INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NAME INSTALL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/amiga. CONTENTS About this Document............................................2 What is NetBSD?................................................2 Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0.1 and 5.0.2 Releases............3 Security Advisory Fixes.....................................3 Kernel......................................................3 Networking..................................................4 Drivers.....................................................4 Platform specific...........................................4 Miscellaneous...............................................4 Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 5.0.1 Releases..............6 Security Advisory Fixes.....................................6 Kernel......................................................6 Networking..................................................7 Drivers.....................................................7 Platform specific...........................................7 Userland....................................................8 Miscellaneous...............................................8 Changes Between The NetBSD 4.0 and 5.0 Releases................8 General kernel..............................................9 Networking.................................................10 File systems...............................................10 Security...................................................11 Drivers....................................................11 Platforms..................................................16 Userland...................................................22 Components removed from NetBSD.............................26 Known Problems.............................................27 Features to be removed in a later release.....................27 The NetBSD Foundation.........................................27 Sources of NetBSD.............................................27 NetBSD 5.0.2 Release Contents.................................27 NetBSD/amiga subdirectory structure........................28 Miniroot file system.......................................29 Binary distribution sets...................................29 NetBSD/amiga System Requirements and Supported Devices........30 Supported devices..........................................31 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................32 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................35 Preparing your hard disk with HDToolBox....................35 Transferring the miniroot file system......................36 Installing the NetBSD System..................................37 Booting....................................................37 Once your kernel boots.....................................38 Post installation steps.......................................40 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................42 Once your kernel boots.....................................43 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............44 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 3.x releases.......45 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases.......46 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................46 Administrivia.................................................47 Thanks go to..................................................47 We are........................................................48 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................54 The End.......................................................60 DESCRIPTION About this Document This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 5.0.2 on the amiga platform. It is available in four different formats titled INSTALL.ext, where .ext is one of .ps, .html, .more, or .txt: .ps PostScript. .html Standard Internet HTML. .more The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line man pages are generally pre- sented. .txt Plain old ASCII. You are reading the ASCII version. What is NetBSD? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net- working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on 57 different system architectures (ports) across 15 distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 5.0.2 release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. Please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.NetBSD.org/ for information on them.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly por- table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist. Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0.1 and 5.0.2 Releases The NetBSD 5.0.2 release is the second critical/security update of the NetBSD 5.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical for stability or security reasons. Please note that all fixes in critical/security updates (i.e., NetBSD 5.0.1, 5.0.2, etc.) are cumulative, so the latest update contains all such fixes since the corresponding minor release. These fixes will also appear in future minor releases (i.e., NetBSD 5.1, 5.2, etc.), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-5.0.2: http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0.2/CHANGES-5.0.2 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release tree. An abbreviated list is as follows: Security Advisory Fixes o NetBSD-SA2010-002 (OpenSSL TLS renegotiation man in the middle vul- nerability): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2010-002.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2010-003 (azalia(4)/hdaudio(4) negative mixer index panic): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2010-003.txt.asc Advisories prior to NetBSD-SA2010-002 do not affect NetBSD 5.0.1: http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/patches-5.0.1.html o openssl: Fix CVE-2009-4355. o Update BIND server and tools to 9.5.2-P2, fixing CVE-2009-0025, CVE-2009-4022, and CVE-2010-0097. o ntpd(8): Fix CVE-2009-3563. o expat: Fix SA36425 and CVE-2009-3560. o fts(3): Avoid possible integer overflow on really deep dirs, and sub- sequent collateral damage. Received from OpenBSD via US-CERT as VU #590371. o Fix a couple issues with POSIX message queues: - An invalid signal number passed to mq_notify() could crash the kernel on delivery -- add a boundary check. - A user could set mq_maxmsg (the maximal number of messages in a queue) to a huge value on mq_open(O_CREAT) and later use up all kernel memory by mq_send() -- add a sysctl'able limit which defaults to 16*mq_def_maxmsg. o arc4random(3): Keep arc4_i and arc4_j synchronised after a rekeying. This prevents accidentally ending up in a short ARC4 cycle. Kernel o Fix a UFS quota crash. o Fix a case where setpriority(2) returned EACCES instead of EPERM. PR 41489. o Fix panic when calling ioctl(RNDADDDATA) on /dev/random. o Fix a memory leak that could occur when using clone(2). o Fix an issue where a softint could fire on the wrong CPU. o sigtimedwait(2): Fix a memory leak. PR 40750. Networking o IPv6: Clear cksum flags before any further processing, like ip_for- ward does. Many drivers set the UDP/TCP v4 flags even for v6 traffic and if the packet is encapsulated with gif, the IPv6 header would get corrupted by ip_output. o IPsec: Add a missing splx() call. PR 41701. o ifconfig(8): Fix the -vlanif and -carpdev keywords. o Update dhcpcd(8) to 4.0.14. Drivers o twa(4): Disable completely bogus DIAGNOSTIC check. o mfi(4): Fix a couple crashes. o pad(4): Catch up to audio(4) device_t/softc split. Platform specific o x86 (amd64 and i386): ichlpcib(4): Fix watchdog code: - The timer bound constants are in tick, so convert period to tick before checking it against the bounds. - For ICH5 or older, fix code that would have always written a 0 period to the register. o amd64: Build kernel modules with -mno-red-zone to ensure kernel com- patibility. o i386: Fix a panic while booting with an ACPI kernel on 790GX boards. PR 39671. o alpha: Fix some SMP issues. PRs 41106, 38335, and 42174. o hpcmips: Fix booting from PCMCIA on some slower machines. PRs 41791 and 41164. o macppc: pbms(4): Fix crash on attach, and fix aspect ratio of the trackpad on the geyser2 model. o sparc64: Improve disk I/O performance under heavy load. o vax: mfpr now works nicely on 4000/90. Miscellaneous o libevent: Add -fno-strict-aliasing to work around problems with GCC 4 and strict-aliasing. o Update pkg_install to 20091008. - pkg_add(1): add support for checking license conditions before installation - pkg_delete(1): add -k option to skip over preserved packages. - WARNS=4 clean; fix some potential uses of uninitialized variables - Add a new command for pkg_admin(1): findbest. It takes one or more patterns and searches for the best match in PKG_PATH, just like pkg_add(1) would. It prints the URLs of the best match for each pattern to stdout. - Rewrite the config file parser to read the file only once. - Fix a bug in pkg_add's -P handling. For dependencies the pkgdb path was computed incorrectly and included destdir more than once. - Fix the ACTIVE_FTP option to actually set the "a" flag and not the old "p" flag. - Restore "pkg_add -f" functionality for missing dependencies. PR 42001. - "pkg_admin rebuild" should count packages correctly; also count @pkgdir. - Fix gpg-sign-package syntax in pkg_admin(1). - Change default URL for pkg-vulnerabilities to use HTTP. - Don't dereference a null pointer for "pkg_admin add" o Fix unaligned access in sha2(3). PR 42273. o newsyslog(8): Reset ziptype on each line. Fixes a bug where log files were always compressed if they were listed after a line with the Z or J flag. o ld.elf_so(1): Restore backwards compatibility for binaries referenc- ing the main Obj_Entry. o dkctl(8): Print the device name on addwedge when the addition was successful. o vfwprintf(3): If the current locale doesn't define the 'thousands' grouping info then use sane defaults (',' every 3 digits). Fixes PR 40714. o fsck_ext2fs(8): Ignore the "-P" option as intended. PR 41490. o vi(1): Fix an issue where the pattern / doesn't match a dollar sign. PR 41781. o printf(1): Avoid segv on "printf '%*********s' 666". o newfs_msdos(8): Make fs size detection get proper size rather than disk size. Without this, newfs_msdos assumes the target fs size is whole disk size, so newfs_msdos will fail or create wrong fs. o Prevent makefs(8) from creating invalid ISO format on rockridge sup- port which causes fatal errors in ARC BIOS firmware on MIPS Magnum R4000. PR 42410. o Renamed a number of internal getline() functions to get_line() so as to compile under -current. o Various documentation fixes. o Update and add some TNF ssh keys to /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts. Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 5.0.1 Releases The NetBSD 5.0.1 release is the first critical/security update of the NetBSD 5.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical for stability or security reasons. Please note that all fixes in critical/security updates (i.e., NetBSD 5.0.1, 5.0.2, etc.) are cumulative, so the latest update contains all such fixes since the corresponding minor release. These fixes will also appear in future minor releases (i.e., NetBSD 5.1, 5.2, etc.), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-5.0.1: http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0.1/CHANGES-5.0.1 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0.1 release tree. An abbreviated list is as follows: Security Advisory Fixes o NetBSD-SA2009-004 (NetBSD OpenPAM passwd(1) changing weakness): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-004.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-005 (Plaintext Recovery Attack Against SSH): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-005.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-006 (Buffer overflows in ntp): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-006.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-007 (Buffer overflows in hack(6)): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-007.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-008 (OpenSSL ASN1 parsing denial of service and CMS signature verification weakness): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-008.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-009 (OpenSSL DTLS Memory Exhaustion and DSA signature verification vulnerabilities): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-009.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-010 (ISC dhclient subnet-mask flag stack overflow): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-010.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-011 (ISC DHCP server Denial of Service vulnerability): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-011.