INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/shark. CCOONNTTEENNTTSS About this Document............................................2 What is NetBSD?................................................3 Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0.1 and 5.0.2 Releases............3 Security Advisory Fixes.....................................3 Kernel......................................................4 Networking..................................................4 Drivers.....................................................4 Platform specific...........................................4 Miscellaneous...............................................5 Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 5.0.1 Releases..............6 Security Advisory Fixes.....................................6 Kernel......................................................7 Networking..................................................7 Drivers.....................................................7 Platform specific...........................................7 Userland....................................................8 Miscellaneous...............................................8 Changes Between The NetBSD 4.0 and 5.0 Releases................9 General kernel..............................................9 Networking.................................................10 File systems...............................................10 Security...................................................11 Drivers....................................................12 Platforms..................................................16 Userland...................................................22 Components removed from NetBSD.............................26 Known Problems.............................................27 Features to be removed in a later release.....................27 The NetBSD Foundation.........................................27 Sources of NetBSD.............................................27 NetBSD 5.0.2 Release Contents.................................28 NetBSD/shark subdirectory structure........................29 Binary distribution sets...................................29 NetBSD/shark System Requirements and Supported Devices........30 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................30 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................33 Installing the NetBSD System..................................33 Installation for diskless configurations...................33 Installation onto a hard disk..............................33 Running the sysinst installation program...................34 Introduction............................................34 Possible hardware problems..............................34 General.................................................34 Quick install...........................................34 Booting NetBSD..........................................35 Network configuration...................................36 Installation drive selection and parameters.............36 Selecting which sets to install.........................36 Partitioning the disk...................................36 Preparing your hard disk................................37 Getting the distribution sets...........................37 Installation from CD-ROM................................37 Installation using ftp..................................37 Installation using NFS..................................38 Installation from an unmounted file system..............38 Installation from a local directory.....................38 Extracting the distribution sets........................38 Finalizing your installation............................39 Post installation steps.......................................39 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................41 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............42 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 3.x releases.......43 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases.......43 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................44 Administrivia.................................................45 Thanks go to..................................................45 We are........................................................46 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................52 The End.......................................................58 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 5.0.2 on the _s_h_a_r_k platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _._e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t: _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard Internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally pre- sented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net- working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on 57 different system architectures (ports) across 15 distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 5.0.2 release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. Please see the NetBSD web site at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg// for information on them.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly por- table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 55..00..11 aanndd 55..00..22 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 5.0.2 release is the second critical/security update of the NetBSD 5.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical for stability or security reasons. Please note that all fixes in critical/security updates (i.e., NetBSD 5.0.1, 5.0.2, etc.) are cumulative, so the latest update contains all such fixes since the corresponding minor release. These fixes will also appear in future minor releases (i.e., NetBSD 5.1, 5.2, etc.), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-5.0.2: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--55..00..22//CCHHAANNGGEESS--55..00..22 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release tree. An abbreviated list is as follows: _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y _A_d_v_i_s_o_r_y _F_i_x_e_s ++oo NetBSD-SA2010-002 (OpenSSL TLS renegotiation man in the middle vul- nerability): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22001100--000022..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2010-003 (azalia(4)/hdaudio(4) negative mixer index panic): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22001100--000033..ttxxtt..aasscc Advisories prior to NetBSD-SA2010-002 do not affect NetBSD 5.0.1: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseeccuurriittyy//ppaattcchheess--55..00..11..hhttmmll ++oo openssl: Fix CVE-2009-4355. ++oo Update BIND server and tools to 9.5.2-P2, fixing CVE-2009-0025, CVE-2009-4022, and CVE-2010-0097. ++oo ntpd(8): Fix CVE-2009-3563. ++oo expat: Fix SA36425 and CVE-2009-3560. ++oo fts(3): Avoid possible integer overflow on really deep dirs, and sub- sequent collateral damage. Received from OpenBSD via US-CERT as VU #590371. ++oo Fix a couple issues with POSIX message queues: -- An invalid signal number passed to mq_notify() could crash the kernel on delivery -- add a boundary check. -- A user could set mq_maxmsg (the maximal number of messages in a queue) to a huge value on mq_open(O_CREAT) and later use up all kernel memory by mq_send() -- add a sysctl'able limit which defaults to 16*mq_def_maxmsg. ++oo arc4random(3): Keep arc4_i and arc4_j synchronised after a rekeying. This prevents accidentally ending up in a short ARC4 cycle. _K_e_r_n_e_l ++oo Fix a UFS quota crash. ++oo Fix a case where setpriority(2) returned EACCES instead of EPERM. PR 41489. ++oo Fix panic when calling ioctl(RNDADDDATA) on _/_d_e_v_/_r_a_n_d_o_m. ++oo Fix a memory leak that could occur when using clone(2). ++oo Fix an issue where a softint could fire on the wrong CPU. ++oo sigtimedwait(2): Fix a memory leak. PR 40750. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo IPv6: Clear cksum flags before any further processing, like ip_for- ward does. Many drivers set the UDP/TCP v4 flags even for v6 traffic and if the packet is encapsulated with gif, the IPv6 header would get corrupted by ip_output. ++oo IPsec: Add a missing splx() call. PR 41701. ++oo ifconfig(8): Fix the -vlanif and -carpdev keywords. ++oo Update dhcpcd(8) to 4.0.14. _D_r_i_v_e_r_s ++oo twa(4): Disable completely bogus DIAGNOSTIC check. ++oo mfi(4): Fix a couple crashes. ++oo pad(4): Catch up to audio(4) device_t/softc split. _P_l_a_t_f_o_r_m _s_p_e_c_i_f_i_c ++oo x86 (amd64 and i386): ichlpcib(4): Fix watchdog code: -- The timer bound constants are in tick, so convert period to tick before checking it against the bounds. -- For ICH5 or older, fix code that would have always written a 0 period to the register. ++oo amd64: Build kernel modules with -mno-red-zone to ensure kernel com- patibility. ++oo i386: Fix a panic while booting with an ACPI kernel on 790GX boards. PR 39671. ++oo alpha: Fix some SMP issues. PRs 41106, 38335, and 42174. ++oo hpcmips: Fix booting from PCMCIA on some slower machines. PRs 41791 and 41164. ++oo macppc: pbms(4): Fix crash on attach, and fix aspect ratio of the trackpad on the geyser2 model. ++oo sparc64: Improve disk I/O performance under heavy load. ++oo vax: mfpr now works nicely on 4000/90. _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s ++oo libevent: Add -fno-strict-aliasing to work around problems with GCC 4 and strict-aliasing. ++oo Update pkg_install to 20091008. -- pkg_add(1): add support for checking license conditions before installation -- pkg_delete(1): add -k option to skip over preserved packages. -- WARNS=4 clean; fix some potential uses of uninitialized variables -- Add a new command for pkg_admin(1): findbest. It takes one or more patterns and searches for the best match in PKG_PATH, just like pkg_add(1) would. It prints the URLs of the best match for each pattern to stdout. -- Rewrite the config file parser to read the file only once. -- Fix a bug in pkg_add's -P handling. For dependencies the pkgdb path was computed incorrectly and included destdir more than once. -- Fix the ACTIVE_FTP option to actually set the "a" flag and not the old "p" flag. -- Restore "pkg_add -f" functionality for missing dependencies. PR 42001. -- "pkg_admin rebuild" should count packages correctly; also count @pkgdir. -- Fix gpg-sign-package syntax in pkg_admin(1). -- Change default URL for pkg-vulnerabilities to use HTTP. -- Don't dereference a null pointer for "pkg_admin add" ++oo Fix unaligned access in sha2(3). PR 42273. ++oo newsyslog(8): Reset ziptype on each line. Fixes a bug where log files were always compressed if they were listed after a line with the Z or J flag. ++oo ld.elf_so(1): Restore backwards compatibility for binaries referenc- ing the main Obj_Entry. ++oo dkctl(8): Print the device name on addwedge when the addition was successful. ++oo vfwprintf(3): If the current locale doesn't define the 'thousands' grouping info then use sane defaults (',' every 3 digits). Fixes PR 40714. ++oo fsck_ext2fs(8): Ignore the "-P" option as intended. PR 41490. ++oo vi(1): Fix an issue where the pattern / doesn't match a dollar sign. PR 41781. ++oo printf(1): Avoid segv on "printf '%*********s' 666". ++oo newfs_msdos(8): Make fs size detection get proper size rather than disk size. Without this, newfs_msdos assumes the target fs size is whole disk size, so newfs_msdos will fail or create wrong fs. ++oo Prevent makefs(8) from creating invalid ISO format on rockridge sup- port which causes fatal errors in ARC BIOS firmware on MIPS Magnum R4000. PR 42410. ++oo Renamed a number of internal getline() functions to get_line() so as to compile under -current. ++oo Various documentation fixes. ++oo Update and add some TNF ssh keys to _/_e_t_c_/_s_s_h_/_s_s_h___k_n_o_w_n___h_o_s_t_s. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 55..00 aanndd 55..00..11 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 5.0.1 release is the first critical/security update of the NetBSD 5.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical for stability or security reasons. Please note that all fixes in critical/security updates (i.e., NetBSD 5.0.1, 5.0.2, etc.) are cumulative, so the latest update contains all such fixes since the corresponding minor release. These fixes will also appear in future minor releases (i.e., NetBSD 5.1, 5.2, etc.), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-5.0.1: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--55..00..11//CCHHAANNGGEESS--55..00..11 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0.1 release tree. An abbreviated list is as follows: _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y _A_d_v_i_s_o_r_y _F_i_x_e_s ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-004 (NetBSD OpenPAM passwd(1) changing weakness): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000044..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-005 (Plaintext Recovery Attack Against SSH): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000055..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-006 (Buffer overflows in ntp): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000066..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-007 (Buffer overflows in hack(6)): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000077..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-008 (OpenSSL ASN1 parsing denial of service and CMS signature verification weakness): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000088..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-009 (OpenSSL DTLS Memory Exhaustion and DSA signature verification vulnerabilities): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--000099..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-010 (ISC dhclient subnet-mask flag stack overflow): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--001100..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-011 (ISC DHCP server Denial of Service vulnerability): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--001111..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-012 (SHA2 implementation potential buffer overflow): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--001122..ttxxtt..aasscc ++oo NetBSD-SA2009-013 (BIND named dynamic update Denial of Service vul- nerability): hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//sseeccuurriittyy//aaddvviissoorriieess//NNeettBBSSDD--SSAA22000099--001133..ttxxtt..aasscc Advisories prior to NetBSD-SA2009-004 do not affect NetBSD 5.0: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseeccuurriittyy//ppaattcchheess--55..00..hhttmmll _K_e_r_n_e_l ++oo Fix random ``filesystem full'' messages on large FFS file systems. ++oo Fix a regression in the 4.4BSD scheduler, improving interactive per- formance under load. ++oo Remove a race where physio_done() may use memory already freed. Fixes PR kern/39536. ++oo Fix a crash observed when trying to load a corrupted ELF kernel mod- ule. ++oo Fix PR kern/41566, where writes on the controlling tty were not being awoken from blocks. ++oo Various fixes for POSIX message queues. ++oo Fix a possible deadlock in the VFS subsystem. ++oo Fixes for POSIX advisory locks. ++oo A number of other stability fixes. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo Follow exactly the recommendation of draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpse- cure-11.txt: Don't check gainst the last ack received, but the expected sequence number. This makes RST handling independent of delayed ACK. ++oo Fix a panic when trying to disable IPFilter before enabling it. Fixes PR kern/41364. _D_r_i_v_e_r_s ++oo ehci(4): Add a workaround for ATI SB600 and SB700 revisions A12 and A13 to avoid a USB subsystem hang when the system has multiple USB devices connected to it or one device is re-connected often. ++oo wm(4): -- On i82563, FreeBSD's em driver says that the ready bit in the MDIC register may be incorrectly set. Insert delay(200) like the em driver. Fixes PR kern/41014. -- Add workaround for 82543GC. We need to force speed and duplex on the MAC equal to what the PHY speed and duplex configuration is. Fixes PR kern/36430. -- Fix many problems and panic on TBI's cards (PR kern/32009). _P_l_a_t_f_o_r_m _s_p_e_c_i_f_i_c ++oo x86 (amd64 and i386): Add a workaround for a bug with some Opteron revisions where locked operations sometimes do not serve as memory barriers, allowing memory references to bleed outside of critical sections. ++oo amd64: Handle protection faults properly, returning SIGSEGV instead of SIGBUS. ++oo hp300: Make install.md probe cd(4) devices properly. ++oo pmax: Make ksyms(4) actually work. ++oo sh3: Fix logic error in copyinstr() when deciding whether to return EFAULT or ENAMETOOLONG. ++oo sparc64: -- Fix long double support in 32bit libc. Fixes PR port- sparc64/41406. -- When preparing the initial trap frame for a new forked lwp, explicitly clear condition code. Otherwise we might catch a sig- nal before we ever return to userland. Fixes PR port- sparc64/41302. ++oo vax: binutils: Allocate relocation section using bfd_zalloc() to ensure no garbage relocations when not all the entries are used. Fixes PR port-vax/39182. _U_s_e_r_l_a_n_d ++oo Update pkg_install to 20090724. _N_o_t_e_: pkg_install now depends on the pkgdb cache for automatic con- flict detection. It is recommended to rebuild the cache with # ppkkgg__aaddmmiinn rreebbuuiilldd audit-packages.conf(5) has been superseded by pkg_install.conf(5). The default configuration is the same. Support for pkg_view(1) has been retired. The functionality of audit-packages(1) and download-vulnerability-list(1) has moved into pkg_admin(1). However, wrapper scripts that handle the common use cases are provided. ++oo Update libfetch to 2.23. ++oo racoonctl(8): Adjust ADMINPORTDIR to match that of racoon (/var/run). Fixes PR bin/41376. ++oo schedctl(8): Skip LSIDL and LSZOMB threads when retrieving info. ++oo postinstall(8) now knows about /etc/dhcpcd.conf. _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s ++oo The X.Org s3 driver now works. ++oo Install the Xvidtune app-defaults file. ++oo Fixes to Linux compat: -- In sendmsg(2), do copy the msghdr structure before trying to use it. -- In linux_sys_sched_getaffinity(), do not leak memory on error. ++oo Various METALOG fixes, including sorting entries. Addresses PR toolchain/24457 and PR bin/41155. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 44..00 aanndd 55..00 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 5.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhance- ments, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhance- ments. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that went into the NetBSD 5.0 release. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--55..00//CCHHAANNGGEESS and CHANGES-5.0: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--55..00//CCHHAANNGGEESS--55..00 files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 5.0 release tree. Some highlights include: _G_e_n_e_r_a_l _k_e_r_n_e_l ++oo Introduced new synchronization primitives and made almost all core kernel subsystems use fine-grained locking, resulting in much greater performance on MP systems. See mutex(9), rwlock(9), and condvar(9). ++oo The threading system was rewritten and is now based on a 1:1 model. ++oo Made the process scheduler modular, allowing for different scheduling algorithms to be selected. ++oo The default scheduler implementation was rewritten, giving large per- formance improvements on SMP systems, and bringing support for real- time and time-sharing classes. ++oo Added support for SCHED_M2, a second scheduling algorithm, as an alternative to the original SCHED_4BSD algorithm. ++oo Added support for POSIX real-time scheduling extensions. ++oo Added support for POSIX asynchronous I/O. ++oo Added support for POSIX message queues. ++oo Added support for processor sets, CPU sets, and thread affinity. See pset(3), cpuset(3), and affinity(3). ++oo Added MI code to support in-kernel preemption and made i386 and amd64 use it. See kpreempt(9). ++oo Added a new implementation of software interrupts in a machine-inde- pendent way to provide software interrupts with thread context. All ports were made to use it. See softint(9). ++oo Added support for per-system call statistics. ++oo Added support for per-CPU work-queues. See workqueue(9). ++oo Added support for kernel core dumps to software RAID 1 sets. ++oo Added mremap(2), to remap virtual memory addresses. ++oo Added support for dynamic changing of SysV message queues and sema- phore limits. ++oo Improved pagedaemon behavior on memory shortage. ++oo Added TFTPROOT option for TFTPing root ramdisk at root mount time. ++oo Added putter(9) (Pass-to-Userspace Transporter), a generic request- response handler for kernel-attached userspace daemons. ++oo Added a new power management framework, pmf(9). ++oo By default, the kernel no longer enters ddb(4) if it panics. To get the old behavior, set ddb.onpanic to 1 in /etc/sysctl.conf. ++oo ddb(4): Added a ``whatis'' command, inspired by Solaris. ++oo All ports made to use generic todr(9). ++oo All ports made to use timecounter(9). ++oo Added Mersenne Twister PRNG implementation. ++oo Added posix_madvise(2). ++oo Numerous improvements to compat_linux(8) and compat_linux32. ++oo Device attach and detach notifications are now exposed via /dev/drvctl. ++oo Added sockopt(9), a new kernel API for passing socket options. ++oo If no usable init(8) program can be found, set the RB_ASKNAME flag and prompt users for the init path. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo Added ipv6 fast forward support, which increases forwarding speed by hashing/caching flows. ++oo Added per-socket keepalive timer settings and the ability to change connection timeouts. ++oo Added support for automatic sizing of TCP socket buffers. ++oo Added a new socket option SO_NOHEADER to tell the network stack to strip the protocol header from packets received on a raw socket. ++oo Added accept filters. See accept_filter(9), accf_data(9), and accf_http(9). ++oo fast_ipsec(4): Added support for IPsec NAT-T. ++oo pf(4): Made ``nat'' and ``rdr'' translation rules obey state policy flags. Extended pf.conf(5) syntax to express the translation-state policies. ++oo Network statistics were changed to be per-CPU. ++oo ALTQ: Added support for source address hashing in the WFQ scheduler. ++oo Pulled in IANA-generated services and protocols files. _F_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m_s ++oo Added wapbl(4), a preview of metadata journaling for FFS. Contributed by Wasabi Systems. ++oo Added read-only support for Apple HFS+ file systems. See mount_hfs(8). ++oo Added read-only support for Silicon Graphics EFS file systems. See mount_efs(8). ++oo Added write support for UDF file systems. See mount_udf(8). ++oo Added mount_psshfs(8), to support puffs(3) sshfs. ++oo Added mount_9p(8), to support 9P file services with puffs(3). ++oo Added rump_nfs(8), a userspace NFS client. ++oo Added mount_sysctlfs(8), to support browsing, querying, and modifying the sysctl(3) hierarchy. ++oo Added refuse(3) for FUSE compatibility functionality, layered on top of puffs(3). ++oo Added the user kernel file system library, ukfs(3), for standalone file system access. ++oo Added p2k(3), a puffs(3) to kernel vfs adaption library. ++oo puffs(4): Added support for NFS exporting puffs file servers. ++oo Added 32 bit UID/GID support for ext2fs. ++oo Added a newfs_ext2fs(8) utility to create Ext2 file systems. ++oo /proc is now mounted by default. Extended the Linux emulation of /proc to include /proc/stat, /proc/loadavg, and /proc//statm. Linux compatibility mode is now the default. Use -o nolinux if Linux compatibility is not desired. ++oo Write speed to FAT file systems was significantly increased and the 255 head limit was removed. ++oo Imported FreeBSD's unionfs. ++oo fsck_ext2fs(8), fsck_ffs(8), fsck_lfs(8): Disable userid to username lookups by default and add -U flag to perform them. ++oo scan_ffs(8): Added -b option to search a partition for valid alter- nate superblocks. ++oo fsck_ffs(8): Added -x/-X options, which allow running fsck_ffs -n on a snapshot of a live filesystem. _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y ++oo Added support for per-user /tmp. See security(8). ++oo Added support for ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) in the kernel and dynamic linker. See security(8). ++oo Added an opencrypto(9) provider for VIA ACE (AES encryption instruc- tions). ++oo Added nsp(4), a driver for NetOctave NSP2000, contributed by NBMK Encryption Technologies, ported from vendor FreeBSD SDK and inte- grated with opencrypto by Coyote Point Systems. ++oo opencrypto(9): Improved performance by adding asynchronous operation and batched submit/retrieve of requests/results. Contributed by Coy- ote Point Systems. ++oo cgd(4): Changed the default IV to encblkno1, which is faster without a real loss of security. ++oo openssl(1): Enabled support for Camellia. _D_r_i_v_e_r_s ++oo Audio: -- Added pad(4), a pseudo-audio device driver for feeding back raw PCM data to userland. -- Added sgsmix(4), a driver for the SGS 7433 mixer found in some G3 Macs. -- umidi(4): Added support for Roland UA25, UA4FX, and SonicCell devices. -- dbri(4): Added support for audio input. -- auvia(4) now works on big endian machines. -- azalia(4): AD1984 support was greatly improved. Added support for Realtek ALC662-GR and ALC269 codecs, which are found in EeePCs. Added support for ALC268. -- auich(4): Fixed a clock accounting problem that prevented detect- ing sample rates correctly. ++oo Hardware Monitoring: -- Imported envsys2, which brings, among other things, the ability to send events to powerd(8). See envsys(4) and sysmon_envsys(9). -- Added support for hardware monitoring on Sun Ultra Enterprise 450. -- Added aiboost(4), a driver for the ASUS AI Booster ACPI Hardware monitor. -- Added smsc(4), a driver for the hardware monitoring portion of the SMSC LPC47B397. -- Added aps(4), a driver for the IBM Thinkpad Active Protection System. -- Added coretemp(4), a driver for Intel Core (and newer) on-die thermal sensors. -- Added finsio(4), a driver for various Fintek Super I/O chips. -- Added amdtemp(4), a driver for AMD CPU on-die thermal sensors. -- Added dbcool(4), a driver for Analog Devices dbCool chips includ- ing ADT7460, ADT7463, ADT7467, and ADM1030. -- Added alipm(4), a driver for the Acer Labs M7101 Power Management Controller. -- Added admtemp(4), a driver for the Analog Devices ADM1021 temper- ature sensor. -- viaenv(4): Added support for VIA VT8231. -- nsclpcsio(4): Added support for the VLM logical device. -- lm(4): Added an i2c attachment for the LM78 family of temp sensor and fan controllers. ++oo Networking: -- Added jme(4), a driver for the JMicron Technologies JME250 Giga- bit Ethernet and JME260 Fast Ethernet controllers. -- Added u3g(4), a driver for many multi-port 3G datacards. -- Added iwn(4), a driver for the Intel Wireless LAN 4965AGN adapter. -- Added zyd(4), a driver for ZyDAS ZD1211/ZD1211B USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network devices. -- Added uhmodem(4), a driver for 3G wireless modems including Huawei E220 and E620, E-mobile D01HW and D02HW, and NTT DoCoMo a2502. -- Added lii(4), a driver for the Atheros L2 Fast Ethernet con- troller. -- Added btuart(4), a driver for Bluetooth HCI UART (H4). -- Firmware images are now shipped for ipw(4), iwi(4), wpi(4), and iwn(4). For ipw(4) and iwi(4), the Intel EULA has to be accepted via sysctl(8). -- fxp(4): Fixed some TX timeout and RX pool corruption problems. Added a workaround for a hardware ip4csum-tx