INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL - Installation procedure for NetBSD/pc532 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 1.4 on the _p_c_5_3_2 platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t. _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on Unix-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally pre- sented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UN*X-like operating system derived from the Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on twenty different system architectures featuring eight distinct families of CPUs, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 1.4 release contains complete binary re- leases for fourteen different machine types. (The six remaining are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distri- bution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, The X Window System, and nu- merous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist. CChhaannggeess SSiinnccee TThhee LLaasstt RReelleeaassee The NetBSD 1.4 release is a substantial improvement over its predeces- sors. We have provided numerous significant functional enhancements, in- cluding support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fix- es, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many userland enhancements. The results of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize the nearly two years of develop- ment that went into the NetBSD 1.4 release. Some highlights include: ++oo Substantial improvements in the TCP/IP implementation, including nu- merous performance enhancements and bug fixes by Jason Thorpe and others. ++oo A new, high efficiency kernel memory pool allocator by Paul Kranen- burg. This has been integrated into most kernel subsystems. ++oo A new, totally rewritten virtual memory subsystem, UVM, created by Chuck Cranor, which is substantially cleaner and better performing than the old Mach derived VM subsystem. ++oo Improved POSIX and XPG standards compliance. ++oo Completion of the integration of all remaining 4.4BSD Lite-2 kernel improvements and bug fixes that had not been previously integrated. (Integration of all userland components was completed before NetBSD 1.3) ++oo Several new ports, including macppc, bebox, sparc64, next68k, and others, have been integrated into the source tree. ++oo The system compilers have been upgraded to egcs 1.1.1, and the system compiler toolchain now (mostly) uses the latest versions of GNU binu- tils instead of the obsolete versions left over from 4.4BSD Lite. ++oo Everyone's favorite ftp(1) client has been improved even further. See the man page for details. ++oo A new architecture independent console driver, wscons(4), has been integrated into many ports. ++oo Numerous improvements have been made to the audio subsystem support, including support for MIDI device drivers. ++oo Linux compatibility support has been improved. ++oo A number of scheduler enhancements have yielded dramatic improvements in interactive performance and better control of background tasks. ++oo Several network tunneling protocols, including GRE and IP in IP, have been implemented. ++oo Kernel support for the CODA distributed file system has been added. ++oo Manuel Bouyer completed major changes to the IDE support. It is now architecture independent. Major changes have been made to the IDE code for better error handling, improved ATAPI support, 32 bit data I/O support and bus-master DMA support on PCI IDE controllers. ++oo Lennart Augustsson has added full USB support, permitting the use of a wide variety of Universal Serial Bus peripherals. The drivers should easily port to any future platforms that support the PCI bus. See usb(4) for an overview. ++oo RAIDframe, version 1.1, from the Parallel Data Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University, has been integrated. Supports RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, and more. ++oo Luke Mewburn added nsswitch.conf(5) functionality to the system to specify the search order for system databases. ++oo syslogd(8) now supports listening on multiple sockets, to make the chrooting of servers easier. ++oo Most third party packages have been updated to the latest stable re- lease. As has been noted, there have also been innumerable bug fixes. Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue. For the pc532 port, there are a few known problems. They include: 1. ppp reports a lot of input errors on some machines. 2. Some tape drives do not work very well. Some have hung the system. 3. The serial drivers do not have all the desired features. (ttyflags is the most glaring omission.) TThhee FFuuttuurree ooff NNeettBBSSDD The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of com- puter software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project. The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by: ++oo providing better organization to keep track of development efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in related fields. ++oo providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and to own the resources necessary to run the NetBSD Project. ++oo providing a better position from which to undertake promotional ac- tivities. ++oo periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested people to discuss ongoing work. We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambi- tion is to provide a full release every six to eight months. We hope to support even _m_o_r_e hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD. We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. In addition, we intend to provide Anonymous CVS access to the NetBSD source tree in the near fu- ture, so that anyone on the internet can examine the full NetBSD source code repository. We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources sub- mit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the us- ability of the system. Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for and because of them that NetBSD exists. SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD _N_e_t_B_S_D _M_i_r_r_o_r _S_i_t_e _L_i_s_t The following sites mirror NetBSD as of April 03, 1999. If you wish to become a distribution site for NetBSD, contact _m_i_r_r_o_r_s_@_n_e_t_b_s_d_._o_r_g. FTP mirrors Australia ftp.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne ftp://ftp.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ ftp2.au.netbsd.org University of Queensland, Brisbane ftp://ftp2.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Austria ftp.at.netbsd.org University of Technology, Vienna ftp://ftp.at.