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-012 (SHA2 implementation potential buffer overflow): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-012.txt.asc o NetBSD-SA2009-013 (BIND named dynamic update Denial of Service vul- nerability): http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2009-013.txt.asc Advisories prior to NetBSD-SA2009-004 do not affect NetBSD 5.0: http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/patches-5.0.html Kernel o Fix random ``filesystem full'' messages on large FFS file systems. o Fix a regression in the 4.4BSD scheduler, improving interactive per- formance under load. o Remove a race where physio_done() may use memory already freed. Fixes PR kern/39536. o Fix a crash observed when trying to load a corrupted ELF kernel mod- ule. o Fix PR kern/41566, where writes on the controlling tty were not being awoken from blocks. o Various fixes for POSIX message queues. o Fix a possible deadlock in the VFS subsystem. o Fixes for POSIX advisory locks. o A number of other stability fixes. Networking o Follow exactly the recommendation of draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpse- cure-11.txt: Don't check gainst the last ack received, but the expected sequence number. This makes RST handling independent of delayed ACK. o Fix a panic when trying to disable IPFilter before enabling it. Fixes PR kern/41364. Drivers o ehci(4): Add a workaround for ATI SB600 and SB700 revisions A12 and A13 to avoid a USB subsystem hang when the system has multiple USB devices connected to it or one device is re-connected often. o wm(4): - On i82563, FreeBSD's em driver says that the ready bit in the MDIC register may be incorrectly set. Insert delay(200) like the em driver. Fixes PR kern/41014. - Add workaround for 82543GC. We need to force speed and duplex on the MAC equal to what the PHY speed and duplex configuration is. Fixes PR kern/36430. - Fix many problems and panic on TBI's cards (PR kern/32009). Platform specific o x86 (amd64 and i386): Add a workaround for a bug with some Opteron revisions where locked operations sometimes do not serve as memory barriers, allowing memory references to bleed outside of critical sections. o amd64: Handle protection faults properly, returning SIGSEGV instead of SIGBUS. o hp300: Make install.md probe cd(4) devices properly. o pmax: Make ksyms(4) actually work. o sh3: Fix logic error in copyinstr() when deciding whether to return EFAULT or ENAMETOOLONG. o sparc64: - Fix long double support in 32bit libc. Fixes PR port- sparc64/41406. - When preparing the initial trap frame for a new forked lwp, explicitly clear condition code. Otherwise we might catch a sig- nal before we ever return to userland. Fixes PR port- sparc64/41302. o vax: binutils: Allocate relocation section using bfd_zalloc() to ensure no garbage relocations when not all the entries are used. Fixes PR port-vax/39182. Userland o Update pkg_install to 20090724. Note: pkg_install now depends on the pkgdb cache for automatic con- flict detection. It is recommended to rebuild the cache with # pkg_admin rebuild audit-packages.conf(5) has been superseded by pkg_install.conf(5). The default configuration is the same. Support for pkg_view(1) has been retired. The functionality of audit-packages(1) and download-vulnerability-list(1) has moved into pkg_admin(1). However, wrapper scripts that handle the common use cases are provided. o Update libfetch to 2.23. o racoonctl(8): Adjust ADMINPORTDIR to match that of racoon (/var/run). Fixes PR bin/41376. o schedctl(8): Skip LSIDL and LSZOMB threads when retrieving info. o postinstall(8) now knows about /etc/dhcpcd.conf. Miscellaneous o The X.Org s3 driver now works. o Install the Xvidtune app-defaults file. o Fixes to Linux compat: - In sendmsg(2), do copy the msghdr structure before trying to use it. - In linux_sys_sched_getaffinity(), do not leak memory on error. o Various METALOG fixes, including sorting entries. Addresses PR toolchain/24457 and PR bin/41155. Changes Between The NetBSD 4.0 and 5.0 Releases The NetBSD 5.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhance- ments, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhance- ments. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that went into the NetBSD 5.0 release. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES: http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/CHANGES and CHANGES-5.0: http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/CHANGES-5.0 files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0 release tree. Some highlights include: General kernel o Introduced new synchronization primitives and made almost all core kernel subsystems use fine-grained locking, resulting in much greater performance on MP systems. See mutex(9), rwlock(9), and condvar(9). o The threading system was rewritten and is now based on a 1:1 model. o Made the process scheduler modular, allowing for different scheduling algorithms to be selected. o The default scheduler implementation was rewritten, giving large per- formance improvements on SMP systems, and bringing support for real- time and time-sharing classes. o Added support for SCHED_M2, a second scheduling algorithm, as an alternative to the original SCHED_4BSD algorithm. o Added support for POSIX real-time scheduling extensions. o Added support for POSIX asynchronous I/O. o Added support for POSIX message queues. o Added support for processor sets, CPU sets, and thread affinity. See pset(3), cpuset(3), and affinity(3). o Added MI code to support in-kernel preemption and made i386 and amd64 use it. See kpreempt(9). o Added a new implementation of software interrupts in a machine-inde- pendent way to provide software interrupts with thread context. All ports were made to use it. See softint(9). o Added support for per-system call statistics. o Added support for per-CPU work-queues. See workqueue(9). o Added support for kernel core dumps to software RAID 1 sets. o Added mremap(2), to remap virtual memory addresses. o Added support for dynamic changing of SysV message queues and sema- phore limits. o Improved pagedaemon behavior on memory shortage. o Added TFTPROOT option for TFTPing root ramdisk at root mount time. o Added putter(9) (Pass-to-Userspace Transporter), a generic request- response handler for kernel-attached userspace daemons. o Added a new power management framework, pmf(9). o By default, the kernel no longer enters ddb(4) if it panics. To get the old behavior, set ddb.onpanic to 1 in /etc/sysctl.conf. o ddb(4): Added a ``whatis'' command, inspired by Solaris. o All ports made to use generic todr(9). o All ports made to use timecounter(9). o Added Mersenne Twister PRNG implementation. o Added posix_madvise(2). o Numerous improvements to compat_linux(8) and compat_linux32. o Device attach and detach notifications are now exposed via /dev/drvctl. o Added sockopt(9), a new kernel API for passing socket options. o If no usable init(8) program can be found, set the RB_ASKNAME flag and prompt users for the init path. Networking o Added ipv6 fast forward support, which increases forwarding speed by hashing/caching flows. o Added per-socket keepalive timer settings and the ability to change connection timeouts. o Added support for automatic sizing of TCP socket buffers. o Added a new socket option SO_NOHEADER to tell the network stack to strip the protocol header from packets received on a raw socket. o Added accept filters. See accept_filter(9), accf_data(9), and accf_http(9). o fast_ipsec(4): Added support for IPsec NAT-T. o pf(4): Made ``nat'' and ``rdr'' translation rules obey state policy flags. Extended pf.conf(5) syntax to express the translation-state policies. o Network statistics were changed to be per-CPU. o ALTQ: Added support for source address hashing in the WFQ scheduler. o Pulled in IANA-generated services and protocols files. File systems o Added wapbl(4), a preview of metadata journaling for FFS. Contributed by Wasabi Systems. o Added read-only support for Apple HFS+ file systems. See mount_hfs(8). o Added read-only support for Silicon Graphics EFS file systems. See mount_efs(8). o Added write support for UDF file systems. See mount_udf(8). o Added mount_psshfs(8), to support puffs(3) sshfs. o Added mount_9p(8), to support 9P file services with puffs(3). o Added rump_nfs(8), a userspace NFS client. o Added mount_sysctlfs(8), to support browsing, querying, and modifying the sysctl(3) hierarchy. o Added refuse(3) for FUSE compatibility functionality, layered on top of puffs(3). o Added the user kernel file system library, ukfs(3), for standalone file system access. o Added p2k(3), a puffs(3) to kernel vfs adaption library. o puffs(4): Added support for NFS exporting puffs file servers. o Added 32 bit UID/GID support for ext2fs. o Added a newfs_ext2fs(8) utility to create Ext2 file systems. o /proc is now mounted by default. Extended the Linux emulation of /proc to include /proc/stat, /proc/loadavg, and /proc//statm. Linux compatibility mode is now the default. Use -o nolinux if Linux compatibility is not desired. o Write speed to FAT file systems was significantly increased and the 255 head limit was removed. o Imported FreeBSD's unionfs. o fsck_ext2fs(8), fsck_ffs(8), fsck_lfs(8): Disable userid to username lookups by default and add -U flag to perform them. o scan_ffs(8): Added -b option to search a partition for valid alter- nate superblocks. o fsck_ffs(8): Added -x/-X options, which allow running fsck_ffs -n on a snapshot of a live filesystem. Security o Added support for per-user /tmp. See security(8). o Added support for ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) in the kernel and dynamic linker. See security(8). o Added an opencrypto(9) provider for VIA ACE (AES encryption instruc- tions). o Added nsp(4), a driver for NetOctave NSP2000, contributed by NBMK Encryption Technologies, ported from vendor FreeBSD SDK and inte- grated with opencrypto by Coyote Point Systems. o opencrypto(9): Improved performance by adding asynchronous operation and batched submit/retrieve of requests/results. Contributed by Coy- ote Point Systems. o cgd(4): Changed the default IV to encblkno1, which is faster without a real loss of security. o openssl(1): Enabled support for Camellia. Drivers o Audio: - Added pad(4), a pseudo-audio device driver for feeding back raw PCM data to userland. - Added sgsmix(4), a driver for the SGS 7433 mixer found in some G3 Macs. - umidi(4): Added support for Roland UA25, UA4FX, and SonicCell devices. - dbri(4): Added support for audio input. - auvia(4) now works on big endian machines. - azalia(4): AD1984 support was greatly improved. Added support for Realtek ALC662-GR and ALC269 codecs, which are found in EeePCs. Added support for ALC268. - auich(4): Fixed a clock accounting problem that prevented detect- ing sample rates correctly. o Hardware Monitoring: - Imported envsys2, which brings, among other things, the ability to send events to powerd(8). See envsys(4) and sysmon_envsys(9). - Added support for hardware monitoring on Sun Ultra Enterprise 450. - Added aiboost(4), a driver for the ASUS AI Booster ACPI Hardware monitor. - Added smsc(4), a driver for the hardware monitoring portion of the SMSC LPC47B397. - Added aps(4), a driver for the IBM Thinkpad Active Protection System. - Added coretemp(4), a driver for Intel Core (and newer) on-die thermal sensors. - Added finsio(4), a driver for various Fintek Super I/O chips. - Added amdtemp(4), a driver for AMD CPU on-die thermal sensors. - Added dbcool(4), a driver for Analog Devices dbCool chips includ- ing ADT7460, ADT7463, ADT7467, and ADM1030. - Added alipm(4), a driver for the Acer Labs M7101 Power Management Controller. - Added admtemp(4), a driver for the Analog Devices ADM1021 temper- ature sensor. - viaenv(4): Added support for VIA VT8231. - nsclpcsio(4): Added support for the VLM logical device. - lm(4): Added an i2c attachment for the LM78 family of temp sensor and fan controllers. o Networking: - Added jme(4), a driver for the JMicron Technologies JME250 Giga- bit Ethernet and JME260 Fast Ethernet controllers. - Added u3g(4), a driver for many multi-port 3G datacards. - Added iwn(4), a driver for the Intel Wireless LAN 4965AGN adapter. - Added zyd(4), a driver for ZyDAS ZD1211/ZD1211B USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network devices. - Added uhmodem(4), a driver for 3G wireless modems including Huawei E220 and E620, E-mobile D01HW and D02HW, and NTT DoCoMo a2502. - Added lii(4), a driver for the Atheros L2 Fast Ethernet con- troller. - Added btuart(4), a driver for Bluetooth HCI UART (H4). - Firmware images are now shipped for ipw(4), iwi(4), wpi(4), and iwn(4). For ipw(4) and iwi(4), the Intel EULA has to be accepted via sysctl(8). - fxp(4): Fixed some TX timeout and RX pool corruption problems. Added a workaround for a hardware ip4csum-tx bug. - bge(4): Added support for BCM5786 and BCM5906(M). Fixed fiber card support. - nfe(4): Added support for NVIDIA MCP67/73 Ethernet controllers. Fixed wakeup issues on some newer chips. Fixed a problem with receiving jumbo frames. - btbc(4): Added support for AnyCom BlueCard devices. - rum(4): Added support for MELCO WLI-U2-SG54HP, PLANEX GW- US54Mini2, COREGA CG-WLUSB2GL and K.K. CG-WLUSB2GPX, and ABOCOM WUG2700. - makphy(4): Added support for Marvell 88E1116 Gigabit PHY. - gem(4): Added support for Sun PCI SX fiber cards and Sun SBus SX fiber cards. - wm(4): Added support for the Intel PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter. Fixed a bug on receiving a jumbo frame which lead to a panic in sbcompress(). Added support for more ICH9 devices. Fixed an EEPROM-trashing bug on ICH8 and ICH9 chipsets. - udav(4): Added support for Shantou ADM8515. - brgphy(4): Added support for BCM5708C. - re(4): Made hardware vlan(4) insertion/extraction work properly. Added support for the Realtek 8102E/8102EL PCIe 10/100 Ethernet adapters, as well as the 8111C chips that are found on many Intel-based motherboards. - sk(4), msk(4): Fixed a lock panic on receiving jumbo packets. - msk(4): Fixed a Yukon EC Ultra cold power up issue. - bnx(4): Added support for SerDes controllers. - vge(4): Added ifconfig down and ALTQ support. o Storage: - Added arcmsr(4), a driver for Areca Technology Corporation SATA RAID controllers. - Added siisata(4), a driver for Silicon Image SteelVine SATA-II controllers (SiI3124, SiI3132, and SiI3531). - isp(4): Major update, including 4Gb (24XX) card support and new firmware sets. - piixide(4): Added support for ICH10. - ahcisata(4): Added support for ATAPI devices. - svwsata(4): Added support for ServerWorks HT-1000 SATA con- troller. - njata(4): Added support for Workbit CF32A CF adapter. - viaide(4): Added support for VIA CX700, CX700M2, NVIDIA MCP67, and MCP73/77 controllers. - mfi(4): Added support for LSI SAS1078 and Dell PERC 6 con- trollers. - mpt(4): Fixed performance problems for old revisions of the Sym- bios 53c1030. - cac(4): Added initial bio(4) support; only volume status is han- dled at this time. - siop(4): Added support for the non-PCI NCR 53c720/770 in big- endian mode. - twa(4): Added support for 3ware 9650 and 9690, based on contribu- tions from Wasabi Systems. - ciss(4): Added bio(4) support. - ataraid(4): Added NVIDIA MediaShield, JMicron RAID, and Intel MatrixRAID support. Added support for status reports through bio(4). - ixpide(4): Added support for ATI SB700/SB800 controllers. - aac(4): Added support for raw I/O mode and >2TB. - umass(4): Added support for Sony GPS GPS-CS1. Fixed a panic on device removal. - aic(4): Worked around an rbus resource allocation problem so that aic PCMCIA cards work again. - Implemented DIOCACHESYNC for RAIDframe, vnd(4), and cgd(4). - rccide: Added support for the ServerWorks HT-1000 IDE controller. - wd33c93: Enabled Fast SCSI transfers for WD33C93B parts with appropriate input clocks. o USB: - Added uvideo(4), a driver for USB Video Class capture