1 release contains complete binary releases for fourteen different machine types. (The six remaining are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.netbsd.org/)

NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, The X Window System, and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.

NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.

Changes Since The Last Release

The NetBSD1.4.1 release is a substantial improvement over its predecessors. We have provided numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many userland enhancements. The results of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.

It is impossible to completely summarize the nearly two years of development that went into the NetBSD1.4.1 release. Some highlights include:

  • Substantial improvements in the TCP/IP implementation, including numerous performance enhancements and bug fixes by Jason Thorpe and others.

  • A new, high efficiency kernel memory pool allocator by Paul Kranenburg. This has been integrated into most kernel subsystems.

  • A new, totally rewritten virtual memory subsystem, UVM, created by Chuck Cranor, which is substantially cleaner and better performing than the old Mach derived VM subsystem.

  • Improved POSIX and XPG standards compliance.

  • Completion of the integration of all remaining 4.4BSD Lite-2 kernel improvements and bug fixes that had not been previously integrated. (Integration of all userland components was completed before NetBSD1.3)

  • Several new ports, including macppc, bebox, sparc64, next68k, and others, have been integrated into the source tree.

  • The system compilers have been upgraded to egcs 1.1.1, and the system compiler toolchain now (mostly) uses the latest versions of GNU binutils instead of the obsolete versions left over from 4.4BSD Lite.

  • Everyone's favorite ftp(1) client has been improved even further. See the man page for details.

  • A new architecture independent console driver, wscons(4), has been integrated into many ports.

  • Numerous improvements have been made to the audio subsystem support, including support for MIDI device drivers.

  • Linux compatibility support has been improved.

  • A number of scheduler enhancements have yielded dramatic improvements in interactive performance and better control of background tasks.

  • Several network tunneling protocols, including GRE and IP in IP, have been implemented.

  • Kernel support for the CODA distributed file system has been added.

  • Manuel Bouyer completed major changes to the IDE support. It is now architecture independent. Major changes have been made to the IDE code for better error handling, improved ATAPI support, 32 bit data I/O support and bus-master DMA support on PCI IDE controllers.

  • Lennart Augustsson has added full USB support, permitting the use of a wide variety of Universal Serial Bus peripherals. The drivers should easily port to any future platforms that support the PCI bus. See usb(4) for an overview.

  • RAIDframe, version 1.1, from the Parallel Data Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University, has been integrated. Supports RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, and more.

  • Luke Mewburn added nsswitch.conf(5) functionality to the system to specify the search order for system databases.

  • syslogd(8) now supports listening on multiple sockets, to make the chrooting of servers easier.

  • Most third party packages have been updated to the latest stable release.

As has been noted, there have also been innumerable bug fixes.

Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue.

NetBSD1.4.1 is the fifth ``real'' release of NetBSD for the 68k-based Macintosh.

For the mac68k port, NetBSD1.4.1 brings a number of improvements:

  • A number of kernel changes enable support for several previously unsupported systems (such as the LC and Performa 470-series, 570/580-series, and 630-series Macs).

  • Support for 800KB floppy drives has been added (i.e. machines that include the IWM or SWIM, but not the SWIM II or SWIM III)

  • IBM-compatible MBR handling has been integrated to enable MS-DOS partition support

  • The mac68k/adb(4) driver has undergone a major revamp.

  • A number of bugs affecting II-series systems have been fixed.
There is still a lot of work to be done and help is welcomed. Please jump in! NetBSD1.4.1 on mac68k is, as usual, also fully backward compatible with old NetBSD mac68k binaries, so you don't need to recompile all of your local programs.

The Future of NetBSD

The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.

The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:

  • providing better organization to keep track of development efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in related fields.

  • providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and to own the resources necessary to run the NetBSD Project.

  • providing a better position from which to undertake promotional activities.

  • periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested people to discuss ongoing work.

We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.

We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.

We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. In addition, we intend to provide Anonymous CVS access to the NetBSD source tree in the near future, so that anyone on the internet can examine the full NetBSD source code repository.

We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system.

Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for and because of them that NetBSD exists.

Sources of NetBSD

NetBSD Mirror Site List
The following sites mirror NetBSD as of April 03, 1999.

If you wish to become a distribution site for NetBSD, contact mirrors@netbsd.org.

FTP mirrors

Australia

ftp.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
ftp://ftp.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

ftp2.au.netbsd.org
University of Queensland, Brisbane
ftp://ftp2.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Austria

ftp.at.netbsd.org
University of Technology, Vienna
ftp://ftp.at.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Brazil

ftp.ravel.ufrj.br
Cidade Universitaria
ftp://ftp.ravel.ufrj.br/pub/NetBSD/

Denmark

ftp.dk.netbsd.org
Aalborg University
ftp://ftp.dk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Finland

ftp.fi.netbsd.org
The Finnish University and Research Network, Espoo
ftp://ftp.fi.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

France

ftp.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
ftp://ftp.fr.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Germany

ftp.de.netbsd.org
University of Trier
ftp://ftp.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

ftp2.de.netbsd.org
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
ftp://ftp2.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

ftp.uni-regensburg.de
University of Regensburg
ftp://ftp.uni-regensburg.de/pub/comp/os/NetBSD/

Japan

ftp.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
ftp://ftp.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

core.ring.gr.jp
Electrotechnical Laboratory
ftp://core.ring.gr.jp/pub/NetBSD/

ftp.dti.ad.jp
Dream Train Internet Inc., Tokyo
ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/NetBSD/

mirror.nucba.ac.jp
Nagoya University of Commerce and Business
ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/NetBSD/

netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp
Tohoku University, Sendai
ftp://netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp/NetBSD/

ring.asahi-net.or.jp
ASAHI Net
ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/NetBSD/

Netherlands

ftp.nl.netbsd.org
University of Amsterdam
ftp://ftp.nl.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Norway

ftp.no.netbsd.org
Bergen IT Consult AS
ftp://ftp.no.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

ftp.ntnu.no
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
ftp://ftp.ntnu.no/pub/NetBSD/

Russia

ftp.ru.netbsd.org
Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka
ftp://ftp.ru.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

Sweden

ftp.stacken.kth.se
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OS/NetBSD/

ftp.sunet.se
Swedish University NETwork, Uppsala
ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/os/NetBSD/