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Brazil ftp.ravel.ufrj.br Cidade Universitaria ftp://ftp.ravel.ufrj.br/pub/NetBSD/ Denmark ftp.dk.netbsd.org Aalborg University ftp://ftp.dk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Finland ftp.fi.netbsd.org The Finnish University and Research Network, Espoo ftp://ftp.fi.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ France ftp.fr.netbsd.org Paris University ftp://ftp.fr.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Germany ftp.de.netbsd.org University of Trier ftp://ftp.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ ftp2.de.netbsd.org University of Erlangen-Nuremberg ftp://ftp2.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ ftp.uni-regensburg.de University of Regensburg ftp://ftp.uni-regensburg.de/pub/comp/os/NetBSD/ Japan ftp.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo ftp://ftp.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ core.ring.gr.jp Electrotechnical Laboratory ftp://core.ring.gr.jp/pub/NetBSD/ ftp.dti.ad.jp Dream Train Internet Inc., Tokyo ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/NetBSD/ mirror.nucba.ac.jp Nagoya University of Commerce and Business ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/NetBSD/ netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp Tohoku University, Sendai ftp://netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp/NetBSD/ ring.asahi-net.or.jp ASAHI Net ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/NetBSD/ Netherlands ftp.nl.netbsd.org University of Amsterdam ftp://ftp.nl.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Norway ftp.no.netbsd.org Bergen IT Consult AS ftp://ftp.no.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ ftp.ntnu.no Norwegian University of Science and Technology ftp://ftp.ntnu.no/pub/NetBSD/ Russia ftp.ru.netbsd.org Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka ftp://ftp.ru.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ Sweden ftp.stacken.kth.se Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OS/NetBSD/ ftp.sunet.se Swedish University NETwork, Uppsala ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/os/NetBSD/ UK ftp.uk.netbsd.org Domino, London ftp://ftp.uk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ sunsite.org.uk ftp://sunsite.org.uk/packages/netbsd/ USA ftp.netbsd.org Silicon Valley, California ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/ ftp.cs.umn.edu University of Minnesota ftp://ftp.cs.umn.edu/pub/NetBSD ftp.eecs.umich.edu University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/NetBSD/ ftp.iastate.edu Iowa State University ftp://ftp.iastate.edu/pub/netbsd/ ftp.op.net ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/NetBSD/ AFS mirrors Sweden ftp.stacken.kth.se Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm AFS path: /afs/stacken.kth.se/ftp/pub/OS/NetBSD USA ftp.iastate.edu Iowa State University AFS path: /afs/iastate.edu/public/ftp/pub/netbsd NFS mirrors UK sunsite.org.uk Instructions: mount -o ro sunsite.org.uk:/public/packages/netb- sd /mnt SUP mirrors Australia sup.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne Instructions: ftp://sup.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup France sup.fr.netbsd.org Paris University Instructions: Similar to sup.netbsd.org Germany sup.de.netbsd.org University of Trier Instructions: ftp://sup.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/sup- file.example Japan sup.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo Instructions: ftp://sup.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup Norway sup.no.netbsd.org Norwegian University of Science and Technology Instructions: See /usr/src/share/examples/supfiles/sup.no.netb- sd.org UK sup.uk.netbsd.org Domino, London Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetB- SD/sup/README.sup USA sup.netbsd.org Silicon Valley, California Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetB- SD/sup/README.sup ftp.cs.umn.edu University of Minnesota Instructions: hostbase=/ftp/ftp/packages/NetBSD, collections are the same as on sup.NetBSD.ORG WWW mirrors Australia www.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne http://www.au.netbsd.org/ Austria www.at.netbsd.org University of Technology, Vienna http://www.at.netbsd.org/ Finland www.fi.netbsd.org Global Wire Oy, Lappeenranta http://www.fi.netbsd.org/ France www.fr.netbsd.org Paris University http://www.fr.netbsd.org/ Germany www.de.netbsd.org http://www.de.netbsd.org/ Japan www.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo http://www.jp.netbsd.org/ Norway www.no.netbsd.org Bergen IT Consult AS http://www.no.netbsd.org/ USA www.netbsd.org Western Washington State University http://www.netbsd.org/ www2.us.netbsd.org New York http://www.us.netbsd.org/ NNeettBBSSDD 11..44 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 1.4 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_1_._4_/ BUGS Known bugs list (somewhat incomplete and out of date). CHANGES Changes since earlier NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes. MIRRORS A list of sites that mirror the NetBSD 1.4 distribution. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. TODO NetBSD's todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date). patches/ Post-release source code patches. source/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one di- rectory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 1.4 has a binary distribution. There are also 'README.export-con- trol' files sprinkled liberally throughout the distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the distribution (i.e. the `do- mestic' portion) that may be subject to export regulations of the United States. It is your responsibility to determine whether or not it is le- gal for you to export these portions and to act accordingly. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the "source" subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: secrsrc.tgz: This set contains the "domestic" sources. These sources may be subject to United States export regulations. _4_2_1_K _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d gnusrc.tgz: This set contains the "gnu" sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. _1_9_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8_4_._2_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d syssrc.tgz: This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 1.4 kernel, config(8), and dbsym(8). _1_3_._5_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _6_6_._7_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d sharesrc.tgz: This set contains the "share" sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any par- ticular program, the sources for the typesettable docu- ment set, the dictionaries, and more. _3_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_1_._9_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d src.tgz: This set contains all of the NetBSD 1.4 sources which are not mentioned above. _1_6_._1_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _7_3_._6_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d Most of the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The secrsrc.tgz set is contained in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y subdirectory. This set, which is available only to users in the United States and Canada, contains the sources normally found in _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c_/_d_o_m_e_s_t_i_c - primarily kerberos and other cryptographic security related software. (Remember, because of United States law, it may not be legal to distribute this set to locations outside of the United States and Canada.) The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. They may be un- packed into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: ccaatt sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz || gguunnzziipp || ((ccdd //;; ttaarr xxppff -- )) The _s_e_t_s_/_S_p_l_i_t_/ and _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_/_S_p_l_i_t_/ subdirectories contain split versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The split sets are are named "set_name.xx" where "set_name" is the distribution set name, and "xx" is the sequence number of the file, starting with "aa" for the first file in the distribution set, then "ab" for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that distribution set.) The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with ccaatt as follows: ccaatt sseett__nnaammee..???? || gguunnzziipp || ((ccdd //;; ttaarr xxppff -- )) In each of the source distribution set directories, there is a file named _C_K_S_U_M_S which contains the checksums of the files in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) utility. You can use cksum to check the in- tegrity of the archives, if you suspect that one of the files is corrupt and have access to a cksum binary. Checksums based on other algorithms may also be present - see the release(7) man page for details. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_p_c_5_3_2 _S_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _S_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The pc532-specific portion of the NetBSD 1.4 release is found in the _p_c_5_3_2 subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_1_._4_/_p_c_5_3_2_/ _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes; this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicat- ing italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _s_e_t_s_/ pc532 binary distribution sets; see below. _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_/ pc532 security distribution; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _f_l_o_p_p_y_/ _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s_._g_z Installation file system obtained via SCSI floppy or download to RAM. _m_i_s_c_/ _d_o_w_n_l_o_a_d_._c_._g_z Source for the program to down- load inst-11.fs into memory via the pc532 ROM monitor. _B_i_n_a_r_y _D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _S_e_t_s The NetBSD pc532 binary distribution sets contain the binaries which com- prise the NetBSD 1.4 release for the pc532. There are eight binary dis- tribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _p_c_5_3_2_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 1.4 distribution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 1.4 pc532 bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t in- stall this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. _1_0_._4_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_6_._2_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. _8_._3_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_7_._5_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d eettcc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and _c_a_r_e_f_u_l_l_y upgrade your configuration files by hand.) _5_6_K _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _3_3_0_K _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. _2_._8_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _6_._8_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn This set contains a NetBSD/pc532 1.4 GENERIC kernel, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. _4_5_7_k _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _9_1_0_k _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. _4_._1_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_6_._8_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d mmiisscc This set includes the (rather large) system dictionaries, the typesettable document set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. _2_._2_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8_._5_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. _1_._3_M _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _4_._4_M _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d The pc532 distribution set does not include a security distribution. If you are in the US and want the security distribution you must get the se- curity source distribution and recompile libcrypt.a and recompile the following programs: ed(1), ftpd(8), makekey(8), rexecd(8), uucpd(8), init(8), lock(1), login(1), passwd(1), skeyinit(1), su(1), tn3270(1), and pppd(8). NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 3.3.3.1. Binary sets for the X Window system are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. xxccoonnttrriibb Programs that were contributed to X. xxffoonntt Fonts needed by X. The pc532 binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the files are /-relative and therefore are extracted _b_e_l_o_w the current directory. That is, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr xxffpp command from /. The initial installation process on a pc532 without a previous NetBSD in- stallation is supported by the following files: _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s A file system containing the boot loader and install ker- nel with a 2MB root. _d_o_w_n_l_o_a_d_._c The source for a program to download _i_n_s_t_-_1_1_._f_s into memo- ry via the pc532 ROM monitor. The upgrade process is supported by having a copy of a 1.4 kernel avail- able. This file is: _k_e_r_n_._t_g_z Contains a kernel produced from the _D_E_F_A_U_L_T configuration file in _p_c_5_3_2_/_c_o_n_f. _N_o_t_e Each directory in the pc532 binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does: All BSDSUM files are historic BSD checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --oo 11 _f_i_l_e All CKSUM files are POSIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm _f_i_l_e. All MD5 files are MD5 digests for the various files in that direc- tory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --mm _f_i_l_e. All SYSVSUM files are historic AT&T System V UNIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --oo --22 _f_i_l_e. The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files. NNeettBBSSDD//ppcc553322 SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD/pc532 1.4 runs on a PC532 computer. It supports a subset of the ``standard'' hardware to date. This is defined as: ++oo 4 - MB of memory ++oo 8 serial lines done by 4 scn2681 chips ++oo the NCR DP8490 SCSI chip (scsi only) -- Most SCSI disks work (fixed and floppy) -- A few SCSI tapes work -- Some SCSI CD-ROM drives work ++oo The Matthias Pfaller Parallel Port. NetBSD/pc532 currently expects the ROM monitor to be the "autoboot moni- tor" of Oct/Nov 1991. It includes support to set up auto booting of NetB- SD, including a secondary boot program that the autoboot monitor will load that in turn loads the NetBSD kernel from a NetBSD file system. Source and ROM images of the autoboot monitor are located at ffttpp::////ffttpp..ccss..wwwwuu..eedduu//ppuubb//ppcc553322//mmoonn..aauuttoo..ttaarr..ggzz Most of the pc532 specific development of NetBSD/pc532 was done on a ma- chine with 8 MB of memory. It should run with 4 MB of memory although it may be slower. GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa The "standard" method of getting NetBSD/pc532 onto your pc532 is via the console terminal and using the downloading parts of the ROM monitor. As such, usually another computer has the distribution on disk and is con- nected via a serial line to your pc532's console port. A terminal con- nected to the attached host computer is used to access the pc532 console via a terminal program. The source for a program called download is part of this distribution. Download sends data to the ROM monitor over the serial line. You may need to find and read the documentation about the ROM monitor download command and other low level comands. Other methods of getting NetBSD/pc532 on your pc532 may include SCSI tape or SCSI floppy disk or cloning a disk on a system already running NetB- SD/pc532. If you have some operating system already running on your pc532, you can use that OS to get NetBSD/pc532 on a hard disk much easier than with the ROM monitor. (NetBSD/pc532 was developed from Minix/pc532 until it was self hosting. You can run NetBSD and Minix or other OS off the same disk.) PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD IInnssttaallllaattiioonn The major preparation needed is to make sure you can recover any current bits stored on your pc532. If you don't care about your data on the disk, you don't need to do anything. IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm (IF you already have NetBSD/pc532 installed and you only want to update your system, see the next section.) To install NetBSD/pc532, there are several things you need to know. First, NetBSD "autoconfigs" the scsi devices. _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s has only support for disks configured into the kernel. Starting the search at SCSI address 0, lun 0 and increasing, the first disk found will be sd0 regard- less of the address, the second will be sd1. KLONDIKE for example has the following devices installed: ssdd00:: ID 0 LUN 0: Quantum LP52S hard disk drive ssdd11:: ID 1 LUN 0: Micropolis 4110 hard disk drive ssdd22:: ID 2 LUN 0: Teac FC-1, 3.5" floppy disk drive ssdd33:: ID 2 LUN 1: Teac FC-1, 5.25" floppy disk drive ccdd00:: ID 3 LUN 0: Toshiba XM-4101TA CD-ROM drive sstt00:: ID 4 LUN 0: Tandberg TDC3600 QIC tape drive Only sd0-sd3 are supported by the _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s kernel. Next you need to know what the install script wants to do. This install is script on the ram disk root that can do most of the work of configur- ing your disk. 1. The script assumes your are using the first n sectors of your disk, where you can specify n. It will allow you to create up to 5 file system partitions, one swap partition and one boot partition. 2. You should know how many total sectors are on your disk. The config- ure will report a head, track, and cylinder count, but I have found that on my disks, it reports something that makes a smaller disk than I really had. 3. It is possible to have the install script make a partition over your save area AND not make a new file system, thus preserving what is there. Then, later you can make a new file system after you no longer need the stuff there. You will need to do only one boot to get things working from the disk. _T_h_e _I_n_s_t_a_l_l _P_r_o_c_e_d_u_r_e_: 1. Adjust your console device settings. The floppy-144.fs kernel will come up with 9600 baud, 7 bits, even parity and one stop bit. Adjust your terminal to match these settings. The monitor's baud rate can be changed with "baud d'9600". 2. Get floppy-144.fs and boot the kernel from... _F_l_o_p_p_y From Floppy: (and using the autoboot monitor) If you have a 1.44 meg SCSI floppy drive, you can put flop- py-144.fs onto a 3.5" floppy disk. Insert the disk into your floppy drive and use the monitor's boot command to boot the default image from the floppy. The image boot- ed will ask you for a kernel to load. Answer ssdd_xaa:://nneettbbssdd Replace _x with your drive number. For KLONDIKE, _x would be 22. _T_a_p_e You will need to load a copy of _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s into RAM. - load the _f_l_o_p_p_y_-_1_4_4_._f_s at 0x260000 - run at 0x3BE020 The boot program will ask you now for a kernel to load. Answer mmdd00aa:://nneettbbssdd..ggzz _S_e_r_i_a_l _L_i_n_e Provided with the distribution is source for program called download. (download.c) This program when used as "download file" will read the contents of the file and output to stan- dard output a byte sequence used by the pc532 ROM moni- tor to download a binary file into RAM. Using this pro- gram on a computer connected to the pc532, one can load a copy of floppy-144.fs into RAM at 0x260000. The boot sequence is now the same as with tape. 3. The floppy-144.fs will run the new sysinst utility as the standard setup. It assumes a VT100 compatible terminal. If you don't want to try using sysinst or you dont' have a VT100, type f followed by the return. Then following these instructions for installation. If you want to use sysinst, read the i386 INSTALL instructions to learn about sysinst. Note: sysinst does not support SLIP or PPP connec- tions. 