devices, from Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. - Added uslsa(4), a driver for CP210x USB-RS232 devices. - Added uchcom(4), a driver for WinChipHead CH341/340 and HL-340 USB-Serial adapters. - Added uberry(4), a driver to allow RIM BlackBerries to charge from the USB port. - Added appropriate bus_dmamap_sync(9) calls to uhci(4), ohci(4), and ehci(4) to prevent the CPU from reordering loads and stores against DMA descriptors. This fixes ``host controller process error/host controller halted'' errors. - ehci(4): Added isochronous transfer support, contributed by Jeremy Morse as part of his Google Summer of Code 2008 project. - ukbd(4): Added support for function keys F16 through F19. - uplcom(4): Added support for Willcom WS002IN PHS and SMART Tech- nologies-badged devices. Recognize Corega CG-USBRS232R as a serial device. - ugensa(4): Added support for Novatel Wireless Merlin CMDA and Ovation U727. - ubsa(4): Added support for CDMA modems sold by Eurotel/O2. - uftdi(4): Added support for Sealevel SeaPORT+4 USB to Serial adapter. - slhci(4): Replaced with Matthew Orgass's driver. o Graphics and Video: - Switched to X.Org on amd64, i386, macppc, sgimips, shark, and sparc64. - Added video(4), a video4linux2 compatible capture interface, part of Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. - Added uvideo(4), a driver for USB Video Class capture devices, from Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. - Added pseye(4), a driver for the Sony PLAYSTATION(R) Eye USB web- cam. - Added genfb(4), a generic framebuffer console driver with PCI and SBus frontends. - Added AGPv3 support to VIA AGP driver. - Added support for Fujitsu AG-10e graphics cards. - Added r128fb, an accelerated console driver for ATI Rage 128 graphics controllers. - Added isv(4), a driver for the IDEC Supervision/16 image capture board. - wscons(4): Added scrollback support to vcons. - cgfourteen(4): Added support for wscons. - agp(4): Added support for ALI M1689, MB i965Q, Intel Q33/35/G33, Intel 945GME, and Intel 946GZ. - bktr(4) now works on amd64. o Miscellaneous: - Added pud(4), a driver that makes it possible to implement block and character devices in userspace. - Added spdmem(4), a Serial Presence Detect driver that decodes technical specs stored in the eeprom on common types of memory modules. - Added bcsp(4) to support the BlueCore Serial Protocol. - Added thinkpad(4), a driver to support IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad hotkeys, brightness controls, and temperature and fan monitoring. - Added gcscpcib(4), a driver for the AMD CS5535 and CS5536 Compan- ion Device with support for the timecounter, watchdog timer, and GPIO. - Added ichsmb(4), a driver for Intel ICH SMBus controllers. - Added asus(4), a driver for ASUS ACPI hotkeys as found in the EeePC. - Added acpidalb(4), a driver for PNP0C32 ACPI hotkeys, aka the Direct Application Launch Buttons. - Added hpqlb(4), a driver for hotkeys on some HP notebooks. - adb(4): New and simplified MI ADB drivers. - ichlpcib(4): Added support for the TCO (watchdog) on ICH6 or newer chipsets. Now runs on EM64T systems as well. - itesio(4): Added support for the watchdog timer. - ulpt(4): Implemented non-blocking read. - puc(4): Added support for the I-O DATA RSA-PCI 2 port serial board, Digi International 4 and 8 port boards, and B&B Electron- ics MIPort serial boards. - piixpm(4): Added support for ATI SB600, SB700, and SB800 SMBus controllers. - wscons(4): Added support for the Colemak keyboard layout. - com(4): Added support for PCMCIA Sierra Wireless Aircard 850. - nfsmb(4): Added support for numerous NVIDIA chipsets. Platforms o x86 (i386, amd64): - Removed GENERIC.MP and made MULTIPROCESSOR mandatory. - Enabled BUFQ_PRIOCSCAN in GENERIC for better responsiveness under heavy disk I/O. - Added fatboot, a sub-512 byte bootloader that can be written into the first sector of a FAT16 file system. - Added support for enhanced speedstep on Intel Atom CPUs. - Added a High Precision Event Timer driver. - Merged amd64 and i386 pmap. Large pages are always used if avail- able. - Added support for the Intel 82G965 chipset. - Added boot.cfg(5) to configure the bootloader. - The boot menu now allows disabling ACPI and/or SMP. - Added support for ACPI S3 (suspend-to-RAM) on MP systems. - Added mbr(8) variants that directly access serial ports. - It is now possible on some systems to get to a ddb(4) session on a VGA console if the system crashed while X11 was running. - Added detection of errata for AMD Family 10h steppings A and 2. - Added checks for erratum 261 on AMD Family 10h stepping 3 proces- sors. - boot(8): Added support for the multiboot protocol. This allows booting Xen without GRUB. - The kernel now recognizes CD-ROMs as booted devices. - Added an Intel On Demand Clock Modulation driver. o i386: - Removed support for 80386 level CPUs. - Added support for Microsoft Xbox. - Added cmos(4), a driver for CMOS RAM. - Added support for VIA Esther. - i386 bootblocks are now able to boot amd64 kernels and support for a.out kernels has been removed. - Removed pccons. - Added support for sparse kernel core dumps. - Removed the MATH_EMULATE option. - Added the i386-specific COMPAT_30_PTHREAD option, which restores binary compatibility with netbsd-3 libpthread. o amd64: - Added support for PCI_BUS_FIXUP and PCI_ADDR_FIXUP kernel options. o acorn32: - Added support for Kinetic cards. - Fixed up boot32 to work on A7000+. o algor: - Fixed a delay(9) issue and now the P5064 kernel works in gxemul. o alpha: - Make dynamic executables work under compat_osf1(8) again. o amiga: - Added a wdc(4) frontend for the buddha and catweazle Z2 hardware. o arc: - Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. - Added sysinst(8) support. o arm: - Added armv6 kernel support. - Added arm32 support for kernel crashdumps. - Added VFP support. - Added AT91 support. - Added FA526 support. - Added the missing kernel bits that kept eeprom(8) from actually changing firmware settings. o atari: - Fixed the sysinst miniroot image and retired the old miniroot. - Fixed a hang on loading md_root from floppy during installation. - Many pmap bugs were fixed and it was synced with amiga's pmap. - Fixed a lost interrupt problem on Falcon wdc(4). - Renamed the BOOT kernel to SMALL030 and removed BOOTX. - Added support for installation from GEMDOS partitions. - Fixed an ncr5380 SCSI freezing problem that occurred during boot. o bebox: - Converted to generic powerpc PCI and ISA frameworks. - Added support for genfb(4). o cobalt: - Added sysinst(8) support. - Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. - Added support for booting from Ext2fs partitions. - Added netboot support for 21041 on Qube 2700. - Startup and shutdown messages, as well as a banner and kernel name are now printed on the LCD panel. - Added kernel and bootloader support for optional Z85C30 serial on Qube 2700. - Fixed a botched spl(9) bug which could cause a network freeze on traffic between two network interfaces. o evbarm: - Added support for the Cortina Systems SL3516 evaluation board. - Added support for NPE Ethernet found on IXP425 boards. - Added a PXA2x0 RTC driver. o evbmips: - Added support for Infineon ADM5120. o evbppc: - Added support for Xilinx Virtex II-Pro/4-FX. - Converted PM/PPC to generic powerpc clock, PCI, and interrupt frameworks. - Fixed sysinst to refer to the proper WALNUT and OPENBLOCKS266 kernels. o hp700: - Added support for booting from CD-ROM images. - Fixed kernel profiling. - Kernels are now compiled with -O2. - Added gdb(1) support. - Added bootinfo support. - Added support for NCR 53C720. o hpcmips: - Fixed a silent hangup problem on TX3922 machines. o ibmnws: - Converted to generic powerpc clock, PCI, and interrupt frame- works. o landisk: - Added sysinst(8) support. - Fixed MD bus_dmamap_load(9) so that NFS write works with re(4). o mac68k: - Added support for more NuBus video cards, including VillageTronic MacPicasso 340. - Added support for Creative Systems Inc Hurdler CPI NuBus parallel printer card. - Switched sn(4) to use the MI SONIC driver. o macppc: - Switched to generic powerpc interrupt, clock, PCI, bus_dma(9), bus_space(9), SMP, and IPI frameworks. - genfb(4) is now the default framebuffer. - Switched to the new ADB subsystem. - Added support for bus speed control found in some Intrepid-based laptops like the 800MHz iBook G4. - Converted to shared ofw_autoconf. - Converted to shared powerpc major numbers. - Added an experimental Apple UniNorth AGP driver. o mvmeppc: - Converted to generic powerpc clock/PCI/interrupt frameworks. o m68k: - Fixed a panic in FPE code caused by 040/060 specific FDADD instructions on 020/030 machines. - gcc(1): Fix jump table addressing in the M68k codegen. - Fixed floating point handling regressions. o ofppc: - Completely rewrote the ofppc port from scratch. - Added support for the bplan/Genesi Pegasos II. - Added support for the IBM 7044-270. - Added support for the IBM 7046-B50. - Added install support and booting from RAID. - Fixed ofwboot to work on an IBM CHRP-based RS/6000. - Added support for SMP. o pmppc: - Removed pmppc as a port and moved it under evbppc. o powerpc: - Added a generic interrupt handler framework. - Added generic shared timecounter-based clock routines. - Added shared PReP memory maps. - Added generic powerpc OpenFirmware code. - Added a generic powerpc IPI framework. - Added new generic powerpc SMP support framework. - Added tuned assembler from IBM for memcpy(3), memmove(3), and memcmp(3). - Added booted_kernel and booted_device sysctl. - Added the missing kernel bits that kept eeprom(8) from actually changing firmware settings. o prep: - Switched to generic powerpc PCI, ISA, interrupt, clock, IPI, and SMP frameworks. - Added support for the MTX604 RAVEN based machine. Other RAVEN based machines are also likely to work now. - Added support for floppy controller/drive. o sandpoint: - Switched to generic powerpc interrupt, clock, PCI, and ISA frame- works. - Added a DHCP/NFS bootloader. - Converted to shared powerpc major numbers. o sgimips: - Added support for the SGI O2 PS/2 controller macekbc(4), onboard display adapter crmfb(4), and audio driver mavb(4). - Added support for Set Engineering's GIO Fast Ethernet board: tl(4). - Added support for the SGI Light/Entry/Starter LG1/LG2 frame- buffers found in Indigo systems: light(4). - Added support for the sq(4) interface on the Challenge S's IOPLUS mezzanine. - Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. - Many bug fixes and improvements to the MAC-110 Ethernet driver found in the O2. o sh3: - Implemented fast path TLB miss handling. - Fixed compilation of native sh3 gcc on 64-bit build machines. - Added support for single-stepping in ddb(4). o shark: - Added dhclient(8) to the install disk image. - The installation disk now uses wscons. - Removed pccons, which has been obsoleted by wscons(4). - X works again on revision 4 machines. o sparc: - Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. - Added support for Sun PGX32 / TechSource Raptor GFX 8P to genfb(4). o sparc64: - SMP now works. - Fixed boot device matching on U5/U10 machines to properly distin- guish cd0 from wd0. o vax: - Turned on generation of PIC code. - Added an accelerated driver for SPX graphics cards found in some VAXstations. - Fixed Unibus support on VAX11/780 and 8600 models. o xen: - Added support for amd64, both as dom0 and domU. - Added support for the i386 PAE extension to Xen3 domU. - Fixed PCI_BUS_FIXUP/PCI_ADDR_FIXUP support. o zaurus: - Added the zaurus port, with support for Sharp C3x00 PDAs. - Allow Zaurus screen to rotate 90 degrees to a usable state with the keyboard. - Added support for detecting the AC adapter and charging the bat- tery. - Added sysinst(8) support. Userland o 3rd party software updates: - ACPICA 20080321 - am-utils 6.2a3 - BIND 9.5.0-P2 - file 4.26 - GNU gcc 4.1.3-20080831 - GNU gdb 6.5 on all ports - IPFilter 4.1.29 - (n)awk 20070501 - NTP 4.2.4p6 - nvi 1.81 - openpam 20071221 - OpenSSH 5.0p1 - OpenSSL SNAP-20080509 - PF from OpenBSD 4.2 - Postfix 2.5.4 - texinfo 4.8 o Libraries: - pthread(3): o Major overhaul, resulting in many performance and stability improvements. o Added POSIX real-time extensions. o Diagnostic assertions are now disabled by default. Applica- tion errors will be reported only by error return from pthread APIs. The assertions can be re-enabled by setting the PTHREAD_DIAGASSERT environment variable as desired. o Added a PTHREAD__COMPAT build flag which creates a libpthread that can be dropped into a NetBSD 2/3/4 chroot and used on a kernel without scheduler activations support. - Replaced the default malloc(3) with jemalloc, bringing a signifi- cant performance boost for many threaded workloads that make heavy use of malloc. - curses(3): o Merged wide curses work done by Ruibiao Qui as a Google Sum- mer of Code project. o Added termattrs(3) and term_attrs(3). o Added getwin(3) and putwin(3). - util(3): o Added estrndup(3). o Added raise_default_signal(3). - Added C99 complex support (float/double) to math(3). - proplib(3): o Implemented prop_dictionary_make_immutable(3). o Added prop_array_util(3) functions. - libc: o Added dehumanize_number(3). o Added posix_memalign(3). o Replaced O(nm) versions of strspn(3), strcspn(3), and strpbrk(3) with O(n+m) implementations. o Added getlogin_r(2). o Added the C99 functions imaxabs(3) and imaxdiv(3). o Enabled atomic_ops(3) in userspace. o queue(3): Added TAILQ_CONCAT() and STAILQ_CONCAT(). - Added libgcov. o Imported bozohttpd, a small HTTP server. See httpd(8). o Imported dhcpcd 4.0.10. o Imported openldap 2.4.11. o Added rump(3), the Runnable Userspace Meta Program framework. Allows running kernel code in userspace applications. o Added cpuctl(8), a utility that allows placing CPUs online/offline. o Added schedctl(8), a program to control scheduling of processes and threads. o Added psrset(8), a utility to control processor sets. o Added atf(7), the Automated Testing Framework, Julio M. Merino Vidal's 2007 Google Summer of Code project. o Added newgrp(1), a utility to change effective group ID. o Added tcpdrop(8), a utility to drop tcp(4) connections. o Added acpitools from FreeBSD: acpidump(8) and amldb(8). o Added dkscan_bsdlabel(8) to scan disks for BSD disklabels. o Added btkey(1), a utility to manage Bluetooth link keys in OS and device storage. o Added svhlabel(8), a tool to update disklabel(5) from SGI Volume Header, like mbrlabel(8) for MBR labels. o Added pcc(1) as an alternative compiler. o Added btpand(8), a Bluetooth Personal Area Networking profile daemon. o Added c99(1) as a wrapper to run cc(1) in C99 mode. o Added support for Solaris $ORIGIN etc. expansions in paths. o Added BUILDSEED support to build.sh to yield reproducible C++ builds. o Added support for ``cc -m32'' on amd64 and sparc64 to generate 32 bit binaries. 