bug. -- bge(4): Added support for BCM5786 and BCM5906(M). Fixed fiber card support. -- nfe(4): Added support for NVIDIA MCP67/73 Ethernet controllers. Fixed wakeup issues on some newer chips. Fixed a problem with receiving jumbo frames. -- btbc(4): Added support for AnyCom BlueCard devices. -- rum(4): Added support for MELCO WLI-U2-SG54HP, PLANEX GW- US54Mini2, COREGA CG-WLUSB2GL and K.K. CG-WLUSB2GPX, and ABOCOM WUG2700. -- makphy(4): Added support for Marvell 88E1116 Gigabit PHY. -- gem(4): Added support for Sun PCI SX fiber cards and Sun SBus SX fiber cards. -- wm(4): Added support for the Intel PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter. Fixed a bug on receiving a jumbo frame which lead to a panic in sbcompress(). Added support for more ICH9 devices. Fixed an EEPROM-trashing bug on ICH8 and ICH9 chipsets. -- udav(4): Added support for Shantou ADM8515. -- brgphy(4): Added support for BCM5708C. -- re(4): Made hardware vlan(4) insertion/extraction work properly. Added support for the Realtek 8102E/8102EL PCIe 10/100 Ethernet adapters, as well as the 8111C chips that are found on many Intel-based motherboards. -- sk(4), msk(4): Fixed a lock panic on receiving jumbo packets. -- msk(4): Fixed a Yukon EC Ultra cold power up issue. -- bnx(4): Added support for SerDes controllers. -- vge(4): Added ifconfig down and ALTQ support. ++oo Storage: -- Added arcmsr(4), a driver for Areca Technology Corporation SATA RAID controllers. -- Added siisata(4), a driver for Silicon Image SteelVine SATA-II controllers (SiI3124, SiI3132, and SiI3531). -- isp(4): Major update, including 4Gb (24XX) card support and new firmware sets. -- piixide(4): Added support for ICH10. -- ahcisata(4): Added support for ATAPI devices. -- svwsata(4): Added support for ServerWorks HT-1000 SATA con- troller. -- njata(4): Added support for Workbit CF32A CF adapter. -- viaide(4): Added support for VIA CX700, CX700M2, NVIDIA MCP67, and MCP73/77 controllers. -- mfi(4): Added support for LSI SAS1078 and Dell PERC 6 con- trollers. -- mpt(4): Fixed performance problems for old revisions of the Sym- bios 53c1030. -- cac(4): Added initial bio(4) support; only volume status is han- dled at this time. -- siop(4): Added support for the non-PCI NCR 53c720/770 in big- endian mode. -- twa(4): Added support for 3ware 9650 and 9690, based on contribu- tions from Wasabi Systems. -- ciss(4): Added bio(4) support. -- ataraid(4): Added NVIDIA MediaShield, JMicron RAID, and Intel MatrixRAID support. Added support for status reports through bio(4). -- ixpide(4): Added support for ATI SB700/SB800 controllers. -- aac(4): Added support for raw I/O mode and >2TB. -- umass(4): Added support for Sony GPS GPS-CS1. Fixed a panic on device removal. -- aic(4): Worked around an rbus resource allocation problem so that aic PCMCIA cards work again. -- Implemented DIOCACHESYNC for RAIDframe, vnd(4), and cgd(4). -- rccide: Added support for the ServerWorks HT-1000 IDE controller. -- wd33c93: Enabled Fast SCSI transfers for WD33C93B parts with appropriate input clocks. ++oo USB: -- Added uvideo(4), a driver for USB Video Class capture devices, from Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. -- Added uslsa(4), a driver for CP210x USB-RS232 devices. -- Added uchcom(4), a driver for WinChipHead CH341/340 and HL-340 USB-Serial adapters. -- Added uberry(4), a driver to allow RIM BlackBerries to charge from the USB port. -- Added appropriate bus_dmamap_sync(9) calls to uhci(4), ohci(4), and ehci(4) to prevent the CPU from reordering loads and stores against DMA descriptors. This fixes ``host controller process error/host controller halted'' errors. -- ehci(4): Added isochronous transfer support, contributed by Jeremy Morse as part of his Google Summer of Code 2008 project. -- ukbd(4): Added support for function keys F16 through F19. -- uplcom(4): Added support for Willcom WS002IN PHS and SMART Tech- nologies-badged devices. Recognize Corega CG-USBRS232R as a serial device. -- ugensa(4): Added support for Novatel Wireless Merlin CMDA and Ovation U727. -- ubsa(4): Added support for CDMA modems sold by Eurotel/O2. -- uftdi(4): Added support for Sealevel SeaPORT+4 USB to Serial adapter. -- slhci(4): Replaced with Matthew Orgass's driver. ++oo Graphics and Video: -- Switched to X.Org on amd64, i386, macppc, sgimips, shark, and sparc64. -- Added video(4), a video4linux2 compatible capture interface, part of Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. -- Added uvideo(4), a driver for USB Video Class capture devices, from Patrick Mahoney's Google Summer of Code 2008 project. -- Added pseye(4), a driver for the Sony PLAYSTATION(R) Eye USB web- cam. -- Added genfb(4), a generic framebuffer console driver with PCI and SBus frontends. -- Added AGPv3 support to VIA AGP driver. -- Added support for Fujitsu AG-10e graphics cards. -- Added r128fb, an accelerated console driver for ATI Rage 128 graphics controllers. -- Added isv(4), a driver for the IDEC Supervision/16 image capture board. -- wscons(4): Added scrollback support to vcons. -- cgfourteen(4): Added support for wscons. -- agp(4): Added support for ALI M1689, MB i965Q, Intel Q33/35/G33, Intel 945GME, and Intel 946GZ. -- bktr(4) now works on amd64. ++oo Miscellaneous: -- Added pud(4), a driver that makes it possible to implement block and character devices in userspace. -- Added spdmem(4), a Serial Presence Detect driver that decodes technical specs stored in the eeprom on common types of memory modules. -- Added bcsp(4) to support the BlueCore Serial Protocol. -- Added thinkpad(4), a driver to support IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad hotkeys, brightness controls, and temperature and fan monitoring. -- Added gcscpcib(4), a driver for the AMD CS5535 and CS5536 Compan- ion Device with support for the timecounter, watchdog timer, and GPIO. -- Added ichsmb(4), a driver for Intel ICH SMBus controllers. -- Added asus(4), a driver for ASUS ACPI hotkeys as found in the EeePC. -- Added acpidalb(4), a driver for PNP0C32 ACPI hotkeys, aka the Direct Application Launch Buttons. -- Added hpqlb(4), a driver for hotkeys on some HP notebooks. -- adb(4): New and simplified MI ADB drivers. -- ichlpcib(4): Added support for the TCO (watchdog) on ICH6 or newer chipsets. Now runs on EM64T systems as well. -- itesio(4): Added support for the watchdog timer. -- ulpt(4): Implemented non-blocking read. -- puc(4): Added support for the I-O DATA RSA-PCI 2 port serial board, Digi International 4 and 8 port boards, and B&B Electron- ics MIPort serial boards. -- piixpm(4): Added support for ATI SB600, SB700, and SB800 SMBus controllers. -- wscons(4): Added support for the Colemak keyboard layout. -- com(4): Added support for PCMCIA Sierra Wireless Aircard 850. -- nfsmb(4): Added support for numerous NVIDIA chipsets. _P_l_a_t_f_o_r_m_s ++oo x86 (i386, amd64): -- Removed GENERIC.MP and made MULTIPROCESSOR mandatory. -- Enabled BUFQ_PRIOCSCAN in GENERIC for better responsiveness under heavy disk I/O. -- Added fatboot, a sub-512 byte bootloader that can be written into the first sector of a FAT16 file system. -- Added support for enhanced speedstep on Intel Atom CPUs. -- Added a High Precision Event Timer driver. -- Merged amd64 and i386 pmap. Large pages are always used if avail- able. -- Added support for the Intel 82G965 chipset. -- Added boot.cfg(5) to configure the bootloader. -- The boot menu now allows disabling ACPI and/or SMP. -- Added support for ACPI S3 (suspend-to-RAM) on MP systems. -- Added mbr(8) variants that directly access serial ports. -- It is now possible on some systems to get to a ddb(4) session on a VGA console if the system crashed while X11 was running. -- Added detection of errata for AMD Family 10h steppings A and 2. -- Added checks for erratum 261 on AMD Family 10h stepping 3 proces- sors. -- boot(8): Added support for the multiboot protocol. This allows booting Xen without GRUB. -- The kernel now recognizes CD-ROMs as booted devices. -- Added an Intel On Demand Clock Modulation driver. ++oo i386: -- Removed support for 80386 level CPUs. -- Added support for Microsoft Xbox. -- Added cmos(4), a driver for CMOS RAM. -- Added support for VIA Esther. -- i386 bootblocks are now able to boot amd64 kernels and support for a.out kernels has been removed. -- Removed pccons. -- Added support for sparse kernel core dumps. -- Removed the MATH_EMULATE option. -- Added the i386-specific COMPAT_30_PTHREAD option, which restores binary compatibility with netbsd-3 libpthread. ++oo amd64: -- Added support for PCI_BUS_FIXUP and PCI_ADDR_FIXUP kernel options. ++oo acorn32: -- Added support for Kinetic cards. -- Fixed up boot32 to work on A7000+. ++oo algor: -- Fixed a delay(9) issue and now the P5064 kernel works in gxemul. ++oo alpha: -- Make dynamic executables work under compat_osf1(8) again. ++oo amiga: -- Added a wdc(4) frontend for the buddha and catweazle Z2 hardware. ++oo arc: -- Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. -- Added sysinst(8) support. ++oo arm: -- Added armv6 kernel support. -- Added arm32 support for kernel crashdumps. -- Added VFP support. -- Added AT91 support. -- Added FA526 support. -- Added the missing kernel bits that kept eeprom(8) from actually changing firmware settings. ++oo atari: -- Fixed