4. Choose a disk geometry. For me, the reported geometry left some sec- tors "unallocated". That is, the autoconfig message said the disk had 2428 cylinders, 9 heads, and 93 sectors/track. This gives a to- tal of 2032236 sectors, but I knew that I had 2053880 sectors. To help in this process, there is a program "factor" that is on the floppy-144.fs. The usage is "factor number" and it lists the prime factors of number. For example, with the 2053880 sector disk I got: $ ffaaccttoorr 22005533888800 2053880: 2 2 2 5 51347 Not many to choose from, so I tried ... $ ffaaccttoorr 22005533882200 2053820: 2 2 5 103 997 Now I'd like to get about a meg per track: $ eecchhoo ""22 ** 999977""||bbcc 1994 Now I need the number of tracks (or cylinders): $ eecchhoo ""22 ** 55 ** 110033""||bbcc 1030 So I ended up choosing 1030 cylinders, 1 head, 1994 sectors/track. I "lost" only 60 sectors, but got a "resonable geometry". 5. run "install" -- it will ask you for the disk geometry and other questions. It will ask you for the geometry and then ask you how many of those sectors you want to use for NetBSD. It also wants to know the size of your boot partition (to be used with the auto-boot monitor), your root partition, your swap partition, and then any other partitions you may want. For the "other" partitions, it will ask for a mount point. The mount point will be "relative to /" and should not include the leading "/". Also, IF you do not want the partition to have newfs run on it (that is it might be the last one and have a copy of floppy-144.fs) enter "NO" to the mount point and it will not run newfs on the partition. It will enter the partition into the disklabel. 6. look around, if you want ... and then halt NetBSD. 7. reboot the machine. Using the autoboot monitor, all you should have to do is give the ROM monitor command "boot". The secondary UFS boot program eventually times out and auto-loads /netbsd. You can get it to do it faster by hitting "return". If you are not using the autoboot monitor, you will have to figure out the starting sector of the boot images partition and manually load the NetBSD boot loader from the disk using the read command. If you would rather use the autoboot monitor you can get source and ROM images from the URL ffttpp::////ffttpp..ccss..wwwwuu..eedduu//ppuubb//ppcc553322//mmoonn..aauuttoo..ttaarr..ggzz 8. Now it is time to load all the other files of the distribution: You can do this via -- ++oo a TCP/IP link (slip, ppp or plip) you have ifconfig, slattach, route, netstat, hostname and ftp on the mini-root. You can even use nfs... Plip is only an option if you have installed a cen- tronics port in your pc532. You do have access to vi to edit your network files. (/etc/resolv.conf, ...) ++oo floppy disk ++oo tape ++oo cd-rom (If you have a CD with NetBSD/532, which most likely won't happen for a while after 1.4 release.) mmoouunntt --rrtt ccdd99666600 //ddeevv//ccdd00aa //mmnntt Get the .tgz files from the cd-rom ++oo Use the ROM compatable "download" program. The program download is included in the initial installation and can be used as the receive end of the download by using it as "download -r file_to_write". If the CRC is correct, the file is retained. If the CRC is not correct, the file is deleted. 9. Load the .tgz files. Choose a place to put them. I would make a di- rectory /gz.files and put them there. If you are "short on space," you might want to load them and extract them one at a time. A mini- mum installation is "base" and "etc". It takes about 32 Megs in- stalled + 20 Megs for the base.tgz. 10. Extract the tar files in /. For example, if your *.tgz were in a di- rectory /gz.files, to extract base.tgz you would: ccdd // ttaarr --xxppzzff //ggzz..ffiilleess//bbaassee..ttggzz ----uunnlliinnkk Add v to the flags if you want a verbose extract. The ----uunnlliinnkk is to make sure that the install versions of sh, init, ... are replaced by their proper versons in base.tgz. I think it is wise to include the ----uunnlliinnkk for other things. 11. Extract at least "base", "etc" and "kern" for a new installation. For "update" extracts, move /etc to /etc.old and then extract "etc". You should extract "etc" for upgrades. For "full" installations, extract all files. 12. Edit the information in /etc rc.conf Many things can be configured here hosts host name and address information resolv.conf which nameserver to use ttys make sure the console entry has the correct speed gettytab I find "ap" instead of "ep" in the default entry works better for me. fstab make sure it includes all partitions you want mounted Now you can adjust the kernel's default baud rate to match your mon- itor's default baud rate. Do the following: ggddbb --ww //nneettbbssdd sseett ssccnnddeeffaauullttrraattee == _y_o_u_r___b_a_u_d___r_a_t_e qquuiitt where _y_o_u_r___b_a_u_d___r_a_t_e is the actual value, 19200, 38400 or something slower than 9600. If you set scndefaultrate to something bogus, you'll probably not be able to reboot... So be carefull! 13. Reboot the machine and it should come up in multi-user mode *IF* you got it configured correctly. 14. Enjoy! And help fix bugs and improve NetBSD/pc532! PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a propperly configured state, with the most important ones described below. 1. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root filesystem mounted read-write. When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply hit return to get to a prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vvtt222200 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and hit return. At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can proceed. If your _/_u_s_r directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use 'ed' or 'ex', you will have to mount your _/_u_s_r partition to gain access to 'vi'. Do the follow- ing: mmoouunntt //uussrr eexxppoorrtt TTEERRMM==vvtt222200 If you have _/_v_a_r on a seperate partition, you need to repeat that step for it. After that, you can edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f with vi(1). When you have finished, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked en- vironment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e, furthermore add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your interface , along the lines of ifconfig_de0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_de0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Other files in _/_e_t_c that are new to NetBSD 1.4 and may require modi- fication or setting up include _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f, _/_e_t_c_/_n_s_s_w_i_t_c_h_._c_o_n_f and _/_e_t_c_/_w_s_c_o_n_s_._c_o_n_f. 2. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. 3. Adding accounts Use the vipw(8) command to add accounts to your system, _d_o _n_o_t edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly. See adduser(8) for more information on the process of how to add a new user to the system. 4. The X Window System If you have installed the X window system, look at the files in _/_u_s_r_/_X_1_1_R_6_/_l_i_b_/_X_1_1_/_d_o_c for information. Don't forget to add _/_u_s_r_/_X_1_1_R_6_/_b_i_n to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries. 5. Installing 3rd party packages There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, almost all of which can run on NetBSD. Modifications are usually needed to when transferring programs between different Unix-like systems, so the NetBSD packages collection incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run on NetBSD, and makes the installation (and deinstallation) of the software packages easy. There's also the option of building a package from source, in case there's no precompiled binary available. Precompiled binaries can be found at ffttpp::////ffttpp..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess// Package sources for compiling packages can be obtained by retrieving the file ffttpp::////ffttpp..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD-- ccuurrrreenntt//ttaarr__ffiilleess//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz and extracting it into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c. See _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_R_E_A_D_M_E then for more information. 6. Misc ++oo To adjust the system to your local timezone, point the _/_e_t_c_/_l_o_c_a_l_t_i_m_e symlink to the appropriate file under _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_z_o_n_e_i_n_f_o. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place (run newaliases(1) afterwards.) ++oo The _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f file will almost definitely need to be ad- justed; files aiding in this can be found in _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l. See the README file there for more infor- mation. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the manu- al; so just invoking mmaann _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The upgrade to NetBSD 1.4 is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult to advance to a later version by recompiling from source due primarily to interdependencies in the various components. To do the upgrade, you must have at least base.tgz on disk and a copy of the proper netbsd.default. It will require quite a bit of disk space to do the upgrade. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, and most of the system bi- naries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly ad- vised to BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process. To upgrade your system, follow the following instructions: ++oo Assuming you have space, load the .tgz files onto disk some place. Then boot the floppy-144.fs image via the method you use. Under the install system, extract the .tgz files as mentioned below or read the i386 INSTALL notes for how to use sysinst. ++oo Extract the .tgz files. For example, to extract base.tgz: ccdd // ppaaxx --zzrrvvppee --ff //ggzz..ffiilleess//bbaassee..ttggzz ++oo Extract all the .tgz files you want. You should carefully work at upgrading /etc. There may be changes to file formats depending on what version of NetBSD/pc532 you are running. ++oo _B_e _c_a_r_e_f_u_l _i_f _y_o_u _a_r_e _n_o_t _r_u_n_n_i_n_g _w_i_t_h _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_. The 1.4 distribu- tion does contain support for password encryption. If you are up- grading from 1.0, it would be reasonable to save a copy of mas- ter.passwd and remove all passwords until after you upgrade. (NetB- SD-1.0 did not ship with password encryption.) ++oo Place netbsd.default in / as the file netbsd. ++oo Reboot. (Remember, detbsd.default is a 9600 console line kernel. Read the last part of the new installation part of these notes to find out how to change your default speed.) ++oo After reboot, you should make sure you check your new file systems. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 1.4 _N_o_t_e Only issues effecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.3 or NetBSD 1.3.x are decribed here. ++oo "machine" directory/link in "/usr/include" Description Some architecture may fail to install the ccoommpp set because the /usr/include/machine directory changed to a symbolic link in NetBSD 1.4. Fix If this happens, you can use the command # rrmm --rr //uussrr//iinncclluuddee//mmaacchhiinnee to remove the old directory and it contents and reinstall the ccoommpp set. UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by ``name(section)''. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropros(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is op- tional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5)m enter mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc- tions. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_- _c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports in- clude lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_b_u_g_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G. Use of send-pr(1) is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses. If you're inter- ested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the "owner" of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_h_e_l_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP some- where, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. ++oo Also, our thanks go to: Mike Hibler Rick Macklem Jan-Simon Pendry Chris Torek for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done. ++oo UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and for a long time provided the primary FTP site for NetBSD. ++oo Vixie Enterprises for hosting the NetBSD FTP and SUP server. ++oo Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD Mail server. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo Dave Burgess _b_u_r_g_e_s_s_@_c_y_n_j_u_t_._i_n_f_o_n_e_t_._n_e_t has been maintaining the 386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be recognized for it. ++oo The following individuals and organiztions (each in alphabetical or- der) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to sup- port NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it: Jason Birnschein Jason Brazile David Brownlee Simon Burge Dave Burgess Ralph Campbell Brian Carlstrom James Chacon Bill Coldwell Charles Conn Tom Coulter Charles D. Cranor Christopher G. Demetriou Scott Ellis Hubert Feyrer Greg Gingerich Guenther Grau Ross Harvey Charles M. Hannum Michael L. Hitch Jordan K. Hubbard Scott Kaplan Noah M. Keiserman Chris Legrow Neil J. McRae Perry E. Metzger Herb Peyerl Mike Price Thor Lancelot Simon Bill Sommerfeld Paul Southworth Ted Spradley Kimmo Suominen Jason R. Thorpe Steve Wadlow Advanced System Products, Inc. Avalon Computer Systems Bay Area Internet Solutions Canada Connect Corporation Demon Internet, UK Digital Equipment Corporation Easynet, UK Free Hardware Foundation Innovation Development Enterprises of America Internet Software Consortium MS Macro System GmbH, Germany Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center Piermont Information Systems Inc. VMC Harald Frank, Germany (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) WWee aarree...... (in alphabetical order) _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _c_o_r_e _g_r_o_u_p_: Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G _T_h_e _p_o_r_t_m_a_s_t_e_r_s _(_a_n_d _t_h_e_i_r _p_o_r_t_s_)_: Mark Brinicombe _m_a_r_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G aarrmm3322 Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ssuunn33xx Ross Harvey _r_o_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G aallpphhaa Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G aammiiggaa Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ssppaarrcc6644 Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ssppaarrcc Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G vvaaxx Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G mmaaccppppcc Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G nneewwssmmiippss Minoura Makoto _m_i_n_o_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G xx6688kk Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ppcc553322 Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G mmaacc6688kk Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G nneexxtt6688kk Gordon Ross _g_w_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ssuunn33,, ssuunn33xx Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G bbeebbooxx Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ppoowweerrppcc Jonathan Stone _j_o_n_a_t_h_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ppmmaaxx Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G hhpp330000 Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ii338866 Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G aattaarrii Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G mmvvmmee6688kk _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _1_._4 _R_e_l_e_a_s_e _E_n_g_i_n_e_e_r_i_n_g _t_e_a_m_: Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Curt Sampson _c_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G _D_e_v_e_l_o_p_e_r_s _a_n_d _o_t_h_e_r _c_o_n_t_r_i_b_u_t_o_r_s_: Steve Allen _w_o_r_m_e_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Lennart Augustsson _a_u_g_u_s_t_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Christoph Badura _b_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Robert V. Baron _r_v_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G John Brezak _b_r_e_z_a_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Allen Briggs _b_r_i_g_g_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Aaron Brown _a_b_r_o_w_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Dave Burgess _b_u_r_g_e_s_s_@_c_y_n_j_u_t_._i_n_f_o_n_e_t_._n_e_t Dave Carrel _c_a_r_r_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Bill Coldwell _b_i_l_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Chuck Cranor _c_h_u_c_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Aidan Cully _a_i_d_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Rob Deker _d_e_k_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Chris G. Demetriou _c_g_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Enami Tsugutomo _e_n_a_m_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Bernd Ernesti _v_e_e_g_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Erik Fair _f_a_i_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Hubert Feyrer _h_u_b_e_r_t_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Thorsten Frueauf _f_r_u_e_a_u_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Brian R. Gaeke _b_r_g_@_d_g_a_t_e_._o_r_g Thomas Gerner _t_h_o_m_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Justin Gibbs _g_i_b_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Adam Glass _g_l_a_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Michael Graff _e_x_p_l_o_r_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Brad Grantham _g_r_a_n_t_h_a_m_@_t_e_n_o_n_._c_o_m Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Juergen Hannken-Illjes _h_a_n_n_k_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Charles M. Hannum _m_y_c_r_o_f_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Eric Haszlakiewicz _e_r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Michael L. Hitch _o_s_y_m_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Ken Hornstein _k_e_n_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Marc Horowitz _m_a_r_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G ITOH Yasufumi _i_t_o_h_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Matthew Jacob _m_j_a_c_o_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj _l_o_n_h_y_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Lawrence Kesteloot _k_e_s_t_e_l_o_o_@_c_s_._u_n_c_._e_d_u Klaus Klein _k_l_e_i_n_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G John Kohl _j_t_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Kevin Lahey _k_m_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Mike Long _m_i_k_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Paul Mackerras _p_a_u_l_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Neil J. McRae _n_e_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G der Mouse _m_o_u_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Masaru Oki _o_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Greg Oster _o_s_t_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Herb Peyerl _h_p_e_y_e_r_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Matthias Pfaller _m_a_t_t_h_i_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Dante Profeta _d_a_n_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Chris Provenzano _p_r_o_v_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Darren Reed _d_a_r_r_e_n_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Heiko W. Rupp _h_w_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Curt