32bit libraries are now provided on these two ports. o ld(1) can now link 32bit objects on amd64. o vi(1) has been updated to nvi 1.81, which supports internationaliza- tion. It also grew a new NetBSD-specific expandtab option. o pkill(1): Added the -l (long format) option. o find(1): Added the -delete and -E (extended regex) options. o xargs(1): Replaced with FreeBSD's while keeping our GNU compatible exit values. o sdiff(1): Replaced by OpenBSD's sdiff(1). o pax(1): Added a -V flag for verbose summary without listing. o top(1): Allow a single process to be selected by pid. Added a thread mode that displays LWPs. o scsictl(8): Added a setspeed command. o split(1): Added a new option ``-n chunk_count'' that splits the input into chunk_count smaller files. o df(1): Fixed the -P option and added the -g (gigabytes) option. o wtf(6) now searches pkgsrc's help database when called inside a pack- age directory. o atactl(8): Improved SATA support. o wlanctl(8): Added a -p flag that only prints public nodes. o btconfig(8): Added a new ``rssi'' option to toggle inquiry results with RSSI. o ifconfig(8): Added ``list scan'' to ifconfig, which lists access points in the neighborhood. o newsyslog.conf(5) gained a ``J'' flag to bzip2 logfiles. o fdisk(8) now reports the first active partition. o bioctl(8) was rewritten to handle new features like creating and removing hot-spares, pass-through disks and RAID volumes, start/stop consistency checks in volumes. o savecore(8) now uses the raw device to read crashdumps. o make(1): Implemented ``-dl'' (aka LOUD) to override ``@'' at the start of script lines. o monop(6): The save and restore format changed, breaking compatibility with already broken previous save files. o iconv(1) now allows SUSv3 syntax. o lint(1): Added _Complex support. o ftp(1): Added epsv6 and epsv to disable extended passive mode. o getent(1): Added support for ``netgroup'' databases. o ypserv(8): Disabled libwrap address to hostname lookups to avoid the chance of ypserv blocking for an extended period of time due to a long DNS timeout. o postfix(1): Enabled LDAP support for tables. o amd(8): Enabled LDAP support for maps. o newfs(8): Added support for the ``t'' (terabytes) suffix. o grep(1): A warning is now printed if ``-r'' is used without specify- ing an argument. o db(1): Added support for encoding or decoding VIS_HTTPSTYLE, and for tuning the page size of the database. o daily.conf(5): Added run_fsck_flags to allow passing extra options to the daily fsck -n. o sysinst(8) now supports the Colemak and Dvorak keyboard layouts. o od(1) Added support for the ``-A addressformat'' flag. o etcupdate(8): Removed the ``-b binarydir'' and ``-s srcdir/etc'' options which were deprecated in NetBSD-4.0. Deprecate the ``-s tgz1:tgz2'' option; please use ``-s tgz1 -s tgz2'' instead. o postinstall(8): Deprecated the ``-s tgz1:tgz2'' option; please use ``-s tgz1 -s tgz2'' instead. o sed(1): Added the -r flag, which is an alias for -E, to be compatible with GNU sed. o patch(1): Merged improved version from DragonFly. patch -b now behaves as specified by POSIX. o rc.conf(5): ifconfig_xxN variables may now have multi-line values, just like /etc/ifconfig.xxN files, and semicolons may be used instead of line breaks. o ls(1): -n now implies -l. o ps(1): Added the -A option, to display information about all pro- cesses. Use ``O'' for LSONPROC like Solaris instead of bundling LSIDL, LSRUN, and LSONPROC to ``R''. o ksh(1): Fixed POSIX mode interpretation of backslashes inside back- quotes inside double quotes. o makefs(8): Made the allow-multidot option for cd9660 useful. o restore(8) now works on Linux dump volumes, by ignoring extended attribute records on these volumes. o Added an rc.d(8) script for rndctl(8). o MAKEDEV(8) now creates /dev rather than init(8). o MAKEDEV(8) now uses mtree(8) in preference to pax(1) and mknod(8), making node creation more efficient, and mount_tmpfs(8) in preference to mount_mfs(8) when creating a memory file system. o MAKEDEV.local(8) can now use functions defined in MAKEDEV(8). Besides this list, there have also been innumerable bug fixes and miscel- laneous enhancements. Components removed from NetBSD In NetBSD 5.0, the following software components were removed from the system. Some were not useful anymore, or their utility did not justify the maintenance overhead. Others were not working properly and there was a lack of interest in fixing them. o The pc532 port. o Support for systrace. o HP-UX binary compatibility. o The esl driver. o Support for NQNFS. o The TPCONS option in netiso. Known Problems Using block device nodes (e.g., wd0a) directly for I/O may cause a kernel crash when the file system containing /dev is FFS and is mounted with -o log. Workaround: use raw disk devices (e.g., rwd0a), or remount the file system without -o log. Occassionally, gdb may cause a process that is being debugged to hang when ``single stepped''. Workaround: kill and restart the affected process. gdb cannot debug running threaded programs correctly. Workaround: gener- ate a core file from the program using gcore(1) and pass the core to gdb, instead of debugging the running program. Statically linked binaries using pthreads are currently broken. The sparc port does not have functional SMP support in this release. Features to be removed in a later release The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future: o Support for soft dependencies, also knows as soft updates (see ``softdep'' in mount(8)) will be removed in the next major release. NetBSD 5.0.2 includes a preview of WAPBL (Write Ahead Physical Block Logging), which will replace soft dependencies in the next major release. See wapbl(4) and http://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-announce/2008/12/14/msg000051.html for details. o Support for Xen 2.0.x. The Xen-3 and hypervisor interface is diverg- ing from Xen-2 as development is ongoing, increasing the maintenance cost for NetBSD. It should be considered as deprecated. Users are expected to not rely on it any more beyond this major release. Further, at least version 3.1 of Xen will be required to run NetBSD as Dom0 or DomU. The NetBSD Foundation The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corpora- tion that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trademark of the word ``NetBSD''. It sup- ports the design, development, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide. More information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: http://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ Sources of NetBSD Refer to http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ NetBSD 5.0.2 Release Contents The root directory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release is organized as follows: .../NetBSD-5.0.2/ CHANGES Changes between the 4.0 and 5.0 releases. CHANGES-5.0 Changes between the initial 5.0 branch and final release of 5.0. CHANGES.prev Changes in previous NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes and notes about the release. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. source/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 5.0.2 has a binary distribution. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the source subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: gnusrc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 82 MB gzipped, 422 MB uncompressed sharesrc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. 7 MB gzipped, 29 MB uncompressed src This set contains all of the base NetBSD 5.0.2 sources which are not in gnusrc, sharesrc, or syssrc. 58 MB gzipped, 284 MB uncompressed syssrc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 5.0.2 kernel for all architectures as well as the config(1) utility. 36 MB gzipped, 180 MB uncompressed xsrc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 133 MB gzipped, 699 MB uncompressed All the above source sets are located in the source/sets subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the pkgsrc set, which is traditionally unpacked into /usr/pkgsrc, all sets may be unpacked into /usr/src with the command: # cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: MD5 MD5 digests in the format produced by the command: cksum -a MD5 file. SHA512 SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command: cksum -a SHA512 file. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. NetBSD/amiga subdirectory structure The amiga-specific portion of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release is found in the amiga subdirectory of the distribution: .../NetBSD-5.0.2/amiga/. It con- tains the following files and directories: INSTALL.html INSTALL.ps INSTALL.txt INSTALL.more Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The .more file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. binary/ kernel/ netbsd-GENERIC.gz A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for everything supported in this release. sets/ amiga binary distribution sets; see below. installation/ floppy/ amiga boot and installation floppies; see below. miniroot/ amiga miniroot file system image; see below. misc/ Miscellaneous amiga installation utilities; see installation section below. Miniroot file system The Amiga now uses a single miniroot file system for both an initial installation and for an upgrade. A gzipped version is available, for easier downloading. (The gzipped version has the .gz extension added to their names.) miniroot.fs This file contains a BSD root file system setup to help you install the rest of NetBSD or to upgrade a previous version of NetBSD. This includes formatting and mounting your / (root) and /usr partitions and getting ready to extract (and possibly first fetching) the distribution sets. There is enough on this file system to allow you to make a SLIP or PPP connection, configure an Ethernet, mount an NFS file system or ftp. You can also load distribution sets from a SCSI tape or from one of your existing AmigaDOS partitions. Binary distribution sets The NetBSD amiga binary distribution sets contain the binaries which com- prise the NetBSD 5.0.2 release for amiga. The binary distribution sets can be found in the amiga/binary/sets subdirectory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 distribution tree, and are as follows: base The NetBSD 5.0.2 amiga base binary distribution. You must install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be mini- mally functional. 25 MB gzipped, 75 MB uncompressed comp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. 36 MB gzipped, 130 MB uncompressed etc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set must be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should not be used if you are upgrading. 1 MB gzipped, 1 MB uncompressed games This set includes the games and their manual pages. 4 MB gzipped, 8 MB uncompressed kern-GENERIC This set contains a NetBSD/amiga 5.0.2 GENERIC kernel, named /netbsd. You must install this distribution set. 2 MB gzipped, 4 MB uncompressed man This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. 12 MB gzipped, 50 MB uncompressed misc This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable doc- ument set, and other files from /usr/share. 4 MB gzipped, 13 MB uncompressed text This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. 3 MB gzipped, 10 MB uncompressed NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86 4.5.0. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xbase The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. 6 MB gzipped, 19 MB uncompressed xcomp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. 11 MB gzipped, 43 MB uncompressed xfont Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients. 31 MB gzipped, 39 MB uncompressed xetc Configuration files for X which could be locally modified. 1 MB gzipped, 1 MB uncompressed xserver The X server. 5 MB gzipped, 11 MB uncompressed The amiga binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension .tgz, e.g. base.tgz. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted below the current directory. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the tar -xzpf command from the root directory ( / ) of your system. Note: Each directory in the amiga binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. NetBSD/amiga System Requirements and Supported Devices NetBSD 5.0.2 runs on any Amiga that has a 68020 or better CPU with some form of MMU, and on 68060 DraCos. NetBSD does not, and will never, run on run on A1000, A500, A600, A1200, A2000, A4000/EC030, CDTV and CD32 systems that are not enhanced by a CPU board. For 68020 and 68030 systems, a FPU is recommended but not required for the system utilities. 