UK

ftp.uk.netbsd.org
Domino, London
ftp://ftp.uk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

sunsite.org.uk
ftp://sunsite.org.uk/packages/netbsd/

USA

ftp.netbsd.org
Silicon Valley, California
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/

ftp.cs.umn.edu
University of Minnesota
ftp://ftp.cs.umn.edu/pub/NetBSD

ftp.eecs.umich.edu
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/NetBSD/

ftp.iastate.edu
Iowa State University
ftp://ftp.iastate.edu/pub/netbsd/

ftp.op.net
ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/NetBSD/

AFS mirrors

Sweden

ftp.stacken.kth.se
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
AFS path: /afs/stacken.kth.se/ftp/pub/OS/NetBSD

USA

ftp.iastate.edu
Iowa State University
AFS path: /afs/iastate.edu/public/ftp/pub/netbsd

NFS mirrors

UK

sunsite.org.uk
Instructions: mount -o ro sunsite.org.uk:/public/packages/netbsd /mnt

SUP mirrors

Australia

sup.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
Instructions: ftp://sup.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup

France

sup.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
Instructions: Similar to sup.netbsd.org

Germany

sup.de.netbsd.org
University of Trier
Instructions: ftp://sup.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/supfile.example

Japan

sup.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
Instructions: ftp://sup.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup

Norway

sup.no.netbsd.org
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Instructions: See /usr/src/share/examples/supfiles/sup.no.netbsd.org

UK

sup.uk.netbsd.org
Domino, London
Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup

USA

sup.netbsd.org
Silicon Valley, California
Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup

ftp.cs.umn.edu
University of Minnesota
Instructions: hostbase=/ftp/ftp/packages/NetBSD, collections are the same as on sup.NetBSD.ORG

WWW mirrors

Australia

www.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
http://www.au.netbsd.org/

Austria

www.at.netbsd.org
University of Technology, Vienna
http://www.at.netbsd.org/

Finland

www.fi.netbsd.org
Global Wire Oy, Lappeenranta
http://www.fi.netbsd.org/

France

www.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
http://www.fr.netbsd.org/

Germany

www.de.netbsd.org
http://www.de.netbsd.org/

Japan

www.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
http://www.jp.netbsd.org/

Norway

www.no.netbsd.org
Bergen IT Consult AS
http://www.no.netbsd.org/

USA

www.netbsd.org
Western Washington State University
http://www.netbsd.org/

www2.us.netbsd.org
New York
http://www.us.netbsd.org/


NetBSD 1.4.1 Release Contents

The root directory of the NetBSD1.4.1 release is organized as follows:

.../NetBSD-1.4.1/

BUGS
Known bugs list (somewhat incomplete and out of date).

CHANGES
Changes since earlier NetBSD releases.

LAST_MINUTE
Last minute changes.

MIRRORS
A list of sites that mirror the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution.

README.files
README describing the distribution's contents.

TODO
NetBSD's todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date).

patches/
Post-release source code patches.

source/
Source distribution sets; see below.

In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD1.4.1 has a binary distribution. There are also 'README.export-control' files sprinkled liberally throughout the distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the distribution (i.e. the `domestic' portion) that may be subject to export regulations of the United States. It is your responsibility to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions and to act accordingly.

The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the "source" subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows:

secrsrc.tgz:
This set contains the "domestic" sources. These sources may be subject to United States export regulations.
421K gzipped, 2M uncompressed

gnusrc.tgz:
This set contains the "gnu" sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets.
19M gzipped, 84.2M uncompressed

syssrc.tgz:
This set contains the sources to the NetBSD1.4.1 kernel, config(8), and dbsym(8).
13.5M gzipped, 66.7M uncompressed

sharesrc.tgz:
This set contains the "share" sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program, the sources for the typesettable document set, the dictionaries, and more.
3M gzipped, 11.9M uncompressed

src.tgz:
This set contains all of the NetBSD1.4.1 sources which are not mentioned above.
16.1M gzipped, 73.6M uncompressed

Most of the above source sets are located in the source/sets subdirectory of the distribution tree. The secrsrc.tgz set is contained in the source/security subdirectory. This set, which is available only to users in the United States and Canada, contains the sources normally found in /usr/src/domestic - primarily kerberos and other cryptographic security related software. (Remember, because of United States law, it may not be legal to distribute this set to locations outside of the United States and Canada.)

The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. They may be unpacked into /usr/src with the command:
       cat set_name.tgz | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - )
The sets/Split/ and security/Split/ subdirectories contain split versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The split sets are are named "set_name.xx" where "set_name" is the distribution set name, and "xx" is the sequence number of the file, starting with "aa" for the first file in the distribution set, then "ab" for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that distribution set.)

The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with cat as follows:
       cat set_name.?? | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - )

In each of the source distribution set directories, there is a file named CKSUMS which contains the checksums of the files in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) utility. You can use cksum to check the integrity of the archives, if you suspect that one of the files is corrupt and have access to a cksum binary. Checksums based on other algorithms may also be present - see the release(7) man page for details.

NetBSD/mac68k Subdirectory Structure
The mac68k-specific portion of the NetBSD1.4.1 release is found in the mac68k subdirectory of the distribution: .../NetBSD-1.4.1/mac68k/
INSTALL.html
INSTALL.ps
INSTALL.txt
INSTALL.more
Installation notes; this file. The .more file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/
sets/
mac68k binary distribution sets; see below.
security/
mac68k security distribution; see below.
installation/
Binary Distribution Sets
The NetBSD mac68k binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the NetBSD1.4.1 release for the mac68k. There are eight binary distribution sets and the security distribution set. The binary distribution sets can be found in the mac68k/binary/sets subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution tree, and are as follows:

base
The NetBSD1.4.1 mac68k base binary distribution. You must install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below.
10.2M gzipped, 28.9M uncompressed

comp
Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages.
8.1M gzipped, 26.6M uncompressed

etc
This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set must be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should not be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and carefully upgrade your configuration files by hand.)
57K gzipped, 319K uncompressed

games
This set includes the games and their manual pages.
2.8M gzipped, 7.1M uncompressed

kern
kern_sbc
This set contains a NetBSD/mac68k 1.4.1 GENERIC kernel, named /netbsd. You must install this distribution set. It is the kernel that you need to boot the system. If you experience SCSI-related difficulties with your 68030-based system, you might want to try kern_sbc.tgz instead.
805K gzipped, 1.7M uncompressed

man
This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets.