Sampson _c_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Wilfredo Sanchez _w_s_a_n_c_h_e_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Ty Sarna _t_s_a_r_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Matthias Scheler _t_r_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Karl Schilke (rAT) _r_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Tim Shepard _s_h_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Thor Lancelot Simon _t_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Bill Sommerfeld _s_o_m_m_e_r_f_e_l_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Bill Studenmund _w_r_s_t_u_d_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Kevin Sullivan _s_u_l_l_i_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Kimmo Suominen _k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Christoph Toshok _t_o_s_h_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Todd Vierling _t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Paul Vixie _v_i_x_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Krister Walfridsson _k_r_i_s_t_e_r_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G Colin Wood _e_n_d_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._O_R_G LLeeggaall MMuummbboo--JJuummbboo The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document: This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engi- neering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles Han- num. This product includes software developed by Adam Glass. This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and Wash- ington University. This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum, by the Uni- versity of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum. This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum. This product includes software developed by Chris Provenzano. This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas. This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross. This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley. This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story. This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross. This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross and Leo Wep- pelman. This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross. This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl. This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall. This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Com- munications, http://www.and.com/. This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes. This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by John Polstra. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield. This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey. This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman. This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe. This product includes software developed by Markus Wild. This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann and Wolfgang Solfrank. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson. This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller. This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras. This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson. This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes. This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram. This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert. This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt and John Brezak. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci- ence at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary De- partment of Computer Science and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project. This product includes software developed for the Internet Software Con- sortium by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthieu Herrb. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier- mont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by the Alice Group. This product includes software developed by Philip L. Budne. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson. This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller. This product includes software at the Helsinki University of Technology. _S_o_m_e _f_i_l_e_s _h_a_v_e _t_h_e _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g _c_o_p_y_r_i_g_h_t_: Copyright (c) 1992 Helsinki University of Technology All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its doc- umentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both no- tices appear in supporting documentation. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DISCLAIMS ANY LIA- BILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. _A_t _l_e_a_s_t _o_n_e _f_i_l_e _c_o_n_t_a_i_n_s_: Copyright 1990 by Open Software Foundation, Grenoble, FRANCE All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documen- tation, and that the name of OSF or Open Software Foundation not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. OSF DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL OSF BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAM- AGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. _S_o_m_e _f_i_l_e_s _h_a_v_e _t_h_e _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g _c_o_p_y_r_i_g_h_t_: Mach Operating System Copyright (c) 1992 Carnegie Mellon University Copy- right (c) 1992 Helsinki University of Technology All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its doc- umentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both no- tices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON AND HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ALLOW FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON AND HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAM- AGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to redistribute these changes. _T_h_e _I_E_E_E _f_l_o_a_t_i_n_g _p_o_i_n_t _s_u_p_p_o_r_t _i_n _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c_/_s_y_s_/_a_r_c_h_/_p_c_5_3_2_/_f_p_u _h_a_s _t_h_e _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g _c_o_p_y_r_i_g_h_t_: IEEE floating point support for NS32081 and NS32381 fpus. Copyright (c) 1995 Ian Dall All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its doc- umentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both no- tices appear in supporting documentation. IAN DALL ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. IAN DALL DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RE- SULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. NetBSD 23 March 1999 26