68LC040, 68040V and 68LC060 systems don't work correctly at the moment. The minimal configuration requires 6 MB of RAM (not including CHIPMEM!) and about 100 MB of disk space. To install the entire system requires much more disk space, and to run X or compile the system, more RAM is recommended. (6 MB of RAM will actually allow you to compile, however it won't be speedy. X really isn't usable on a 6 MB system.) You will probably want to compile your own kernel. GENERIC is large and bulky in order to accommodate all people. For example, most people's machines have an FPU, so you do not need the bulky FPU_EMULATE option. If you have less than 8 MB of fast memory, you should make your swap par- tition large, as your system will be a lot of swapping. In addition, do not place your swap partition onto a old small (and normally slow) disk! Supported devices o A4000/A1200 IDE controller, including ATAPI devices o SCSI host adapters - 33c93 based boards: A2091, A3000 builtin, A3000 builtin modified for Apollo accelerator board (please note that this is not the same as the SCSI host adapter on the Apollo accelerator board itself, which is unsupported), and GVP series II. - 53c80 based boards: 12 Gauge, IVS, Wordsync/Bytesync and Emplant The Emplant SCSI adapter has been reported by a party to hang after doing part of the installation without problems - 53c710 based boards: A4091, Magnum, Warp Engine, Zeus and DraCo builtin - FAS216 based SCSI boards: FastLane Z3, Blizzard I and II, Blizzard IV, Blizzard 2060, CyberSCSI Mk I and II - 53c770 based SCSI boards: Cyberstorm Mk III SCSI, Cyber- storm PPC SCSI o Video controllers - ECS, AGA and A2024 built in on various Amigas - Retina Z2 (no X server available), Retina Z3 and Altais - Cirrus CL GD 54xx based boards: GVP Spectrum, Picasso II, II+ and IV, Piccolo and Piccolo SD64 - Tseng ET4000 based boards: Domino and Domino16M proto, oMniBus, Merlin - A2410 (no X server available) - Cybervision 64 - Cybervision 64/3D o Audio I/O - Amiga builtin - Melody MPEG-audio layer 2 board - Repulse audio board o Ethernet controllers - A2065 Ethernet - Hydra Ethernet - ASDG Ethernet - A4066 Ethernet - Ariadne Ethernet - Ariadne II Ethernet - Quicknet Ethernet - X-surf Ethernet port o ARCnet controllers - A2060 ARCnet o Most SCSI tape drives, including Archive Viper, Cipher SCSI-2 ST150 o SCSI-2 scanners behaving as SCSI-2 scanner devices, HP ScanJet II, Mustek SCSI scanner. SCSI scanner support is machine inde- pendent, so it should work, but hasn't been tested on most Amiga configurations. There are reports that the Mustek and HP ScanJet hang if accessed from the A3000. This might apply to other 33C93-Adapters, too. o Most SCSI CD-ROM drives o Serial/Parallel cards - HyperCom 3Z, HyperCom 4, HyperCom 3+ and 4+ - MultiFaceCard II and III - A2232 (normal and clockdoubled) - IOBlix Zorro-Bus o Amiga floppy drives with Amiga (880/1760kB) and IBM (720/1440kB) encoding. Our floppy driver doesn't notice when mounted floppies are write-protected. Your floppy will stay unchanged, but you might not notice that you didn't write any- thing due to the buffer cache. Also note that HD floppy drives only get detected as such if a HD floppy is inserted at boot time. o Amiga parallel port o Amiga serial port o Amiga mouse o DraCo serial port, including serial mouse o DraCo parallel printer port o Real-time clocks - A2000, A3000, A4000 builtin (r/w) - DraCo builtin (r/o) If it's not on the above lists, there is no support for it in this release. In particular, there are no drivers for: Blizzard III SCSI option, Ferret SCSI, Oktagon SCSI. Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media Note that if you are installing or upgrading from writable media, it can be write-protected if you wish. These systems mount a root image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media. If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the drive after the system has booted. Installation is supported from several media types, including: o AmigaDOS o CD-ROM / DVD o MS-DOS floppy o FTP o Remote NFS partition o Tape o Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the var- ious media are outlined below. AmigaDOS partition To install NetBSD from an AmigaDOS partition, you need to get the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install on your system on to an AmigaDOS partition. Note where you place the files as you will need this later. Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. CD-ROM / DVD To install NetBSD from a CD-ROM drive, make sure it is a SCSI CD-ROM on a SCSI bus currently supported by NetBSD (refer to the supported hardware list) or an ATAPI CD-ROM connected to the A1200 or A4000 internal IDE connector. If it is a SCSI CD-ROM on a non-supported SCSI bus like Blizzard-3 SCSI or Apollo SCSI you must first copy the distribution sets to an AmigaDOS partition as described above. If your SCSI CD-ROM is connected to a supported SCSI host adapter, or it is an ATAPI cd-rom connected to the A1200/A4000 internal IDE connector, simply put the CD into the drive before installation. Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD- ROM or DVD. Likely locations are binary/sets and amiga/binary/sets. Proceed to the instructions on installation. MS-DOS floppy NetBSD does not include split distribution sets for installation by floppy. However, they can be created on a separate machine using the split(1) command, running e.g. split -b 235k base.tgz base. to split the base.tgz file from amiga/binary/sets into files named base.aa, base.ab, and so on. Repeat this for all set_name.tgz files, split- ting them into set_name.xx files. Count the number of set_name.xx files that make up the distribution sets you want to install or upgrade. You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies. Format all of the floppies with MS-DOS. Do not make any of them bootable MS-DOS floppies, i.e. don't use format /s to format them. (If the floppies are bootable, then the MS-DOS system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.) If you're using floppies that are formatted for MS-DOS by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use them out of the box. Place all of the set_name.xx files on the MS-DOS disks. Once you have the files on MS-DOS disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the sec- tion on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. FTP The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. If you don't have DHCP available on your network, you will need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. If you don't have access to a functioning nameserver during installation, the IPv4 address of ftp.NetBSD.org is 204.152.190.13 and the IPv6 address is 2001:4f8:3:7:230:48ff:fe31:43f2 (as of April, 2009). Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. NFS Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will proba- bly require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. Tape To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format. If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easi- est way to do so is probably something like: # tar -cf tape_device dist_directories where tape_device is the name of the tape device that describes the tape drive you're using; possibly /dev/rst0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to sys- tem. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system admin- istrator.) In the above example, dist_directories are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the kern-GENERIC, base, and etc distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: # cd .../NetBSD-5.0.2 # cd amiga/binary # tar -cf tape_device kern-GENERIC base etc Note: You still need to fill in tape_device in the example. Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. Preparing your System for NetBSD installation You will need an AmigaDOS hard drive prep tool to prepare your hard drives for use with NetBSD/amiga. HDToolBox is provided with the system software and on floppy installation disks since Release 2.0 of AmigaDOS, so we will provide instructions for its use. Note that NetBSD can't currently be installed on disks with a sector size other than 512 bytes (e.g., ``640 MB'' 90mm M-O media). You can, how- ever, mount ADOSFS partitions on such M-O's. Preparing your hard disk with HDToolBox A full explanation of HDToolBox can be found with your AmigaDOS manuals and is beyond the scope of this document. The first time you partition a drive, you need to set its drive type so that you have working geometry parameters. To do this you enter the ``Change drive type'' menu, and either use ``read parameters from drive'' or set them manually. Note that you will be modifying your HD's. If you mess something up here you could lose everything on all the drives that you configure. It is therefore advised that you: 1. Write down your current configurations. Do this by examining each partition on the drive and the drives parameters (from Change drive type.) 2. Back up the partitions you are keeping. What you need to do now is partition your drives, creating at least root and swap partitions. This should be done as the HDToolBox manual describes. One thing to note is that if you are not using a Commodore controller you will need to specify the device your SCSI controller uses, e.g., if you have a Warp Engine you would: From cli hdtoolbox warpdrive.device From wb Set the tooltype SCSI_DEVICE_NAME=warpdrive.device The important things you need to do above and beyond normal partitioning include (from Partition Drive section): 1. Marking all NetBSD partitions as non-bootable, with two exceptions: the root partition (/) if you want to boot NetBSD directly, or the swap partition if you want to boot the installation miniroot directly. 2. Changing the file system parameters of the partitions to NetBSD ones. This must be done from the partitioning section and ``Advanced options'' must be enabled. To make the needed changes: 1. Click the ``Adv. Options'' button 2. Click the ``Change file system'' button 3. Choose ``Custom File System'' 4. Turn off ``Automount'' if on. 5. Set the dostype to one of these three choices: root partition : 0x4e425207 (NBR\007) swap partition : 0x4e425301 (NBS\001) other partitions: 0x4e425507 (NBU\007) Here `other' refers to other partitions you will format for reading and writing under NetBSD (e.g., /usr) Make sure you press RETURN to enter this value as some ver- sions of HDToolBox will forget your entry if you don't. 6. Turn custom boot code off 7. Set Reserved Blocks start and end to 0. 8. Click Ok. On the root (/) (and, for installation, swap) partition: 1. Turn custom boot code on 2. Set Reserved Blocks start and end to 0. 3. Set Number of Custom Boot Blocks to 16. 4. Set Automount This Partition on 5. Click Ok. Mask and maxtransfer are not used with NetBSD. Caveat: The swap (for installation) and the root partition (if you plan to use the bootblocks) must be within the first 4 gigabytes of the disk! The reason for the former is that xstreamtodev uses trackdisk.device compatible I/O-calls, the reason for the latter is that the bootblock gets a 32bit partition offset from the operating system. Once this is done NetBSD/amiga will be able to recognize your disks and which partitions it should use. Transferring the miniroot file system The NetBSD/amiga installation or upgrade now uses a miniroot file system which is installed on the partition used by NetBSD for swapping. This removes the requirement of using a floppy disk for the file system used by the installation or upgrade process. It also allows more utilities to be present on the file system than would be available when using an 880 KB floppy disk. Once the hard disk has been prepared for NetBSD, the miniroot file system (miniroot.fs) is transferred to the swap partition configured during the hard disk prep (or the existing swap partition in the case of an upgrade). The xstreamtodev utility provided in the amiga/installation/misc directory can be used on AmigaDOS to transfer the file system for either a new installation or an upgrade. The file system can also be transferred on an existing NetBSD system for an update by using dd. This should only be done after booting NetBSD into single-user mode. It may also be possible to shutdown to single-user, providing that the single-user mode processes are not using the swap partition. On AmigaDOS, run the command: xstreamtodev --input=miniroot.fs --rdb-name= where is the name you gave to the NetBSD partition to be used for swapping. If xstreamtodev is unable to determine the SCSI driver device name or the unit number of the specified partition, you may also need to include the option --device= and/or --unit= To transfer the miniroot using NetBSD, you should be booted up in single user mode on the current NetBSD system, or use the shutdown now command to shutdown to single-user mode. Then copy the miniroot using dd: dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b where /dev/rsd0b should be the device path of the swap partition your system is configured to use. Once the file is copied, reboot back to AmigaDOS to boot the upgrade kernel. Caveat: Once you have started installation, if you abort it and want to retry you must reinstall the miniroot.fs on the swap partition. Installing the NetBSD System Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as detailed in the section on preparing your system for install. The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get NetBSD installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press CONTROL-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to begin again from scratch. Transfer the miniroot file system onto the hard disk partition used by NetBSD for swapping, as described in the "Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation" section above. Booting NetBSD, with boot blocks installed [This description is for V40 (OS 3.1) ROMs. For older ROMs, there might be small differences. Check your AmigaDOS documentation to learn about the exact procedure.] Using bootblocks may not work on some systems, and may require a mountable file system on others. Reboot your machine, holding down both mouse buttons if you have a 2-but- ton mouse, the outer mouse buttons if you have a 3-button mouse. On the DraCo, press the left mouse button instead, when the boot screen prompts you for it. From the boot menu, select Boot Options. Select the swap partition with the miniroot, and then ok. Select Boot now. The machine will boot the bootblock, which will prompt your for a command line. You have a few seconds time to change the default. Entering an empty line will accept the default. The bootblock uses command lines of the form: file [options] where file is the kernel file name on the partition where the boot block is on, and [options] may contain the following: If you have an AGA machine, and your monitor will handle the dblNTSC mode, you may include the -A option to enable the dblNTSC display mode. If your machine has a fragmented physical memory space, as, e.g., DraCo machines, you should add the -n2 option to enable the use of all memory segments. Once your kernel boots You should see the screen clear and some information about your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Note which hard disk device(s) are configured (sd0, sd1, etc.) Then you will be prompted for a root device. At this time type sd0b, where sd0 is the device which contains the swap partition you created during the hard disk preparation. When prompted for a dump device, answer `none' for the install (normally, you would tell it one of the swap devices). When prompted for the root file system type, confirm `generic', which