misc
This set includes the (rather large) system dictionaries, the typesettable document set, and other files from /usr/share.

text
This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages.
1M gzipped, 4M uncompressed

The mac68k security distribution set is named secr and can be found in the
       mac68k/binary/security
subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution tree. It contains security-related binaries which depend on cryptographic source code. You do not need this distribution set to use encrypted passwords in your password file; the base distribution includes a crypt library which can perform only the one-way encryption function. The security distribution includes a version of the Kerberos IV network security system, and a Kerberized version of telnet(1) program. The secr distribution set can be found only on those sites which carry the complete NetBSD distribution and which can legally obtain it. Because of United States law, it may not be legal to distribute this set to locations outside of the United States and Canada.

NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 3.3.3.1. Binary sets for the X Window system are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:

xbase
The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers.
2.4M gzipped, 7.7M uncompressed

xcomp
The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code.
1.6M gzipped, 6.4M uncompressed

xcontrib
Programs that were contributed to X.
178k gzipped, 664k uncompressed

xfont
Fonts needed by X.

xserver
The Xmac68k monochrome server with man pages.
1.3M gzipped, 3.3M uncompressed

The mac68k binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension .tgz, e.g. base.tgz.

The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the files are /-relative and therefore are extracted below the current directory. That is, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the tar xfp command from /.

Additional kernels to those included in the distribution sets may be found in the mac68k/binary/kernels subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution tree. These kernels are generally named something like netbsd-GENERIC.gz or some other suitable name. Please note that these kernels are simply gzipped and are not in tar archives.

The MacOS-based utilities necessary for installing and running NetBSD can be found in the mac68k/installation/misc subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution tree. The important files in this directory are as follows:

Booter.sea.hqx
The NetBSD/Mac68k Booter utility. This program is used to boot the NetBSD kernel from within MacOS.
141 K archived

Installer.sea.hqx
The NetBSD/Mac68k Installer utility. This program is used to install the distribution sets onto your NetBSD partition(s).
147 K archived

Mkfs.sea.hqx
The Mkfs utility. This program is used to format your chosen partitions so that they can be used with NetBSD.
76 K archived

These files are all binhexed, self-extracting archives. If you need them, the sources for these utilities are in the src subdirectory.

Note
Each directory in the mac68k binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does:

All BSDSUM files are historic BSD checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum -o 1 file

All CKSUM files are POSIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum file.

All MD5 files are MD5 digests for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum -m file.

All SYSVSUM files are historic AT&T System V UNIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum -o -2 file.

The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files.


NetBSD/mac68k System Requirements and Supported Devices

NetBSD/mac68k 1.4.1 runs on several of the older Macintosh computers. About 4MB of RAM might be sufficient to boot, and the system can probably be squeezed onto a 40MB hard disk by leaving off an unnecessary set or two. To actually do much compiling or anything more interesting than booting, at least 8MB of RAM and more disk space is recommended. About 95MB will be necessary to install all of the NetBSD1.4.1 binary system distribution sets (note that this does not count swap space!). An additional 30MB or so is needed for the binary X11 distribution sets. Much more disk space is required to install the source and objects as well (at least another 300MB).

Supported models:

  • Mac II, IIx, IIcx, SE/30, IIci, IIsi, IIvx, IIvi,
  • Performa 400/405/410/430, Performa 450, Performa 460/466/467,
  • Performa 520, Performa 550/560, Performa 600,
  • LC II, LC III, LC III+, LC 520, LC 550,
  • MacTV,
  • Centris 650,
  • Quadra 610, Quadra 630, Quadra 650, Quadra 700, Quadra 800,
  • Quadra/Centris 660AV, Quadra 840AV
Supported devices on all of the above systems include:

  • Onboard SCSI bus and most SCSI tapes, hard drives, and CD-ROMs
  • Internal sound--enough to beep on some machines, anyway
  • Most basic NuBus video cards (there have been some problems with some 24-bit color cards and with most QuickDraw acclerators)
  • Both internal serial ports
  • ADB keyboards and mice (both Apple and a number of third party multi-button mice and trackballs are supported)
  • Ethernet cards based on the National Semiconductor 8390 and the SONIC (DP83932) chips (Asante, Apple, and a few others--problems still with Ethernet and many NuBus video cards)
  • Onboard Ethernet based on the SONIC chip for Quadra-series Macs
  • Onboard Ethernet based on the MACE (Am79C940) chip for the Quadra AV-series Macs
  • Comm-slot Ethernet should be working for most machines/cards

If your 68030 system is not listed above, it may be because of a problem with accessing onboard video, and it may still work with a serial console. Some of the known ones in this category:

  • Classic-series Macs
  • PowerBook 100-series and Duo-series Macs

If your 68LC040 system is not listed above, it is due to a problem with floating point emulation (FPE) for this type of processor. Machines in this category include:

  • Newer LC-series machines
  • Newer Performa-series machines
  • Some PowerBook 500-series Macs
What isn't supported, but often asked about:

Macintosh IIfx:
This machine has unusual custom chips for the ADB and serial interfaces which make support for it difficult. Work is in progress on this, though.

Quadra 900/950:
These machines have I/O processor chips for their ADB interfaces similar to those used in the IIfx and thus face similar support problems.

PowerPC-based Macs:
This is a separate effort from the mac68k port. PowerMacs use hardware that is often fairly different from that of the mac68k port. If you are interested in this, you might want to take a look at the new NetBSD/macppc port: http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/index.html

Known hardware issues with this release:

Real Time Clock:
Due to oddities of the Macintosh hardware interrupt priority scheme, NetBSD/mac68k keeps very poor time. Under a high interrupt load (e.g. SCSI or serial port activity) , a machine can lose several minutes per hour. A consequence of this problem is that attempting to run xntpd is rather pointless unless you periodically call ntpdate.