the sysinst miniroot image and retired the old miniroot. -- Fixed a hang on loading md_root from floppy during installation. -- Many pmap bugs were fixed and it was synced with amiga's pmap. -- Fixed a lost interrupt problem on Falcon wdc(4). -- Renamed the BOOT kernel to SMALL030 and removed BOOTX. -- Added support for installation from GEMDOS partitions. -- Fixed an ncr5380 SCSI freezing problem that occurred during boot. ++oo bebox: -- Converted to generic powerpc PCI and ISA frameworks. -- Added support for genfb(4). ++oo cobalt: -- Added sysinst(8) support. -- Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. -- Added support for booting from Ext2fs partitions. -- Added netboot support for 21041 on Qube 2700. -- Startup and shutdown messages, as well as a banner and kernel name are now printed on the LCD panel. -- Added kernel and bootloader support for optional Z85C30 serial on Qube 2700. -- Fixed a botched spl(9) bug which could cause a network freeze on traffic between two network interfaces. ++oo evbarm: -- Added support for the Cortina Systems SL3516 evaluation board. -- Added support for NPE Ethernet found on IXP425 boards. -- Added a PXA2x0 RTC driver. ++oo evbmips: -- Added support for Infineon ADM5120. ++oo evbppc: -- Added support for Xilinx Virtex II-Pro/4-FX. -- Converted PM/PPC to generic powerpc clock, PCI, and interrupt frameworks. -- Fixed sysinst to refer to the proper WALNUT and OPENBLOCKS266 kernels. ++oo hp700: -- Added support for booting from CD-ROM images. -- Fixed kernel profiling. -- Kernels are now compiled with -O2. -- Added gdb(1) support. -- Added bootinfo support. -- Added support for NCR 53C720. ++oo hpcmips: -- Fixed a silent hangup problem on TX3922 machines. ++oo ibmnws: -- Converted to generic powerpc clock, PCI, and interrupt frame- works. ++oo landisk: -- Added sysinst(8) support. -- Fixed MD bus_dmamap_load(9) so that NFS write works with re(4). ++oo mac68k: -- Added support for more NuBus video cards, including VillageTronic MacPicasso 340. -- Added support for Creative Systems Inc Hurdler CPI NuBus parallel printer card. -- Switched sn(4) to use the MI SONIC driver. ++oo macppc: -- Switched to generic powerpc interrupt, clock, PCI, bus_dma(9), bus_space(9), SMP, and IPI frameworks. -- genfb(4) is now the default framebuffer. -- Switched to the new ADB subsystem. -- Added support for bus speed control found in some Intrepid-based laptops like the 800MHz iBook G4. -- Converted to shared ofw_autoconf. -- Converted to shared powerpc major numbers. -- Added an experimental Apple UniNorth AGP driver. ++oo mvmeppc: -- Converted to generic powerpc clock/PCI/interrupt frameworks. ++oo m68k: -- Fixed a panic in FPE code caused by 040/060 specific FDADD instructions on 020/030 machines. -- gcc(1): Fix jump table addressing in the M68k codegen. -- Fixed floating point handling regressions. ++oo ofppc: -- Completely rewrote the ofppc port from scratch. -- Added support for the bplan/Genesi Pegasos II. -- Added support for the IBM 7044-270. -- Added support for the IBM 7046-B50. -- Added install support and booting from RAID. -- Fixed ofwboot to work on an IBM CHRP-based RS/6000. -- Added support for SMP. ++oo pmppc: -- Removed pmppc as a port and moved it under evbppc. ++oo powerpc: -- Added a generic interrupt handler framework. -- Added generic shared timecounter-based clock routines. -- Added shared PReP memory maps. -- Added generic powerpc OpenFirmware code. -- Added a generic powerpc IPI framework. -- Added new generic powerpc SMP support framework. -- Added tuned assembler from IBM for memcpy(3), memmove(3), and memcmp(3). -- Added booted_kernel and booted_device sysctl. -- Added the missing kernel bits that kept eeprom(8) from actually changing firmware settings. ++oo prep: -- Switched to generic powerpc PCI, ISA, interrupt, clock, IPI, and SMP frameworks. -- Added support for the MTX604 RAVEN based machine. Other RAVEN based machines are also likely to work now. -- Added support for floppy controller/drive. ++oo sandpoint: -- Switched to generic powerpc interrupt, clock, PCI, and ISA frame- works. -- Added a DHCP/NFS bootloader. -- Converted to shared powerpc major numbers. ++oo sgimips: -- Added support for the SGI O2 PS/2 controller macekbc(4), onboard display adapter crmfb(4), and audio driver mavb(4). -- Added support for Set Engineering's GIO Fast Ethernet board: tl(4). -- Added support for the SGI Light/Entry/Starter LG1/LG2 frame- buffers found in Indigo systems: light(4). -- Added support for the sq(4) interface on the Challenge S's IOPLUS mezzanine. -- Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. -- Many bug fixes and improvements to the MAC-110 Ethernet driver found in the O2. ++oo sh3: -- Implemented fast path TLB miss handling. -- Fixed compilation of native sh3 gcc on 64-bit build machines. -- Added support for single-stepping in ddb(4). ++oo shark: -- Added dhclient(8) to the install disk image. -- The installation disk now uses wscons. -- Removed pccons, which has been obsoleted by wscons(4). -- X works again on revision 4 machines. ++oo sparc: -- Added support for booting from UFS2 partitions. -- Added support for Sun PGX32 / TechSource Raptor GFX 8P to genfb(4). ++oo sparc64: -- SMP now works. -- Fixed boot device matching on U5/U10 machines to properly distin- guish cd0 from wd0. ++oo vax: -- Turned on generation of PIC code. -- Added an accelerated driver for SPX graphics cards found in some VAXstations. -- Fixed Unibus support on VAX11/780 and 8600 models. ++oo xen: -- Added support for amd64, both as dom0 and domU. -- Added support for the i386 PAE extension to Xen3 domU. -- Fixed PCI_BUS_FIXUP/PCI_ADDR_FIXUP support. ++oo zaurus: -- Added the zaurus port, with support for Sharp C3x00 PDAs. -- Allow Zaurus screen to rotate 90 degrees to a usable state with the keyboard. -- Added support for detecting the AC adapter and charging the bat- tery. -- Added sysinst(8) support. _U_s_e_r_l_a_n_d ++oo 3rd party software updates: -- ACPICA 20080321 -- am-utils 6.2a3 -- BIND 9.5.0-P2 -- file 4.26 -- GNU gcc 4.1.3-20080831 -- GNU gdb 6.5 on all ports -- IPFilter 4.1.29 -- (n)awk 20070501 -- NTP 4.2.4p6 -- nvi 1.81 -- openpam 20071221 -- OpenSSH 5.0p1 -- OpenSSL SNAP-20080509 -- PF from OpenBSD 4.2 -- Postfix 2.5.4 -- texinfo 4.8 ++oo Libraries: -- pthread(3): ++oo Major overhaul, resulting in many performance and stability improvements. ++oo Added POSIX real-time extensions. ++oo Diagnostic assertions are now disabled by default. Applica- tion errors will be reported only by error return from pthread APIs. The assertions can be re-enabled by setting the PTHREAD_DIAGASSERT environment variable as desired. ++oo Added a PTHREAD__COMPAT build flag which creates a libpthread that can be dropped into a NetBSD 2/3/4 chroot and used on a kernel without scheduler activations support. -- Replaced the default malloc(3) with jemalloc, bringing a signifi- cant performance boost for many threaded workloads that make heavy use of malloc. -- curses(3): ++oo Merged wide curses work done by Ruibiao Qui as a Google Sum- mer of Code project. ++oo Added termattrs(3) and term_attrs(3). ++oo Added getwin(3) and putwin(3). -- util(3): ++oo Added estrndup(3). ++oo Added raise_default_signal(3). -- Added C99 complex support (float/double) to math(3). -- proplib(3): ++oo Implemented prop_dictionary_make_immutable(3). ++oo Added prop_array_util(3) functions. -- libc: ++oo Added dehumanize_number(3). ++oo Added posix_memalign(3). ++oo Replaced O(nm) versions of strspn(3), strcspn(3), and strpbrk(3) with O(n+m) implementations. ++oo Added getlogin_r(2). ++oo Added the C99 functions imaxabs(3) and imaxdiv(3). ++oo Enabled atomic_ops(3) in userspace. ++oo queue(3): Added TAILQ_CONCAT() and STAILQ_CONCAT(). -- Added libgcov. ++oo Imported bozohttpd, a small HTTP server. See httpd(8). ++oo Imported dhcpcd 4.0.10. ++oo Imported openldap 2.4.11. ++oo Added rump(3), the Runnable Userspace Meta Program framework. Allows running kernel code in userspace applications. ++oo Added cpuctl(8), a utility that allows placing CPUs online/offline. ++oo Added schedctl(8), a program to control scheduling of processes and threads. ++oo Added psrset(8), a utility to control processor sets. ++oo Added atf(7), the Automated Testing Framework, Julio M. Merino Vidal's 2007 Google Summer of Code project. ++oo Added newgrp(1), a utility to change effective group ID. ++oo Added tcpdrop(8), a utility to drop tcp(4) connections. ++oo Added acpitools from FreeBSD: acpidump(8) and amldb(8). ++oo Added dkscan_bsdlabel(8) to scan disks for BSD disklabels. ++oo Added btkey(1), a utility to manage Bluetooth link keys in OS and device storage. ++oo Added svhlabel(8), a tool to update disklabel(5) from SGI Volume Header, like mbrlabel(8) for MBR labels. ++oo Added pcc(1) as an alternative compiler. ++oo Added btpand(8), a Bluetooth Personal Area Networking profile daemon. ++oo Added c99(1) as a wrapper to run cc(1) in C99 mode. ++oo Added support for Solaris $ORIGIN etc. expansions in paths. ++oo Added BUILDSEED support to build.sh to yield reproducible C++ builds. ++oo Added support for ``cc -m32'' on amd64 and sparc64 to generate 32 bit binaries. 