will auto-detect it. If the system should hang after entering the root device, try again with netbsd -I ff -b This disables synchronous transfer on all SCSI devices on the first bus. The system should continue to boot. For now ignore ``WARNING'' messages about bad dates in clocks, and a warning about /etc/rc not existing. Eventually you will be be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just press RETURN. After a short while, you will be asked to select the type of your keyboard. After you have entered a valid response here, the sys- tem asks you if you want to install or upgrade your system. Since you are reading the install section, `i' would be the proper response here... The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved in continuing! If you still want to go on, type `y'. The installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk configuration. When it is done, you will be prompted to select a root device from the list of disks it has found. You should know at this point that the disks are not numbered according to their SCSI-ID! The NetBSD kernel numbers the SCSI drives (and other devices on the SCSI bus) sequentially as it finds them. The drive with the lowest SCSI-ID will be called sd0, the next one sd1, etc. Also, any ATAPI disk drives (e.g. ZIP) will be configured as ``SCSI'' drives, too, and will be configured before any `real' SCSI drives if connected to the Amiga internal port on A4000/A1200 (if any are present). Real IDE drives will be configured as wd0, wd1, etc. The installer will offer you to look at the NetBSD disk label of the disks at this point. You should do this, to find out what partition let- ters the NetBSD kernel assigned to the partitions you created, and as a check of whether the disk number you are going to use is right. you are now at the point of no return. If you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified, and perhaps its con- tents scrambled at the whim of the install program. Type Control-C now if you don't want this. At this time, you will need to tell the installer which partition will be associated with the different file systems. Normally, you'll want to add a partition for /usr, at least. Caveat: Do not use the rsdNc or sdNc partitions for anything! They are for access to the whole disk only and do not correspond to any Amiga partition! The install program will now make the file systems you specified. There should be only one error per file system in this section of the installa- tion. It will look like this: newfs: ioctl (WDINFO): Invalid argument newfs: /dev/rsd0a: can't rewrite disk label If there are any others, restart from the beginning of the installation process. This error is ok as the Amiga does not write disklabels cur- rently. You should expect this error whenever using newfs. The install will now ask you want to configure any network information. It will ask for the machine's host name, domain name, and other network configuration information. Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (NFS) file system entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab. You are finally at the point where some real data will be put on your freshly made file systems. Select the device type you wish to install from and off you go.... Some notes: o If you want to install from tape, please read the section about how to create such a tape. o Some tapes (e.g. Archive Viper 150) refuse to operate with the default tape density (nrst0). Try nrst0h, nrst0m, or nrst0l instead. o Install at least the base and etc sets. o If you have to specify a path relative to the mount-point and you need the mount-point itself, use `.'. Next you will be asked to specify the timezone. Just select the timezone you are in. The installer will make the correct setup on your root file system (/). After the timezone-link is installed, the installer will proceed by creating the device nodes on your root file system under /dev. Be patient, this will take a while... Next, the installer will copy your keymap settings to the new system. After this, it will copy the kernel from the installation miniroot to the newly installed / upgraded system. If the installed system already has a kernel, it will ask you for confirmation. kern.tgz distribution set, this is an old kernel, and you should answer "y" to install a working (although restricted) INSTALL kernel. If you did install the kern.tgz kernel, you normally should answer "n". Finally, the installer asks you if you want to install the bootblock code on your root disk. This is a matter of personal choice and can also be done from a running NetBSD system. See the installboot(8) manual page about how to do this. Once the installer is done, halt the system with the halt command (wait for halted to be displayed) and reboot. Then again boot NetBSD this time selecting the root partition (/) from the boot menu, and tell it to boot netbsd -s You need to do your final tweaks now. First mount your file systems like so: mount -av Your system is now complete, and it is up to you to configure the rest. You may want to start by looking at /etc/rc.conf. Once you are done with the rest of configuration unmount your file sys- tems and halt your system, then reboot: # cd / # umount -av # halt Finally you can now boot your system and it will be completely func- tional: netbsd When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete NetBSD sys- tem! Congratulations! (You really deserve them!!!) Post installation steps Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. 1. Configuring /etc/rc.conf If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of /etc/rc.conf (sysinst usually will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (/) mounted read-only. When the sys- tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a /bin/sh prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vt220 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard: # stty erase '^h' # stty erase '^?' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the /etc directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # /sbin/mount -u -w / Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi- user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). When you have finished editing /etc/rc.conf, type exit at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that may need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked environment are hostname and possibly defaultroute. You may also need to add an ifconfig_int for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_le0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts: ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Instead of manually configuring network and naming service, DHCP can be used by setting dhclient=YES in /etc/rc.conf. Other files in /etc that may require modification or setting up include /etc/mailer.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, and /etc/wscons.conf. 2. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. Unless you've set a password in sysinst, there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)). One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root. 3. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system. Do not edit /etc/passwd directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database. 4. The X Window System If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chap- ter about X in the NetBSD Guide: http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html 5. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the soft- ware may depend. o More information on the package system is available at http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/software/packages.html o A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/README.html o Precompiled binaries can be found at ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/ usually in the amiga/5.0.2/All subdir. You can install them with the following commands under sh(1): # PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/amiga/5.0.2/All # export PKG_PATH # pkg_add -v tcsh # pkg_add -v bash # pkg_add -v perl # pkg_add -v apache # pkg_add -v kde # pkg_add -v firefox ... If you are using csh(1) then replace the first two lines with the following: # setenv PKG_PATH ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/amiga/5.0.2/All Note: Some mirror sites don't mirror the /pub/pkgsrc directory. If you would like to use such mirrors, you could also try the /pub/NetBSD/packages/current-packages/NetBSD/amiga/5.0.2/All directory, which may have the same contents. The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. Note: In some cases the pkg_add(1) command will complain about a version mismatch of packages with a message like the following: Warning: package `foo' was built for a different version of the OS: NetBSD/i386 M.N (pkg) vs. NetBSD/i386 5.0.2 (this host), This warning is harmless if the formal major release num- bers are the same between the pkg and your host. Please refer to the NetBSD release glossary and graphs at http://www.NetBSD.org/releases/release-map.html for more information about NetBSD's release numbering scheme. o The framework for compiling packages can be obtained by retriev- ing the file ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc.tar.gz It is typically extracted into /usr/pkgsrc (though other loca- tions work fine) with the commands: # cd /usr # tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz After extracting, see the doc/pkgsrc.txt file in the extraction directory (e.g., /usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt) for more informa- tion. 6. Misc o Edit /etc/mail/aliases to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. o The /etc/postfix/main.cf file will almost definitely need to be adjusted. If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using pkgsrc or by hand and adjust /etc/mailer.conf. o Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use. o Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the man- ual; so just invoking # man 5 filename is likely to give you more information on these files. Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System The upgrade path to NetBSD 5.0.2 documented here is by binary sets. To do the upgrade, you must have the NetBSD kernel on AmigaDOS and you must transfer the miniroot file system miniroot.fs onto the swap parti- tion of the NetBSD hard disk. You must also have at least the base binary distribution set available. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries. Since the old binaries are being overwritten in place, you only need space for the new binaries, which weren't previously on the system. This is typically not more than a few megabytes. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process. To upgrade your system, begin by transferring the miniroot file system onto the hard disk partition used by NetBSD for swapping, as described in the "Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation" section above. Now boot up NetBSD, with bootblocks installed Note: This description is for V40 (OS 3.1) ROMs. For older ROMs, there might be small differences. Check your AmigaDOS documentation to learn about the exact procedure. Booting using bootblocks doesn't work at all on some systems, and may require a mountable file sys- tem on others. Reboot your machine, holding down both mouse buttons if you have a 2-but- ton mouse, the outer mouse buttons if you have a 3-button mouse. On the DraCo, press the left mouse button instead, when the boot screen prompts you for it. From the boot menu, select Boot Options. Select the swap partition with the miniroot, and then ok. Select Boot now. The machine will boot the bootblock, which will prompt you for a command line. You have a few sec- onds to change the default. Entering an empty line will accept the default. The bootblock uses command lines of the form: file [options] where file is the kernel file name on the partition where the boot block is on, and options may contain the same as described in the INSTALL sec- tion. For installing, use netbsd -b If you machine has a split memory space, like, e.g., DraCo machines, use this instead: netbsd -bn2 Once your kernel boots You should see the screen clear and some information about your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Note which hard disk device is con- figured that contains your root (/) and swap partitions. When prompted for the root device, type sd0b (replacing `0' with the disk number that NetBSD used for your root/swap device). When prompted for a dump device, answer `none' for the upgrade. (For a normal boot, you would tell it one of the swap devices). When prompted for the root file system type, con- firm `generic', which will auto-detect it. You will be presented with some information about the upgrade process and a warning message, and will be asked if you wish to proceed with the upgrade process. If you answer negatively, the upgrade process will stop, and your disk will not be modified. If you answer affirmatively, the upgrade process will begin, and your disk will be modified. You may press CONTROL-C to stop the upgrade process at any time. However, if you press it at an inopportune moment, your system may be left in an incon- sistent (and possibly unusable) state. You will now be greeted and reminded of the fact that this is a poten- tially dangerous procedure and that you should not upgrade the etc set. When you decide to proceed, you will be prompted to enter your root disk. After you've done this, it will be checked automatically to make sure that the file system is in a sane state before making any modifications. After this is done, you will be asked if you want to configure your net- work. You are now allowed to edit your fstab, but normally you don't have to. Note that the upgrade-kit uses its own copy of the fstab. Whatever you do here won't affect your actual fstab. After you are satisfied with your fstab, the upgrade-kit will check all file systems mentioned in it. When they're ok, they will be mounted. You will now be asked if your sets are stored on a normally mounted file system. You should answer `y' to this question if you have the sets stored on a file system that was present in the fstab. The actions you should take for the set extraction are pretty logical (we think). After you have extracted the sets, the upgrade kit will proceed with set- ting the timezone and installing the kernel and bootcode. This is all exactly the same as described in the installation section. Your system has now been upgraded to NetBSD 5.0.2. After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD 5.0.2 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. There are several things that you should do, or might have to do, to insure that the system works properly. You will probably want to get the etc distribution, extract it, and com- pare its contents with those in your /etc directory. You will probably want to replace some of your system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes in the new versions into yours. You will want to delete old binaries that were part of the version of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the NetBSD distribution. Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 5.0.2. pkg_install now depends on the pkgdb cache for automatic conflict detec- tion. It is recommended to rebuild the cache with # pkg_admin rebuild audit-packages.conf(5) has been superseded by pkg_install.conf(5). The default configuration is the same. Support for pkg_view(1) has been retired. The functionality of audit-packages(1) and download-vulnerability-list(1) has moved into pkg_admin(1). However, wrapper scripts that handle the common use cases are provided. The pthread libraries from previous versions of NetBSD require that the sysctl(3) node kern.no_sa_support be set to 0. This affects the follow- ing environments: o Running a 5.0 kernel with an older userland. o Running an older userland inside a chroot'ed environment on a 5.0 system. o Running older statically linked pthread applications. The 5.0 kernel defaults to 0 for kern.no_sa_support, which covers the first case. However, please note that a full installation of 5.0 (either from scratch or through an upgrade) will set kern.no_sa_support to 1 dur- ing the boot process. This means that for the last two cases, you will have to manually set kern.no_sa_support to 0, using either the sysctl(8) command or through sysctl.conf(5). Note that sysinst will automatically invoke postinstall fix and thus all issues that are fixed by postinstall by default (see below) will be handled. Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 3.x releases See the section below on upgrading from NetBSD 4.x as well. The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall with the etc set: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix Issues fixed by postinstall: o Various files in /etc need upgrading. These include: - /etc/defaults/* - /etc/mtree/* - /etc/daily - /etc/weekly - /etc/monthly - /etc/security - /etc/rc.subr - /etc/rc - /etc/rc.shutdown - /etc/rc.d/* - /etc/envsys.conf The following issues need to be resolved manually: o The users `_proxy', `_rwhod', and `_sdpd' and the groups `_proxy', `_rwhod' and `_sdpd' need to be created and the user `uucp' needs to be updated. o A number of things were removed in the NetBSD 4.0 release, including: the evbsh5 port, the Fortran 77 compiler (g77), NETCCITT, NETNS, Sendmail, Sushi, UUCP, and Vinum. If you were using any of these, please see the "Components removed from NetBSD" at http://www.NetBSD.org/releases/formal-4/NetBSD-4.0.html#removals o The replacement of Sendmail by Postfix can be handled automati- cally by postinstall but it is not done by default. If you want to transition to Postfix, the command postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix mailerconf will update your /etc/mailer.conf file to use Postfix as the MTA. When using sysinst to upgrade the system, it will ask if you want this to be done. Note that if you have a customized Sendmail setup, you need to set up Postfix in an equivalent way; there is no tool for auto- matic conversion of Sendmail configuration to a Postfix one. Postfix will be started automatically when the system boots. You may see messages like "$sendmail is not set properly" at boot. You can suppress them by removing /etc/rc.d/sendmail and /etc/rc.d/smmsp. Those files and other parts of sendmail con- figuration like files under /usr/share/sendmail are not removed by default while upgrading for those who want to continue using sendmail from outside the base system. If you want to delete them, postinstall can be used: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix sendmail Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall with the etc set: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix Issues fixed by postinstall: o Various files in /etc need upgrading. These include: - /etc/defaults/* - /etc/mtree/* - /etc/daily - /etc/weekly - /etc/monthly - /etc/security - /etc/rc.subr - /etc/rc - /etc/rc.shutdown - /etc/rc.d/* - /etc/envsys.conf The following issues need to be resolved manually: o The users `_httpd' and `_timedc' and the groups `_httpd' and `_timedc' need to be created. o Unprivileged use of the mount(8) command now requires the nosuid and nodev options to be explicitly specified. Previ- ously, these options were automatically enforced even if they were not explicitly specified. o A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 5.0.2 release. See the "Components removed from NetBSD" section near the beginning of this document for a list. Using online NetBSD documentation Documentation is available if you installed the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are o intro(1), o man(1), o apropos(1), o passwd(1), and o passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man [section] topic. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter # man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter # man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter # apropos subject-word where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Administrivia If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@NetBSD.org. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc- tions. See http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ for a web interface. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-users@NetBSD.org. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. Thanks go to o The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. o The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. o The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. o The Lulea Academic Computer Society for providing the backup services server. o The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the NYC build cluster. o The Western Washington University Computer Science Department for running the WWU build cluster. o The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. o Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. o We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at http://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) o Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) We are... (in alphabetical order) The NetBSD core group: Alistair Crooks agc@NetBSD.org Quentin Garnier cube@NetBSD.org Matt Thomas matt@NetBSD.org YAMAMOTO Takashi yamt@NetBSD.org Christos Zoulas christos@NetBSD.org The portmasters (and their ports): Erik Berls cyber@NetBSD.org cobalt Manuel Bouyer bouyer@NetBSD.org xen Simon Burge simonb@NetBSD.org evbmips Simon Burge simonb@NetBSD.org pmax Simon Burge simonb@NetBSD.org sbmips Julian Coleman jdc@NetBSD.org atari Marcus Comstedt marcus@NetBSD.org dreamcast Andrew Doran ad@NetBSD.org amd64 Andrew Doran ad@NetBSD.org i386 Matthias Drochner drochner@NetBSD.org cesfic Gavan Fantom gavan@NetBSD.org iyonix Jaime A Fournier ober@NetBSD.org zaurus Matt Fredette fredette@NetBSD.org sun2 Ichiro FUKUHARA ichiro@NetBSD.org hpcarm Chris Gilbert chris@NetBSD.org cats Ben Harris bjh21@NetBSD.org acorn26 Ross Harvey ross@NetBSD.org alpha Nick Hudson skrll@NetBSD.org hp700 Martin Husemann martin@NetBSD.org sparc64 IWAMOTO Toshihiro toshii@NetBSD.org hpcarm Darrin Jewell dbj@NetBSD.org next68k Soren Jorvang soren@NetBSD.org sgimips Wayne Knowles wdk@NetBSD.org mipsco Takayoshi Kochi kochi@NetBSD.org ia64 Paul Kranenburg pk@NetBSD.org sparc Michael Lorenz macallan@NetBSD.org macppc Anders Magnusson ragge@NetBSD.org vax Cherry G. Mathew cherry@NetBSD.org ia64 NISHIMURA Takeshi nsmrtks@NetBSD.org x68k Tohru Nishimura nisimura@NetBSD.org luna68k Tohru Nishimura nisimura@NetBSD.org sandpoint Andrey Petrov petrov@NetBSD.org sparc64 Scott Reynolds scottr@NetBSD.org mac68k Tim Rightnour garbled@NetBSD.org ofppc Tim Rightnour garbled@NetBSD.org prep Tim Rightnour garbled@NetBSD.org rs6000 Noriyuki Soda soda@NetBSD.org arc Ignatios Souvatzis is@NetBSD.org amiga Jonathan Stone jonathan@NetBSD.org pmax Shin Takemura takemura@NetBSD.org hpcmips Matt Thomas matt@NetBSD.org alpha Matt Thomas matt@NetBSD.org netwinder Jason Thorpe thorpej@NetBSD.org algor Jason Thorpe thorpej@NetBSD.org evbarm Jason Thorpe thorpej@NetBSD.org shark Izumi Tsutsui tsutsui@NetBSD.org ews4800mips Izumi Tsutsui tsutsui@NetBSD.org hp300 Izumi Tsutsui tsutsui@NetBSD.org news68k Valeriy E. Ushakov uwe@NetBSD.org landisk Nathan Williams nathanw@NetBSD.org sun3 Steve Woodford scw@NetBSD.org evbppc Steve Woodford scw@NetBSD.org mvme68k Steve Woodford scw@NetBSD.org mvmeppc Reinoud Zandijk reinoud@NetBSD.org acorn32 The NetBSD 5.0.2 Release Engineering team: Manuel Bouyer bouyer@NetBSD.org David Brownlee abs@NetBSD.org James Chacon jmc@NetBSD.org Julian Coleman jdc@NetBSD.org Havard Eidnes he@NetBSD.org Liam J. Foy liamjfoy@NetBSD.org John Heasley heas@NetBSD.org Geert Hendrickx ghen@NetBSD.org Soren Jacobsen snj@NetBSD.org Phil Nelson phil@NetBSD.org Jeff Rizzo riz@NetBSD.org NetBSD Developers: Nathan Ahlstrom nra@NetBSD.org Steve Allen wormey@NetBSD.org Jukka Andberg jandberg@NetBSD.org Julian Assange proff@NetBSD.org Lennart Augustsson augustss@NetBSD.org Christoph Badura bad@NetBSD.org Bang Jun-Young junyoung@NetBSD.org Dieter Baron dillo@NetBSD.org Robert V. Baron rvb@NetBSD.org Alan Barrett apb@NetBSD.org Grant Beattie grant@NetBSD.org Jason Beegan jtb@NetBSD.org Erik Berls cyber@NetBSD.org Hiroyuki Bessho bsh@NetBSD.org John Birrell jb@NetBSD.org Mason Loring Bliss mason@NetBSD.org Charles Blundell cb@NetBSD.org Rafal Boni rafal@NetBSD.org Stephen Borrill sborrill@NetBSD.org Sean Boudreau seanb@NetBSD.org Manuel Bouyer bouyer@NetBSD.org John Brezak brezak@NetBSD.org Allen Briggs briggs@NetBSD.org Mark Brinicombe mark@NetBSD.org Aaron Brown abrown@NetBSD.org Andrew Brown atatat@NetBSD.org David Brownlee abs@NetBSD.org Frederick Bruckman fredb@NetBSD.org Jon Buller jonb@NetBSD.org Simon Burge simonb@NetBSD.org Robert Byrnes byrnes@NetBSD.org Pavel Cahyna pavel@NetBSD.org D'Arcy J.M. Cain darcy@NetBSD.org Daniel Carosone dan@NetBSD.org Dave Carrel carrel@NetBSD.org James Chacon jmc@NetBSD.org Mihai Chelaru kefren@NetBSD.org Bill Coldwell billc@NetBSD.org Julian Coleman jdc@NetBSD.org Ben Collver ben@NetBSD.org Marcus Comstedt marcus@NetBSD.org Jeremy Cooper jeremy@NetBSD.org Chuck Cranor chuck@NetBSD.org Alistair Crooks agc@NetBSD.org Aidan Cully aidan@NetBSD.org Garrett D'Amore gdamore@NetBSD.org Johan Danielsson joda@NetBSD.org John Darrow jdarrow@NetBSD.org Jed Davis jld@NetBSD.org Matt DeBergalis deberg@NetBSD.org Arnaud Degroote degroote@NetBSD.org Rob Deker deker@NetBSD.org Chris G. Demetriou cgd@NetBSD.org Tracy Di Marco White gendalia@NetBSD.org Jaromir Dolecek jdolecek@NetBSD.org Andy Doran ad@NetBSD.org Roland Dowdeswell elric@NetBSD.org Emmanuel Dreyfus manu@NetBSD.org Matthias Drochner drochner@NetBSD.org Jun Ebihara jun@NetBSD.org Havard Eidnes he@NetBSD.org Jaime A Fournier ober@NetBSD.org Stoned Elipot seb@NetBSD.org Michael van Elst mlelstv@NetBSD.org Enami Tsugutomo enami@NetBSD.org Bernd Ernesti veego@NetBSD.org Erik Fair fair@NetBSD.org Gavan Fantom gavan@NetBSD.org Hauke Fath hauke@NetBSD.org Hubert Feyrer hubertf@NetBSD.org Jason R. Fink jrf@NetBSD.org Matt J. Fleming mjf@NetBSD.org Marty Fouts marty@NetBSD.org Liam J. Foy liamjfoy@NetBSD.org Matt Fredette fredette@NetBSD.org Thorsten Frueauf frueauf@NetBSD.org Castor Fu castor@NetBSD.org Ichiro Fukuhara ichiro@NetBSD.org Quentin Garnier cube@NetBSD.org Thomas Gerner thomas@NetBSD.org Simon J. Gerraty sjg@NetBSD.org Justin Gibbs gibbs@NetBSD.org Chris Gilbert chris@NetBSD.org Eric Gillespie epg@NetBSD.org Brian Ginsbach ginsbach@NetBSD.org Paul Goyette pgoyette@NetBSD.org Michael Graff explorer@NetBSD.org Brian C. Grayson bgrayson@NetBSD.org Matthew Green mrg@NetBSD.org Andreas Gustafsson gson@NetBSD.org Ulrich Habel rhaen@NetBSD.org Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino itojun@NetBSD.org HAMAJIMA Katsuomi hamajima@NetBSD.org Adam Hamsik haad@NetBSD.org Juergen Hannken-Illjes hannken@NetBSD.org Charles M. Hannum mycroft@NetBSD.org Ben Harris bjh21@NetBSD.org Ross Harvey ross@NetBSD.org Eric Haszlakiewicz erh@NetBSD.org John Hawkinson jhawk@NetBSD.org HAYAKAWA Koichi haya@NetBSD.org John Heasley heas@NetBSD.org Geert Hendrickx ghen@NetBSD.org Rene Hexel rh@NetBSD.org Iain Hibbert plunky@NetBSD.org Kouichirou Hiratsuka hira@NetBSD.org Michael L. Hitch mhitch@NetBSD.org Adam Hoka ahoka@NetBSD.org Jachym Holecek freza@NetBSD.org David A. Holland dholland@NetBSD.org Christian E. Hopps chopps@NetBSD.org Ken Hornstein kenh@NetBSD.org Marc Horowitz marc@NetBSD.org Eduardo Horvath eeh@NetBSD.org Nick Hudson skrll@NetBSD.org Shell Hung shell@NetBSD.org Martin Husemann martin@NetBSD.org Dean Huxley dean@NetBSD.org Love Hornquist Astrand lha@NetBSD.org Roland Illig rillig@NetBSD.org Bernardo Innocenti bernie@NetBSD.org Tetsuya Isaki isaki@NetBSD.org ITOH Yasufumi itohy@NetBSD.org IWAMOTO Toshihiro toshii@NetBSD.org Matthew Jacob mjacob@NetBSD.org Soren Jacobsen snj@NetBSD.org Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj lonhyn@NetBSD.org Darrin Jewell dbj@NetBSD.org Nicolas Joly njoly@NetBSD.org Chris Jones cjones@NetBSD.org Soren Jorvang soren@NetBSD.org Takahiro Kambe taca@NetBSD.org Masanori Kanaoka kanaoka@NetBSD.org Antti Kantee pooka@NetBSD.org Frank Kardel kardel@NetBSD.org Mattias Karlsson keihan@NetBSD.org KAWAMOTO Yosihisa kawamoto@NetBSD.org Mario Kemper magick@NetBSD.org Min Sik Kim minskim@NetBSD.org Thomas Klausner wiz@NetBSD.org Klaus Klein kleink@NetBSD.org John Klos jklos@NetBSD.org Wayne Knowles wdk@NetBSD.org Takayoshi Kochi kochi@NetBSD.org John Kohl jtk@NetBSD.org Daniel de Kok daniel@NetBSD.org Jonathan A. Kollasch jakllsch@NetBSD.org Paul Kranenburg pk@NetBSD.org Lubomir Kundrak lkundrak@NetBSD.org Jochen Kunz jkunz@NetBSD.org