SCSI difficulties:
The NetBSD/mac68k SCSI drivers are not quite as robust as their MacOS counterparts. Symptoms of these problems are that some SCSI disks will not work under NetBSD that work fine under MacOS. Other problems include occasional filesystem corruption with some types of drives and the general unreliability of removable SCSI media. Keep in mind that there are no clear patterns with these problems, and they do not appear to affect the majority of users.

Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media

Installation is currently only supported from the local Macintosh hard drive, from a CD-ROM, or from an AppleShare volume (however, you may upgrade a system from within NetBSD ; see the section on upgrading for more details). If you are installing from a local hard drive, this means that you'll need at least enough room for the largest file that you will have to install. This is the 10.2M base.tgz file. There has been talk of allowing an install from split files. If you have the time, desire, and knowledge, please feel free to add that functionality.

If the install is being done from an AppleShare-mounted volume, the install utility must be in the same folder as the binary distribution sets.

Each distribution file is in raw archive format.

  • Distribution files must be downloaded in binary mode. Common web browsers may not be suitable for this task; FTP clients such as Fetch and Anarchie work fine, but be sure to specify a binary file transfer.

  • The files should not be unpacked. If you have the Internet Config extension installed, you can disable this in the "Helpers" dialog by removing the entry associated with ".tgz" files. Other FTP clients may require separate changes; consult your package's documentation.

  • If you are installing from a CD-ROM, the distribution sets are already in the proper format and no special handling is required.

You will also need to collect the MacOS installation tools from the mac68k/installation/misc subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution: Mkfs, NetBSD/Mac68k Installer, and NetBSD/Mac68k Booter. These three are in binhexed, self-extracting archives as Mkfs.sea.hqx, Installer.sea.hqx, and Booter.sea.hqx, respectively. Extract them as you would any other Macintosh application.

Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation

Find your favorite disk partitioning utility. Any formatter capable of partitioning a SCSI disk should work. Some of the ones that have been tried and seem to work are:

  • Apple HD SC Setup
  • Hard Disk ToolKit from FWB
  • SCSI Director Lite
  • Disk Manager Mac from OnTrack
  • Silverlining from LaCie
  • APS Disk Tools

Apple's HD SC Setup is probably the easiest to use and the most commonly available. Instructions for patching HD SC Setup so that it will recognize non-Apple drives is available at:

http://www.euronet.nl/users/ernstoud/patch.html

First, you need to choose a drive on which to install NetBSD. Try to pick a drive with a low SCSI ID number, especially if you are likely to add or remove drives to your SCSI chain in the future.

Note:
Be sure you have a reliable backup of any data which you may want to keep. Repartitioning your hard drive is an excellent way to destroy important data.

Second, decide how you want to set up your partitions. At minimum, you need a partition to hold the NetBSD installation (the root partition) and a partition to serve as swap. You may choose to use more than one partition to hold the installation. This allows you to separate the more vital portions of the filesystem (such as the kernel and the /etc directory) from the more volatile parts of the filesystem. Typical setups place the /usr directory on a separate partition from the root partition. Generally, the root partition can be fairly small while the /usr partition should be fairly large. If you plan to use this machine as a server, you may also want a separate /var partition.

Once you have decided how to lay out your partitions, you need to calculate how much space to allocate to each partition. A minimal install of NetBSD (i.e. netbsd.tgz, base.tgz, and etc.tgz) should just fit in a 32M partition. For a full installation, you should allocate at least 95M (150M if you wish to install the X sets as well). A general rule of thumb for sizing the swap partition is to allocate twice as much swap space as you have real memory. Having your swap + real memory total at least 20M is also a good idea. Systems that will be heavily used or that are low on real memory should have more swap space allocated. Systems that will be only lightly used or have a very large amount of real memory can get away with less.

Keep in mind that NetBSD currently requires MacOS in order to boot, so it is likely that you will want to keep at least a minimal install of MacOS around on an HFS partition for this purpose. The size of this partition may vary depending on the size requirements for the version of MacOS you are using. Of course, if you have MacOS on another hard drive or can boot from a floppy, feel free to dedicate the entire drive to NetBSD.

Next, use your favorite partitioning utility to make partitions of the necessary sizes. You can use any type of partition, but partitions of type "Apple_Free" might save you some confusion in the future.

You are now set to install NetBSD on your hard drive.

Installing the NetBSD System

The installation can be broken down into three basic steps:

  • Run Mkfs to build a filesystem or filesystems.
  • Run the Installer to load the files onto your filesystems.
  • Run the Booter to boot the system.
Preparing the filesystem(s)
Double-click on the Mkfs application icon to start it up. It will ask you for the SCSI ID of the drive that you are installing upon. Once this is selected, it will present a list of the partitions on that disk. You must first convert the partitions to a type which NetBSD can understand. Select each partition on which you wish to build a filesystem and click on the "Change" button. If you are placing the entire installation on a single partition, select the "NetBSD Root&Usr" radio button. If you are using multiple partitions, select "NetBSD Root" for the root partition and "NetBSD Usr" for all the other partitions. You should select "NetBSD Swap" for the swap partition.

When you have finished converting each partition, select each partition and click on the "Format" button. You will now be asked for a bunch of parameters for the hard drive and the filesystem. Usually, you can just take the defaults. If you are installing onto removable media (e.g. a Zip, Jaz, or Syquest), please see the FAQ. Note that although this dialog only has the "OK" button, you are not committed, yet. Once you get the values you want, press the "OK" button. A dialog will be presented at this point with two options: "Format" and "Cancel." If you choose "Cancel," nothing will be written to your drive. If you choose "Format," the program will proceed to make a filesystem.

Mkfs is not a well-behaved Macintosh application. It will not allow any other tasks to run while it does (cooperative multitasking at its best). When it's finished, the program will put up a dialog to ask if you have scanned the output for any error messages. Usually there won't have been any errors, but do scan the output to make sure. Simply click on the "I Read It" button and the program will quit.

Repeat as necessary for any extra partitions that you wish to make filesystems on. Note that you do _not_ need a filesystem on your swap partition.

When you are finished, click on the "Done" button and choose "Quit" from the "File" menu to exit Mkfs.