Martti Kuparinen martti@NetBSD.org Kentaro A. Kurahone kurahone@NetBSD.org Arnaud Lacombe alc@NetBSD.org Kevin Lahey kml@NetBSD.org David Laight dsl@NetBSD.org Johnny C. Lam jlam@NetBSD.org Martin J. Laubach mjl@NetBSD.org Greg Lehey grog@NetBSD.org Ted Lemon mellon@NetBSD.org Christian Limpach cl@NetBSD.org Frank van der Linden fvdl@NetBSD.org Joel Lindholm joel@NetBSD.org Tonnerre Lombard tonnerre@NetBSD.org Mike Long mikel@NetBSD.org Michael Lorenz macallan@NetBSD.org Warner Losh imp@NetBSD.org Tomasz Luchowski zuntum@NetBSD.org Federico Lupi federico@NetBSD.org Brett Lymn blymn@NetBSD.org Paul Mackerras paulus@NetBSD.org MAEKAWA Masahide gehenna@NetBSD.org Anders Magnusson ragge@NetBSD.org Cherry G. Mathew cherry@NetBSD.org David Maxwell david@NetBSD.org Gregory McGarry gmcgarry@NetBSD.org Dan McMahill dmcmahill@NetBSD.org Jared D. McNeill jmcneill@NetBSD.org Neil J. McRae neil@NetBSD.org Julio M. Merino Vidal jmmv@NetBSD.org Perry Metzger perry@NetBSD.org Luke Mewburn lukem@NetBSD.org Jean-Yves Migeon jym@NetBSD.org Brook Milligan brook@NetBSD.org Minoura Makoto minoura@NetBSD.org Simas Mockevicius symka@NetBSD.org der Mouse mouse@NetBSD.org Joseph Myers jsm@NetBSD.org Ken Nakata kenn@NetBSD.org Takeshi Nakayama nakayama@NetBSD.org Phil Nelson phil@NetBSD.org John Nemeth jnemeth@NetBSD.org Bob Nestor rnestor@NetBSD.org NISHIMURA Takeshi nsmrtks@NetBSD.org Tohru Nishimura nisimura@NetBSD.org NONAKA Kimihiro nonaka@NetBSD.org Takehiko NOZAKI tnozaki@NetBSD.org Tobias Nygren tnn@NetBSD.org OBATA Akio obache@NetBSD.org Jesse Off joff@NetBSD.org Tatoku Ogaito tacha@NetBSD.org OKANO Takayoshi kano@NetBSD.org Masaru Oki oki@NetBSD.org Atsushi Onoe onoe@NetBSD.org Greg Oster oster@NetBSD.org Rui Paulo rpaulo@NetBSD.org Jonathan Perkin sketch@NetBSD.org Andrey Petrov petrov@NetBSD.org Herb Peyerl hpeyerl@NetBSD.org Matthias Pfaller matthias@NetBSD.org Chris Pinnock cjep@NetBSD.org Adrian Portelli adrianp@NetBSD.org Peter Postma peter@NetBSD.org Dante Profeta dante@NetBSD.org Chris Provenzano proven@NetBSD.org Niels Provos provos@NetBSD.org Mindaugas Rasiukevicius rmind@NetBSD.org Michael Rauch mrauch@NetBSD.org Marc Recht recht@NetBSD.org Darren Reed darrenr@NetBSD.org Jeremy C. Reed reed@NetBSD.org Antoine Reilles tonio@NetBSD.org Tyler R. Retzlaff rtr@NetBSD.org Scott Reynolds scottr@NetBSD.org Michael Richardson mcr@NetBSD.org Tim Rightnour garbled@NetBSD.org Alan Ritter rittera@NetBSD.org Jeff Rizzo riz@NetBSD.org Hans Rosenfeld hans@NetBSD.org Gordon Ross gwr@NetBSD.org Steve Rumble rumble@NetBSD.org Ilpo Ruotsalainen lonewolf@NetBSD.org Heiko W. Rupp hwr@NetBSD.org Blair J. Sadewitz bjs@NetBSD.org David Sainty dsainty@NetBSD.org SAITOH Masanobu msaitoh@NetBSD.org Kazuki Sakamoto sakamoto@NetBSD.org Curt Sampson cjs@NetBSD.org Wilfredo Sanchez wsanchez@NetBSD.org Ty Sarna tsarna@NetBSD.org SATO Kazumi sato@NetBSD.org Jan Schaumann jschauma@NetBSD.org Matthias Scheler tron@NetBSD.org Silke Scheler silke@NetBSD.org Karl Schilke (rAT) rat@NetBSD.org Amitai Schlair schmonz@NetBSD.org Konrad Schroder perseant@NetBSD.org Georg Schwarz schwarz@NetBSD.org Lubomir Sedlacik salo@NetBSD.org Christopher SEKIYA sekiya@NetBSD.org Reed Shadgett dent@NetBSD.org John Shannon shannonjr@NetBSD.org Tim Shepard shep@NetBSD.org Takeshi Shibagaki shiba@NetBSD.org Naoto Shimazaki igy@NetBSD.org Takao Shinohara shin@NetBSD.org Takuya SHIOZAKI tshiozak@NetBSD.org Daniel Sieger dsieger@NetBSD.org Chuck Silvers chs@NetBSD.org Thor Lancelot Simon tls@NetBSD.org Jeff Smith jeffs@NetBSD.org Noriyuki Soda soda@NetBSD.org Wolfgang Solfrank ws@NetBSD.org SOMEYA Yoshihiko someya@NetBSD.org Bill Sommerfeld sommerfeld@NetBSD.org Jorg Sonnenberger joerg@NetBSD.org Ignatios Souvatzis is@NetBSD.org T K Spindler dogcow@NetBSD.org Bill Squier groo@NetBSD.org Jonathan Stone jonathan@NetBSD.org Bill Studenmund wrstuden@NetBSD.org Kevin Sullivan sullivan@NetBSD.org SUNAGAWA Keiki kei@NetBSD.org Kimmo Suominen kim@NetBSD.org Robert Swindells rjs@NetBSD.org Shin Takemura takemura@NetBSD.org TAMURA Kent kent@NetBSD.org Shin'ichiro TAYA taya@NetBSD.org Ian Lance Taylor ian@NetBSD.org Matt Thomas matt@NetBSD.org Jason Thorpe thorpej@NetBSD.org Christoph Toshok toshok@NetBSD.org Greg Troxel gdt@NetBSD.org Tsubai Masanari tsubai@NetBSD.org Izumi Tsutsui tsutsui@NetBSD.org UCHIYAMA Yasushi uch@NetBSD.org Masao Uebayashi uebayasi@NetBSD.org Shuichiro URATA ur@NetBSD.org Valeriy E. Ushakov uwe@NetBSD.org Todd Vierling tv@NetBSD.org Aymeric Vincent aymeric@NetBSD.org Paul Vixie vixie@NetBSD.org Mike M. Volokhov mishka@NetBSD.org Krister Walfridsson kristerw@NetBSD.org Lex Wennmacher wennmach@NetBSD.org Leo Weppelman leo@NetBSD.org Assar Westerlund assar@NetBSD.org Todd Whitesel toddpw@NetBSD.org Frank Wille phx@NetBSD.org Nathan Williams nathanw@NetBSD.org Rob Windsor windsor@NetBSD.org Dan Winship danw@NetBSD.org Jim Wise jwise@NetBSD.org Michael Wolfson mbw@NetBSD.org Colin Wood ender@NetBSD.org Steve Woodford scw@NetBSD.org YAMAMOTO Takashi yamt@NetBSD.org Yuji Yamano yyamano@NetBSD.org David Young dyoung@NetBSD.org Reinoud Zandijk reinoud@NetBSD.org S.P.Zeidler spz@NetBSD.org Maria Zevenhoven maria7@NetBSD.org Christos Zoulas christos@NetBSD.org Other contributors: Dave Burgess burgess@cynjut.infonet.net Brian R. Gaeke brg@dgate.org Brad Grantham grantham@tenon.com Lawrence Kesteloot kesteloo@cs.unc.edu Waldi Ravens waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net Legal Mumbo-Jumbo All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trade- marks of their respective owners. The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document: NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation. This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project. See http://www.netbsd.org/ for information about NetBSD. This product contains software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the NetBSD project. This product contains software written by Ignatios Souvatzis and Michael L. 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This product includes software developed by Joerg Wunsch This product includes software developed by John Birrell. This product includes software developed by John P. Wittkoski. This product includes software developed by John Polstra. This product includes software developed by Jonathan R. Stone for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed by Jukka Marin. This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield. This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa Shimizu. This product includes software developed by Kazuki Sakamoto. This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey. This product includes software developed by Kiyoshi Ikehara. This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert,by Bernd Ernesti, by Michael van Elst, and by the University of California, Berke- ley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman. This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes. This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg. This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto, Takuya Harakawa. This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer. This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz. This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe for the NetBSD project. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe. This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe This product includes software developed by Markus Wild. This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh. This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson. This product includes software developed by Matt DeBergalis This product includes software developed by Matthew Fredette. This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller. This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Michael Graff. This product includes software developed by Michael L. Hitch. This product includes software developed by Michael Shalayeff. This product includes software developed by Michael Smith. This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard. This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard and contribu- tors. This product includes software developed by Minoura Makoto. This product includes software developed by Niels Provos. This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist, Brandon Creighton and Job de Haas. This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist. This product includes software developed by Onno van der Linden. This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras. This product includes software developed by Per Fogelstrom This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy. This product includes software developed by Phase One, Inc. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson. This product includes software developed by RiscBSD. This product includes software developed by Roar Thronaes. This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes. This product includes software developed by Roger Hardiman This product includes software developed by Roland C. Dowdeswell. This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann. This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey. This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram. This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens. This product includes software developed by Shingo WATANABE. This product includes software developed by Softweyr LLC, the University of California, Berkeley, and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Soren S. Jorvang. This product includes software developed by Stephan Thesing. This product includes software developed by Steve Woodford. This product includes software developed by Steven M. Bellovin. This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada. This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura. This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. This product includes software developed by Tetsuya Isaki. This product includes software developed by Thomas Gerner This product includes software developed by Tobias Weingartner. This product includes software developed by Todd C. Miller. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura and Reinoud Zandijk for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura. for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software developed by Trimble Navigation, Ltd. This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and its contrib- utors. This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens. This product includes software developed by Wasabi Systems for Zembu Labs, Inc. http://www.zembu.com/ This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc. This product includes software developed by Wolfgang Solfrank. This product includes software developed by Yasushi Yamasaki. This product includes software developed by Yen Yen Lim and North Dakota State University. This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Alice Group. This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci- ence at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the Charles D. Cranor, Wash- ington University, University of California, Berkeley and its contribu- tors. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engi- neering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the David Muir Sharnoff. This product includes software developed by the Harvard University and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Network Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/) This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD project and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD team. This product includes software developed by the SMCC Technology Develop- ment Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors, as well as the Trustees of Columbia Uni- versity. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana and their contributors. This product includes software developed by the Urbana-Champaign Indepen- dent Media Center. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Labora- tory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Chris- tos Zoulas This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Emmanuel Dreyfus. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Igna- tios Souvatzis. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed by Kyma Systems. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Kyma Systems LLC. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Michael L. Hitch. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Scott Bartram and Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Alle- gro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Genetec Corporation. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier- mont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET, Swedish University Computer Network. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Shigeyuki Fukushima. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom. This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems. "Similar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education, including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU). This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora- tory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by Computing Services at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/). This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden. This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna- tional, Inc. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material This product includes software developed by Tobias Abt. This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert. This product includes software developed by Michael van Elst. This product includes software developed by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed by Markus Illenseer. This product includes software developed by Mika Kortelainen. This product includes software developed by Jukka Marin. This product includes software developed by Kari Mettinen. This product includes software developed by Brad Pepers. This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis. This product includes software developed by Michael Teske. This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg. This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk. The End NetBSD February 6, 2010 NetBSD