Installing the files
Before using the Installer, it is probably a good idea to increase its memory allocation. Select the Installer icon by clicking on it and choose "Get Info" from the File menu. Increase both the Minimum and Preferred sizes to as much as you can spare.

Double-click on the Installer icon to start it up. The Installer will present the same SCSI ID menu that Mkfs did. Select the same SCSI ID that you did for Mkfs--i.e., the one you are installing onto.

If you are installing onto a single root partition, proceed to the Installation of base files section, below.

If you have not created filesystems for the root, usr, and any other filesystems, go back to "Preparing the filesystem(s)," above.

When you started the Installer, it mounted your root partition. Just before it printed, "Mounting partition 'A' as /," it printed lines like:        sd1 at scsi ID 5.
This means that the device for scsi ID 5 is sd1. The partitions are signified by a trailing letter. For instance, sd1a would be the root partition of the second scsi disk in the chain, and sd0g would be the first Usr partition on the first scsi disk.

You will need to know the proper device to mount the remaining partition(s) by hand:

  • Select "Build Devices" from the "File" menu.

  • Select "Mini Shell" from the "File" menu.

  • You can use the 'disklabel' command to get a listing of the available partitions and their types and sizes.

  • Create the directory mount point(s) with the command:
           mkdir path
    (e.g. for the /usr partition type: mkdir /usr)

  • Mount the filesystems you wish with the command:
           mount device path
    For example, if you wish to mount a usr partition from the first scsi disk, sd0, on /usr, you would type:
           mount /dev/sd0g /usr

  • Type fstab force to create a proper /etc/fstab file.

  • Type quit after you have mounted all the filesystems.
Installation of base files:

Select the Install menu item from the File menu and install base.tgz, etc.tgz, netbsd.tgz, and any other sets you wish to install at this time. (See the contents section for information about what's in each set.) The Installer will print out the filename of each file as it is installed, and will take quite some time to install everything (the base package alone can take over an hour on a slow hard drive).

As is the case with Mkfs, this is not a particularly well-behaved Macintosh application and the machine will be completely tied up while the installation takes place.

At some point after installing the base set, select the Build Devices option from the File menu if you have not already done so. This will create a bunch of device nodes for you and will create your initial /etc/fstab. The Installer program also has an option to give you a mini-shell. Do not use this unless you are sure know what you are doing.

When you are finished installing all of the sets you wish to install, exit the Installer by choosing Quit from the File menu.
Booting the system
Prior to attempting to boot NetBSD/mac68k, please verify that all of the following are true:

  1. 32-bit addressing is enabled[*] in the Memory control panel;

  2. All forms of virtual memory are disabled (the Memory control panel, RAM Doubler, or other software-based memory enhancement products); and

  3. Your system is in B&W mode (1-bit color or grayscale) as shown by the Monitors control panel. You may choose to have the Booter do this for you automatically by selecting the appropriate check box and radio button in the Monitors dialog on the Options menu.

It is probably best to boot your machine with all extensions turned off[*]. You can do this by booting into MacOS with the SHIFT key held down. You may have to restart your Macintosh for changes to take effect before proceeding.

[*]Note:
If your version of the Memory control panel does not have a 32-bit addressing mode radio button, this means that your system is already 32-bit clean and is running in 32-bit addressing mode by default. If the Booter complains that your are not in 32-bit mode, it may be necessary for you to press the "Use Defaults" button in the Memory control panel to restore 32-bit addressing. You should probably reboot after doing so. If you have an older II-class system (including the II, IIx, IIcx, and SE/30), it is necessary to install Connectix's MODE32 to work around ROM issues which prevent you from enabling 32-bit addressing. Please see
http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/mac68k/faq/the FAQ
for more information.

Double-click on the NetBSD/mac68k Booter icon to start the application. Select Booting from the Options menu. Check that all of the items in the resulting dialog look sane--especially the SCSI ID. If not, correct them to your preference (the SCSI ID should be the only thing you need to change). When you are satisfied with your choices, try booting NetBSD by selecting Boot Now from the Options menu.

If you wish to save your preferences, choose Save Options from the File menu before Booting (your preferences will not be saved if you forget to do this).

If the system does not come up, send mail to port-mac68k@netbsd.org describing your software, your hardware, and as complete a description of the problem as you can.

If the system does come up, congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD1.4.1.

Post installation steps

Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a propperly configured state, with the most important ones described below.

  1. Configuring /etc/rc.conf

    If you haven't done any configuration of /etc/rc.conf, the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message        /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
    and with the root filesystem mounted read-write. When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply hit return to get to a prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vt220 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and hit return. At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the /etc directory. Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can proceed. If your /usr directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use 'ed' or 'ex', you will have to mount your /usr partition to gain access to 'vi'. Do the following:
           mount /usr
           export TERM=vt220
    If you have /var on a seperate partition, you need to repeat that step for it. After that, you can edit /etc/rc.conf with vi(1). When you have finished, type exit at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.

    Other values that need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked environment are hostname and possibly defaultroute, furthermore add an ifconfig_int for your interface <int>, along the lines of
           ifconfig_de0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
    or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:
           ifconfig_de0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
    To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more information.

    Other files in /etc that are new to NetBSD 1.4 and may require modification or setting up include /etc/mailer.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/wscons.conf.

  2. Logging in

    After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.

  3. Adding accounts

    Use the vipw(8) command to add accounts to your system, do not edit /etc/passwd directly. See adduser(8) for more information on the process of how to add a new user to the system.

  4. The X Window System

    If you have installed the X window system, look at the files in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc for information.

    Don't forget to add /usr/X11R6/bin to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.

  5. Installing 3rd party packages

    There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, almost all of which can run on NetBSD. Modifications are usually needed to when transferring programs between different Unix-like systems, so the NetBSD packages collection incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run on NetBSD, and makes the installation (and deinstallation) of the software packages easy. There's also the option of building a package from source, in case there's no precompiled binary available.

    Precompiled binaries can be found at ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/ Package sources for compiling packages can be obtained by retrieving the file ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz and extracting it into /usr/pkgsrc. See /usr/pkgsrc/README then for more information.

  6. Misc

    • To adjust the system to your local timezone, point the /etc/localtime symlink to the appropriate file under /usr/share/zoneinfo.

    • Edit /etc/aliases to forward root mail to the right place (run newaliases(1) afterwards.)

    • The /etc/sendmail.cf file will almost definitely need to be adjusted; files aiding in this can be found in /usr/share/sendmail. See the README file there for more information.

    • Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use.

    • Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
             man filename
      is likely to give you more information on these files.

Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System

The upgrade to NetBSD1.4.1 is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult to advance to a later version by recompiling from source due primarily to interdependencies in the various components.

No automated upgrade procedure exists for upgrading to release 1.4.1 for the NetBSD/mac68k architecture. The current procedure is essentially to perform a new install from scratch. It is hoped that there will be a good upgrade procedure for future releases. Please feel free to volunteer to help replace these installation tools.

The following steps outline the current upgrade procedure. These steps should help ease the upgrade process. Please read these instructions carefully and completely before proceeding.

  1. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to back up any important data on your disk, whether on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process. Although the upgrade should not damage your filesystem(s) in any way, you never know what may happen.

  2. Download the distribution sets you want from the mac68k/binary/sets subdirectory of the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution. You will need the base set and the kernel at a minimum. Be sure to download the files in binary mode. If you will be upgrading from within NetBSD, make sure that you place the distribution sets on a filesystem you will be able to reach from single-user mode.

  3. Install the 1.4.1 kernel. You may either use the Installer utility (included in the installation/misc subdirectory) or install from within NetBSD (the latter is recommended for speed reasons). If you choose the former, proceed as you normally would. If you choose to install from within NetBSD, then boot (or shutdown) into single-user mode and do the following:
    cd /
    pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/kern.tgz
    
    There is no need to backup your old kernel explicitly since it will be incapable of running many of the newer binaries you are about to install. (Unless, of course, you have a backup copy of your older binaries and want to revert to them for some reason.) However, you might want to keep a backup if you are upgrading from within NetBSD just in case the newer kernel has trouble booting your machine.

  4. If you are installing using the Installer, skip to step 5. Otherwise, reboot into NetBSD in single-user mode. Run fsck -f and then mount all local partitions read/write. Usually mount -a -t nonfs should do the trick, but if you have several partitions on the same disk, take note of the fact that a change in partition numbering may have moved a few of your partitions around. You can do a disklabel sdX (where X is a drive on which you have NetBSD partitions) to see how the partitions are currently layed out. It is likely that a partition has shifted into the sdXd or sdXe slots, slots that often were not available under previous releases of NetBSD. If this is the case, you will need to manually mount your root partition (via mount -w /) and edit your /etc/fstab file to reflect the new partition layout. Unless you are familiar with ex(1) or ed(1). the easiest way to fix your /etc/fstab file is probably to simply do a cat > /etc/fstab and type in the corrected file in its entirety.

  5. Install the distribution sets. Keep in mind that the NetBSD1.4.1 distribution takes up a considerably larger amount of disk space than did the 1.3 family of distributions. If you are using the Installer, proceed normally (remember that you will need to mount non-root partitions by hand using the MiniShell before installing). If you are installing from within NetBSD, do the following:
    cd /
    pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/base.tgz
    

    Keep in mind that there is no going back once you have installed the base set short of a complete re-install of an earlier distribution. Continue with the appropriate command line for each of the other sets you wish to install except for the etc set. If you are in the Installer, open up the Minishell and do the following:

    cd /tmp
    exit
    
    Ignore the warning message this will cause. Now, use the Installer to install the etc set (it will install into /tmp instead of the /etc directory).

    If you are in NetBSD, do the following instead:

    cd /tmp
    pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz
    

  6. If you are in the Installer, quit it and boot into NetBSD in single-user mode. From there, cd to the /tmp/etc directory and compare each file there with your old files in /etc. You will probably want to replace some of your system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes in the new versions into yours. You should take note of the following when upgrading to the NetBSD1.4.1 etc.tgz set:

    • Several of the options given to many of the file systems have changed, and some of the file systems have changed names. It is imperative that you change any instances of ufs in /etc/fstab to ffs. To find out more about different filesystem options, read the man page for the associated mount command (e.g. mount_mfs(8) for MFS filesystems; note: FFS type filesystems are documented in the mount(8) man page). If you have not already done so, you may also need to correct /etc/fstab for a shift in the partition numbering scheme. See step 4 above for more details.

    • You will also probably want to upgrade your device nodes at this time as well. Make sure you have installed the latest MAKEDEV script (it should be included in the etc set) and perform the following commands:        cd /dev
             sh MAKEDEV all

  7. Run fsck -f to make sure that your filesystem is still consistent. If fsck reports any errors, fix them by answering y to its suggested solutions

    Note:
    if there are a large number of errors, you may wish to stop and run fsck -fy to automatically answer yes instead.

  8. Exit from single-user mode and it should continue to boot into multi-user mode.

At this point you have successfully upgraded to NetBSD1.4.1.

Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases

Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD1.4.1

Note
Only issues effecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.3 or NetBSD 1.3.x are decribed here.

  • "machine" directory/link in "/usr/include"

    Description
    Some architecture may fail to install the comp set because the
           /usr/include/machine
    directory changed to a symbolic link in NetBSD 1.4.

    Fix
    If this happens, you can use the command
           # rm -r /usr/include/machine
    to remove the old directory and it contents and reinstall the comp set.

Using online NetBSD documentation

Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by ``name(section)''. Some examples of this are

  • intro(1),
  • man(1),
  • apropros(1),
  • passwd(1), and
  • passwd(5).

The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.

The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man[ section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
       man passwd
to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5)m enter
       man 5 passwd
instead.

If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word

where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.

Administrivia

If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@NetBSD.ORG. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions.

There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.ORG.

To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.ORG.

Use of send-pr(1) is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks.

There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the "owner" of that port (listed below).

If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-help@NetBSD.ORG.

As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.

Thanks go to

  • The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, including (but not limited to):
    Keith Bostic
    Ralph Campbell
    Mike Karels
    Marshall Kirk McKusick
    

    for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.

  • Also, our thanks go to:
    Mike Hibler
    Rick Macklem
    Jan-Simon Pendry
    Chris Torek
    

    for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done.

  • UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and for a long time provided the primary FTP site for NetBSD.

  • Vixie Enterprises for hosting the NetBSD FTP and SUP server.

  • Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD Mail server.

  • Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.

  • Dave Burgess burgess@cynjut.infonet.net has been maintaining the 386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be recognized for it.

  • The following individuals and organiztions (each in alphabetical order) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it:

    Jason Birnschein
    Jason Brazile
    David Brownlee
    Simon Burge
    Dave Burgess
    Ralph Campbell
    Brian Carlstrom
    James Chacon
    Bill Coldwell
    Charles Conn
    Tom Coulter
    Charles D. Cranor
    Christopher G. Demetriou
    Scott Ellis
    Hubert Feyrer
    Greg Gingerich
    Guenther Grau
    Ross Harvey
    Charles M. Hannum
    Michael L. Hitch
    Jordan K. Hubbard
    Scott Kaplan
    Noah M. Keiserman
    Chris Legrow
    Neil J. McRae
    Perry E. Metzger
    Herb Peyerl
    Mike Price
    Thor Lancelot Simon
    Bill Sommerfeld
    Paul Southworth
    Ted Spradley
    Kimmo Suominen
    Jason R. Thorpe
    Steve Wadlow
    

    Advanced System Products, Inc.
    Avalon Computer Systems
    Bay Area Internet Solutions
    Canada Connect Corporation
    Demon Internet, UK
    Digital Equipment Corporation
    Easynet, UK
    Free Hardware Foundation
    Innovation Development Enterprises of America
    Internet Software Consortium
    MS Macro System GmbH, Germany
    Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center
    Piermont Information Systems Inc.
    VMC Harald Frank, Germany
    
    (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.)

  • Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!)

We are...

(in alphabetical order)


The NetBSD core group:
Paul Kranenburgpk@NetBSD.ORG
Scott Reynoldsscottr@NetBSD.ORG
Christos Zoulaschristos@NetBSD.ORG

The portmasters (and their ports):
Mark Brinicombemark@NetBSD.ORG arm32
Jeremy Cooperjeremy@NetBSD.ORG sun3x
Ross Harveyross@NetBSD.ORG alpha
Ignatios Souvatzisis@NetBSD.ORG amiga
Eduardo Horvatheeh@NetBSD.ORG sparc64
Paul Kranenburgpk@NetBSD.ORG sparc
Anders Magnussonragge@NetBSD.ORG vax
Tsubai Masanaritsubai@NetBSD.ORG macppc
Tsubai Masanaritsubai@NetBSD.ORG newsmips
Minoura Makotominoura@NetBSD.ORG x68k
Phil Nelsonphil@NetBSD.ORG pc532
Scott Reynoldsscottr@NetBSD.ORG mac68k
Darrin Jewelldbj@NetBSD.ORG next68k
Gordon Rossgwr@NetBSD.ORG sun3, sun3x
Kazuki Sakamotosakamoto@NetBSD.ORG bebox
Wolfgang Solfrankws@NetBSD.ORG powerpc
Jonathan Stonejonathan@NetBSD.ORG pmax
Jason Thorpethorpej@NetBSD.ORG hp300
Frank van der Lindenfvdl@NetBSD.ORG i386
Leo Weppelmanleo@NetBSD.ORG atari
Steve Woodfordscw@NetBSD.ORG mvme68k

The NetBSD 1.4.1 Release Engineering team:
Ted Lemonmellon@NetBSD.ORG
Perry Metzgerperry@NetBSD.ORG
Curt Sampsoncjs@NetBSD.ORG

Developers and other contributors:
Steve Allenwormey@NetBSD.ORG
Lennart Augustssonaugustss@NetBSD.ORG
Christoph Badurabad@NetBSD.ORG
Manuel Bouyerbouyer@NetBSD.ORG
Robert V. Baronrvb@NetBSD.ORG
John Brezakbrezak@NetBSD.ORG
Allen Briggsbriggs@NetBSD.ORG
Aaron Brownabrown@NetBSD.ORG
David Brownleeabs@NetBSD.ORG
Simon Burgesimonb@NetBSD.ORG
Dave Burgessburgess@cynjut.infonet.net
Dave Carrelcarrel@NetBSD.ORG
Bill Coldwellbillc@NetBSD.ORG
Chuck Cranorchuck@NetBSD.ORG
Alistair Crooksagc@NetBSD.ORG
Aidan Cullyaidan@NetBSD.ORG
Rob Dekerdeker@NetBSD.ORG
Chris G. Demetrioucgd@NetBSD.ORG
Matthias Drochnerdrochner@NetBSD.ORG
Enami Tsugutomoenami@NetBSD.ORG
Bernd Ernestiveego@NetBSD.ORG
Erik Fairfair@NetBSD.ORG
Hubert Feyrerhubertf@NetBSD.ORG
Thorsten Frueauffrueauf@NetBSD.ORG
Brian R. Gaekebrg@dgate.org
Thomas Gernerthomas@NetBSD.ORG
Justin Gibbsgibbs@NetBSD.ORG
Adam Glassglass@NetBSD.ORG
Michael Graffexplorer@NetBSD.ORG
Brad Granthamgrantham@tenon.com
Matthew Greenmrg@NetBSD.ORG
Juergen Hannken-Illjeshannken@NetBSD.ORG
Charles M. Hannummycroft@NetBSD.ORG
Eric Haszlakiewiczerh@NetBSD.ORG
Michael L. Hitchosymh@NetBSD.ORG
Christian E. Hoppschopps@NetBSD.ORG
Ken Hornsteinkenh@NetBSD.ORG
Marc Horowitzmarc@NetBSD.ORG
ITOH Yasufumiitohy@NetBSD.ORG
Matthew Jacobmjacob@NetBSD.ORG
Lonhyn T. Jasinskyjlonhyn@NetBSD.ORG
Darrin Jewelldbj@NetBSD.ORG
Lawrence Kestelootkesteloo@cs.unc.edu
Klaus Kleinkleink@NetBSD.ORG
John Kohljtk@NetBSD.ORG
Kevin Laheykml@NetBSD.ORG
Ted Lemonmellon@NetBSD.ORG
Mike Longmikel@NetBSD.ORG
Paul Mackerraspaulus@NetBSD.ORG
Neil J. McRaeneil@NetBSD.ORG
Perry Metzgerperry@NetBSD.ORG
Luke Mewburnlukem@NetBSD.ORG
der Mousemouse@NetBSD.ORG
Tohru Nishimuranisimura@NetBSD.ORG
Masaru Okioki@NetBSD.ORG
Greg Osteroster@NetBSD.ORG
Herb Peyerlhpeyerl@NetBSD.ORG
Matthias Pfallermatthias@NetBSD.ORG
Dante Profetadante@NetBSD.ORG
Chris Provenzanoproven@NetBSD.ORG
Darren Reeddarrenr@NetBSD.ORG
Tim Rightnourgarbled@NetBSD.ORG
Heiko W. Rupphwr@NetBSD.ORG
SAITOH Masanobumsaitoh@NetBSD.ORG
Kazuki Sakamotosakamoto@NetBSD.ORG
Curt Sampsoncjs@NetBSD.ORG
Wilfredo Sanchezwsanchez@NetBSD.ORG
Ty Sarnatsarna@NetBSD.ORG
Matthias Schelertron@NetBSD.ORG
Karl Schilke (rAT)rat@NetBSD.ORG
Tim Shepardshep@NetBSD.ORG
Chuck Silverschs@NetBSD.ORG
Thor Lancelot Simontls@NetBSD.ORG
Noriyuki Sodasoda@NetBSD.ORG
Wolfgang Solfrankws@NetBSD.ORG
Bill Sommerfeldsommerfeld@NetBSD.ORG
Ignatios Souvatzisis@NetBSD.ORG
Bill Studenmundwrstuden@NetBSD.ORG
Kevin Sullivansullivan@NetBSD.ORG
Kimmo Suominenkim@NetBSD.ORG
Matt Thomasmatt@NetBSD.ORG
Jason Thorpethorpej@NetBSD.ORG
Christoph Toshoktoshok@NetBSD.ORG
Todd Vierlingtv@NetBSD.ORG
Paul Vixievixie@NetBSD.ORG
Krister Walfridssonkristerw@NetBSD.ORG
Nathan Williamsnathanw@NetBSD.ORG
Colin Woodender@NetBSD.ORG

Legal Mumbo-Jumbo

The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:

This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles Hannum.

This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.

This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc.

This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and Washington University.

This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor.

This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum, by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.

This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.

This product includes software developed by Chris Provenzano.

This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.

This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for the NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.

This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.

This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross.

This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.

This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.

This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.

This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross.

This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross and Leo Weppelman.

This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross.

This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.

This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.

This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Communications, http://www.and.com/.

This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes.

This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by John Polstra.

This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone for the NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.

This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield.

This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.

This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman.

This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.

This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.

This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.

This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann and Wolfgang Solfrank.

This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D. Cranor.

This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson.

This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller.

This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.

This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.

This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.

This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson.

This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes.

This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.

This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert.

This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert.

This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt and John Brezak.

This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt.

This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.

This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.

This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Science at the University of Utah.

This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary Department of Computer Science and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman.

This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project.

This product includes software developed for the Internet Software Consortium by Ted Lemon.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthieu Herrb.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Piermont Information Systems Inc.

This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Ted Lemon.

This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for the NetBSD Project.

This product includes software developed by the Alice Group.

This product includes software developed by Allen Briggs.

This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.

This product includes software developed by Bradley A. Grantham.

This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada.

This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.

This product includes software developed by Scott Reynolds.

This product includes software developed by John P. Wittkoski.

This product includes software developed by Colin Wood.

Contributions

The following people have made contributions of various sorts specifically for the Macintosh port (in alphabetical order):

  • All of the users who have supplied us with good bug reports and moral support.

  • The Alice Group (Allen K. Briggs, Chris P. Caputo, Michael L. Finch, Bradley A. Grantham, and Lawrence A. Kesteloot), without whom there would be no NetBSD port for the Macintosh.

  • Steven R. Allen for keeping our snapshot distributions up-to-date.

  • Stephen C. Brown for maintaining the Installer application.

  • Denton Gentry and Yanagisawa Takeshi for their work on the SONIC Ethernet driver.

  • Paul Goyette, Taras Ivanenko, Ken Nakata, and Michael R. Zucca for invaluable work towards supporting color X.

  • Takashi Hamada and John Wittkoski beating the direct ADB hardware driver into submission.

  • David Huang for getting MACE Ethernet and basic DMA working on the AV Macs.

  • Scott Jann for acquiring a IIx and a IIci, used for building and testing release sets.

  • Scott Kaplan for lending his IIci and Kensington Turbo Mouse for IIci/IIsi banked memory and internal video as well as non-Apple ADB devices.

  • Noah M. Kieserman for lending a PowerBook 520C for tracking down several bugs on that platform.

  • Markus Krummenacker for monetary donations.

  • Glan Lalonde for an invaluable IIci page table dump.

  • Bob Nestor for (unofficially) maintaining the Mkfs utility, and providing a lot of useful information about the ROM vectors used by different systems.

  • Brad Parker for serial and Ethernet drivers/improvements.

  • Brian R. Gaeke and Nigel Pearson for tweaking and polishing the Booter application.

  • Scott Redman for lending Brad Grantham a PowerBook 160.

  • Craig Ruff for assembling an '030 "pmove ttx" instruction.

  • Brad Salai for lending an Ethernet card to help resolve interrupt conflicts.

  • Larry Samuels for monetary donations.

  • Peter Siebold for lending his IIvx in support of ADB and IIvx internal video.

  • Glen Stewart for lending a Carrera040 accelerator which, while still unsupported, helped to track down memory management bugs for '030-based machines.

  • Bill Studenmund for providing a stable front end to the machine- independent serial driver.

  • Schuyler Stultz for the loan of his Macintosh II when we desperately needed another machine on which to compile and test during the '93 Xmas vacation.

  • Tenon Intersystems for monetary donations, MachTen, and Brad's access to several machines and documentation after hours.

  • Virginia Tech English Department for loan of a IIci w/ NuBus video and 32MB of RAM--the first IIci to run NetBSD/Mac68k.

  • Colin Wood for maintaining a host of NetBSD/mac68k documentation, including the FAQ, Meta-FAQ, and OS Info documents.