32bit libraries are now provided on these two ports. ++oo ld(1) can now link 32bit objects on amd64. ++oo vi(1) has been updated to nvi 1.81, which supports internationaliza- tion. It also grew a new NetBSD-specific expandtab option. ++oo pkill(1): Added the -l (long format) option. ++oo find(1): Added the -delete and -E (extended regex) options. ++oo xargs(1): Replaced with FreeBSD's while keeping our GNU compatible exit values. ++oo sdiff(1): Replaced by OpenBSD's sdiff(1). ++oo pax(1): Added a -V flag for verbose summary without listing. ++oo top(1): Allow a single process to be selected by pid. Added a thread mode that displays LWPs. ++oo scsictl(8): Added a setspeed command. ++oo split(1): Added a new option ``-n chunk_count'' that splits the input into chunk_count smaller files. ++oo df(1): Fixed the -P option and added the -g (gigabytes) option. ++oo wtf(6) now searches pkgsrc's help database when called inside a pack- age directory. ++oo atactl(8): Improved SATA support. ++oo wlanctl(8): Added a -p flag that only prints public nodes. ++oo btconfig(8): Added a new ``rssi'' option to toggle inquiry results with RSSI. ++oo ifconfig(8): Added ``list scan'' to ifconfig, which lists access points in the neighborhood. ++oo newsyslog.conf(5) gained a ``J'' flag to bzip2 logfiles. ++oo fdisk(8) now reports the first active partition. ++oo bioctl(8) was rewritten to handle new features like creating and removing hot-spares, pass-through disks and RAID volumes, start/stop consistency checks in volumes. ++oo savecore(8) now uses the raw device to read crashdumps. ++oo make(1): Implemented ``-dl'' (aka LOUD) to override ``@'' at the start of script lines. ++oo monop(6): The save and restore format changed, breaking compatibility with already broken previous save files. ++oo iconv(1) now allows SUSv3 syntax. ++oo lint(1): Added _Complex support. ++oo ftp(1): Added epsv6 and epsv to disable extended passive mode. ++oo getent(1): Added support for ``netgroup'' databases. ++oo ypserv(8): Disabled libwrap address to hostname lookups to avoid the chance of ypserv blocking for an extended period of time due to a long DNS timeout. ++oo postfix(1): Enabled LDAP support for tables. ++oo amd(8): Enabled LDAP support for maps. ++oo newfs(8): Added support for the ``t'' (terabytes) suffix. ++oo grep(1): A warning is now printed if ``-r'' is used without specify- ing an argument. ++oo db(1): Added support for encoding or decoding VIS_HTTPSTYLE, and for tuning the page size of the database. ++oo daily.conf(5): Added run_fsck_flags to allow passing extra options to the daily fsck -n. ++oo sysinst(8) now supports the Colemak and Dvorak keyboard layouts. ++oo od(1) Added support for the ``-A addressformat'' flag. ++oo etcupdate(8): Removed the ``-b binarydir'' and ``-s srcdir/etc'' options which were deprecated in NetBSD-4.0. Deprecate the ``-s tgz1:tgz2'' option; please use ``-s tgz1 -s tgz2'' instead. ++oo postinstall(8): Deprecated the ``-s tgz1:tgz2'' option; please use ``-s tgz1 -s tgz2'' instead. ++oo sed(1): Added the -r flag, which is an alias for -E, to be compatible with GNU sed. ++oo patch(1): Merged improved version from DragonFly. patch -b now behaves as specified by POSIX. ++oo rc.conf(5): ifconfig_xxN variables may now have multi-line values, just like /etc/ifconfig.xxN files, and semicolons may be used instead of line breaks. ++oo ls(1): -n now implies -l. ++oo ps(1): Added the -A option, to display information about all pro- cesses. Use ``O'' for LSONPROC like Solaris instead of bundling LSIDL, LSRUN, and LSONPROC to ``R''. ++oo ksh(1): Fixed POSIX mode interpretation of backslashes inside back- quotes inside double quotes. ++oo makefs(8): Made the allow-multidot option for cd9660 useful. ++oo restore(8) now works on Linux dump volumes, by ignoring extended attribute records on these volumes. ++oo Added an rc.d(8) script for rndctl(8). ++oo MAKEDEV(8) now creates /dev rather than init(8). ++oo MAKEDEV(8) now uses mtree(8) in preference to pax(1) and mknod(8), making node creation more efficient, and mount_tmpfs(8) in preference to mount_mfs(8) when creating a memory file system. ++oo MAKEDEV.local(8) can now use functions defined in MAKEDEV(8). Besides this list, there have also been innumerable bug fixes and miscel- laneous enhancements. _C_o_m_p_o_n_e_n_t_s _r_e_m_o_v_e_d _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D In NetBSD 5.0, the following software components were removed from the system. Some were not useful anymore, or their utility did not justify the maintenance overhead. Others were not working properly and there was a lack of interest in fixing them. ++oo The pc532 port. ++oo Support for systrace. ++oo HP-UX binary compatibility. ++oo The esl driver. ++oo Support for NQNFS. ++oo The TPCONS option in netiso. _K_n_o_w_n _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_s Using block device nodes (e.g., wd0a) directly for I/O may cause a kernel crash when the file system containing _/_d_e_v is FFS and is mounted with -o log. Workaround: use raw disk devices (e.g., rwd0a), or remount the file system without -o log. Occassionally, gdb may cause a process that is being debugged to hang when ``single stepped''. Workaround: kill and restart the affected process. gdb cannot debug running threaded programs correctly. Workaround: gener- ate a core file from the program using gcore(1) and pass the core to gdb, instead of debugging the running program. Statically linked binaries using pthreads are currently broken. The sparc port does not have functional SMP support in this release. FFeeaattuurreess ttoo bbee rreemmoovveedd iinn aa llaatteerr rreelleeaassee The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future: ++oo Support for soft dependencies, also knows as soft updates (see ``softdep'' in mount(8)) will be removed in the next major release. NetBSD 5.0.2 includes a preview of WAPBL (Write Ahead Physical Block Logging), which will replace soft dependencies in the next major release. See wapbl(4) and hhttttpp::////mmaaiill--iinnddeexx..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//nneettbbssdd--aannnnoouunnccee//22000088//1122//1144//mmssgg000000005511..hhttmmll for details. ++oo Support for Xen 2.0.x. The Xen-3 and hypervisor interface is diverg- ing from Xen-2 as development is ongoing, increasing the maintenance cost for NetBSD. It should be considered as deprecated. Users are expected to not rely on it any more beyond this major release. Further, at least version 3.1 of Xen will be required to run NetBSD as Dom0 or DomU. TThhee NNeettBBSSDD FFoouunnddaattiioonn The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corpora- tion that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trademark of the word ``NetBSD''. It sup- ports the design, development, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide. More information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ffoouunnddaattiioonn// SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD Refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmiirrrroorrss// NNeettBBSSDD 55..00..22 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_5_._0_._2_/ CHANGES Changes between the 4.0 and 5.0 releases. CHANGES-5.0 Changes between the initial 5.0 branch and final release of 5.0. CHANGES.prev Changes in previous NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes and notes about the release. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. _s_o_u_r_c_e_/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 5.0.2 has a binary distribution. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the _s_o_u_r_c_e subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: ggnnuussrrcc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. _8_2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _4_2_2 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d sshhaarreessrrcc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. _7 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_9 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ssrrcc This set contains all of the base NetBSD 5.0.2 sources which are not in ggnnuussrrcc, sshhaarreessrrcc, or ssyyssssrrcc. _5_8 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_8_4 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ssyyssssrrcc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 5.0.2 kernel for all architectures as well as the config(1) utility. _3_6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_8_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxssrrcc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. _1_3_3 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _6_9_9 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d All the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the ppkkggssrrcc set, which is traditionally unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c, all sets may be unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: # ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: MD5 MD5 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa MMDD55 _f_i_l_e. SHA512 SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa SSHHAA551122 _f_i_l_e. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_s_h_a_r_k _s_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The shark-specific portion of the NetBSD 5.0.2 release is found in the _s_h_a_r_k subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_5_._0_._2_/_s_h_a_r_k_/. It con- tains the following files and directories: _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for everything supported in this release. _s_e_t_s_/ shark binary distribution sets; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _m_i_s_c_/ Miscellaneous shark installation utilities; see installation section below. _B_i_n_a_r_y _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD shark binary distribution sets contain the binaries which com- prise the NetBSD 5.0.2 release for shark. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _s_h_a_r_k_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 5.0.2 distribution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 5.0.2 shark bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be mini- mally functional. _2_8 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. _4_1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_4_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d eettcc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. _4 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _8 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC This set contains a NetBSD/shark 5.0.2 GENERIC kernel, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. This set also contains an a.out kernel named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d_._a_o_u_t that your system may need to boot. _4 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _7 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. _1_2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _5_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d mmiisscc This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable doc- ument set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. _4 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_3 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. _3 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1_0 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on X.Org. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. _7 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_2 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. _1_6 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _5_5 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxffoonntt Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients. _3_2 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _7_4 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxeettcc Configuration files for X which could be locally modified. _1 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _1 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d xxsseerrvveerr The X server. This includes the modular Xorg and Xvfb servers. _1_0 _M_B _g_z_i_p_p_e_d_, _2_6 _M_B _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_e_d The shark binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted _b_e_l_o_w _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr --xxzzppff command from the root directory ( _/ ) of your system. _N_o_t_e_: Each directory in the shark binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. NNeettBBSSDD//sshhaarrkk SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD/shark runs on systems based on the Digital Network Appliance Ref- erence Design (or DNARD, pronounced ``shark'' ). The DNARD is a ``network computer'' based on the Digital StrongARM SA-110 processor, and can be configured with up to 64MB of RAM. NetBSD/shark supports all of the standard on-board devices on the DNARD: ++oo IDE interface. Some models included an IDE ZIP drive. ++oo PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports ++oo CS8900 Ethernet ++oo ESS 1887 audio ++oo Joystick port ++oo SmartCard reader GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa Note that if you are installing or upgrading from writable media, it can be write-protected if you wish. These systems mount a root image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media. If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the drive after the system has booted. Installation is supported from several media types, including: ++oo CD-ROM / DVD ++oo MS-DOS floppy ++oo FTP ++oo Remote NFS partition ++oo Tape ++oo Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the var- ious media are outlined below. _C_D_-_R_O_M _/ _D_V_D Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD- ROM or DVD. Likely locations are _b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s and _s_h_a_r_k_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s. Proceed to the instructions on installation. _M_S_-_D_O_S _f_l_o_p_p_y NetBSD does not include split distribution sets for installation by floppy. However, they can be created on a separate machine using the split(1) command, running e.g. sspplliitt --bb 223355kk bbaassee..ttggzz bbaassee.. to split the _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z file from _s_h_a_r_k_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s into files named _b_a_s_e_._a_a, _b_a_s_e_._a_b, and so on. Repeat this for all _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._t_g_z files, split- ting them into _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x files. Count the number of _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x files that make up the distribution sets you want to install or upgrade. You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies. Format all of the floppies with MS-DOS. Do _n_o_t make any of them bootable MS-DOS floppies, i.e. don't use format /s to format them. (If the floppies are bootable, then the MS-DOS system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.) If you're using floppies that are formatted for MS-DOS by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use them out of the box. Place all of the _s_e_t___n_a_m_e_._x_x files on the MS-DOS disks. Once you have the files on MS-DOS disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the sec- tion on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _F_T_P The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. If you don't have DHCP available on your network, you will need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. If you don't have access to a functioning nameserver during installation, the IPv4 address of ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg is 204.152.190.13 and the IPv6 address is 2001:4f8:3:7:230:48ff:fe31:43f2 (as of April, 2009). Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _N_F_S Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will proba- bly require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _T_a_p_e To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format. If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easi- est way to do so is probably something like: # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e _d_i_s_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s where _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e is the name of the tape device that describes the tape drive you're using; possibly _/_d_e_v_/_r_s_t_0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to sys- tem. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system admin- istrator.) In the above example, _d_i_s_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC,, bbaassee,, and eettcc distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: # ccdd ......//NNeettBBSSDD--55..00..22 # ccdd sshhaarrkk//bbiinnaarryy # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC bbaassee eettcc _N_o_t_e_: You still need to fill in _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e in the example. Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD iinnssttaallllaattiioonn First and foremost, before beginning the installation process, _m_a_k_e _s_u_r_e _y_o_u _h_a_v_e _a _r_e_l_i_a_b_l_e _b_a_c_k_u_p of any data on your hard disk that you wish to keep. Repartitioning your hard disk is an excellent way to destroy important data. The Shark platform is most commonly run in a ``diskless'' configuration. That is, the system loads its kernel over the network and uses NFS to access its root file system from a server. It is possible, however, to install NetBSD/shark onto a disk drive; some Shark models included IDE ZIP drives, and it is also possible to mount a laptop drive inside the Shark case (this is left as an exercise for the reader). If you are going to run your Shark in a diskless configuration, you must set up DHCP, TFTP, and NFS on your server; the Shark firmware and kernel use DHCP to obtain their network configuration, the Shark firmware loads the kernel using TFTP, and the Shark kernel uses NFS to access the root file system. See your server system's documentation on how to configure these services. If you are going to run your Shark from a disk, there is essentially no preparation work that you need to do; the Shark firmware understands the NetBSD partition map and FFS file system formats, and loads the kernel directly from an FFS file system. However, you must still configure a DHCP and TFTP server on your network, since the installation software must be loaded over the network. IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The steps taken for installing NetBSD/shark are different for diskless and hard disk configurations. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_o_r _d_i_s_k_l_e_s_s _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_s This section assumes you know how to configure DHCP, TFTP, and NFS ser- vices on your server. 1. Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area. If the ker- nel has a ``.gz'' suffix, you must first uncompress it using the _g_u_n_z_i_p program. server# ccpp nneettbbssdd--GGEENNEERRIICC //ttffttppbboooott//nneettbbssdd--sshhaarrkk Note that your DHCP server must be configured to specify this file as the boot file for the client. 2. Unpack the distribution sets into the client's root directory on the server. server# ccdd //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//sshhaarrkk server# ggzzccaatt ......//bbaassee..ttggzz | ttaarr xxvvppff -- server# ggzzccaatt ......//eettcc..ttggzz | ttaarr xxvvppff -- [repeat for all sets you wish to unpack] 3. Load the kernel from the TFTP server. ok bboooott nneett The installation of your diskless NetBSD/shark system is now complete! You may now skip ahead to any post-installation instructions. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _o_n_t_o _a _h_a_r_d _d_i_s_k To install or upgrade NetBSD/shark on a hard disk, you need to first boot the installation program and then interact with the screen-menu program ssyyssiinnsstt. The installation program actually consists of the NetBSD kernel plus an in-memory file system of utility programs. If you have an existing NetBSD installation on your hard disk, you may copy the special installation kernel into your existing root file system. client# ggzzccaatt ......//sshhaarrkk//iinnssttaallllaattiioonn//iinnssttkkeerrnneell//nneettbbssdd..ggzz >> //nneettbbssdd..iinnsstt You may then boot the installation kernel. ok bboooott ddiisskk nneettbbssdd..iinnsstt If you do not have an existing NetBSD installation, then you must load the installation kernel over the network. You must configure a DHCP and TFTP server in order to do this. Place the installation kernel into the TFTP server's download area. server# ggzzccaatt ......//sshhaarrkk//iinnssttaallllaattiioonn//iinnssttkkeerrnneell//nneettbbssdd..ggzz >> //ttffttppbboooott//sshhaarrkk--iinnsstt Note that your DHCP server must be configured to specify this file as the boot file for the client. You may then boot the installation kernel. ok bboooott nneett Once the installation kernel has loaded, the ssyyssiinnsstt installation program should launch automatically. _R_u_n_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _s_y_s_i_n_s_t _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _p_r_o_g_r_a_m 1. _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n Using ssyyssiinnsstt, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. Still, you should read this document and have it in hand when doing the installation process. This document tries to be a good guide to the installation, and as such, covers many details for the sake of completeness. Do not let this discourage you; the install program is not hard to use. 2. _P_o_s_s_i_b_l_e _h_a_r_d_w_a_r_e _p_r_o_b_l_e_m_s Should you encounter hardware problems during installation, try rebooting after unplugging removable devices you don't need for installation. Non-removable devices can be disabled with uusseerrccoonnff (use bboooott --cc to enter it). 3. _G_e_n_e_r_a_l The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk. ssyyssiinnsstt is a menu driven installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the installation. Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases the default answer will be displayed in brackets (``[ ]'') after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press CONTROL-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch by running the _/_s_y_s_i_n_s_t pro- gram from the command prompt. It is not necessary to reboot. 4. _Q_u_i_c_k _i_n_s_t_a_l_l First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of this document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instruc- tions, skip to the next section. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example. ++oo What you need. -- The distribution sets (in this example, they are on CD). -- One 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy. -- A CD-ROM drive (SCSI), a hard disk and a minimum of of mem- ory installed. -- The hard disk should have at least + _n megabytes of space free, where _n is the number of megabytes of main memory in your system. If you wish to install the X Window System as well, you will need at least 215 MB more. ++oo The Quick Installation -- Insert the first boot floppy you just created and boot the computer. After language selection, the main menu will be displayed. .***********************************************. * NetBSD-5.0.2 Install System * * * *>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk * * b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk * * c: Re-install sets or install additional sets * * d: Reboot the computer * * e: Utility menu * * x: Exit Install System * .***********************************************. -- If you wish, you can configure some network settings immedi- ately by choosing the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and then CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk. It isn't actually required at this point, but it may be more convenient. Go back to the main menu. -- Choose iinnssttaallll. -- You will be guided through some steps regarding the setup of your disk, and the selection of distributed components to install. When in doubt, refer to the rest of this document for details. -- After your disk has been prepared, choose CCDD--RROOMM as the medium. The default values for the path and device should be ok. -- After all the files have been unpacked, go back to the main menu and select rreebboooott, after you have removed the boot- floppy from the drive. -- NetBSD will now boot. If you haven't already done so in ssyyssiinnsstt, you should log in as root and set a password for that account. You are also advised to edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f to match your needs. -- Your installation is now complete. 5. _B_o_o_t_i_n_g _N_e_t_B_S_D Boot your machine. The boot loader will start, and will print a countdown and begin booting. If the boot loader messages do not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the install floppy image to a different disk, and using that. It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, probably around a minute or so, then, the kernel boot messages will be dis- played. This may take a little while also, as NetBSD will be prob- ing your system to discover which hardware devices are installed. The most important thing to know is that wd0 is NetBSD's name for your first IDE disk, wd1 the second, etc. sd0 is your first SCSI disk, sd1 the second, etc. Note that once the system has finished booting, you need not leave the floppy in the disk drive. Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus. 6. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n If you do not intend to use networking during the installation, but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and select the CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk option. If you only want to temporarily use net- working during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can give an empty response when asked to provide a server. 7. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _d_r_i_v_e _s_e_l_e_c_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r_s To start the installation, select IInnssttaallll NNeettBBSSDD ttoo hhaarrdd ddiisskk from the main menu. The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to install NetBSD. ssyyssiinnsstt will report a list of disks it finds and ask you for your selection. You should see disk names like sd0 or sd1. 8. _S_e_l_e_c_t_i_n_g _w_h_i_c_h _s_e_t_s _t_o _i_n_s_t_a_l_l The next step is to choose which distribution sets you wish to install. Options are provided for full, minimal, and custom instal- lations. If you choose sets on your own, bbaassee, eettcc, and a kernel must be selected. 9. _P_a_r_t_i_t_i_o_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_k ++oo Which portion of the disk to use. You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, ssyyssiinnsstt will check for the presence of other operating systems and you will be asked to confirm that you want to over- write these. 10. _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l. If your disk already has a disklabel written to it, you can choose UUssee eexxiissttiinngg ppaarrttiittiioonn ssiizzeess. Otherwise, select SSeett ssiizzeess ooff NNeettBBSSDD ppaarrttiittiioonnss. After you have chosen your partitions and their sizes (or if you opted to use the existing partitions), you will be presented with the layout of the NetBSD disklabel and given one more chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 44..22BBSSDD. A swap parti- tion has a special type called sswwaapp. Some partitions in the diskla- bel have a fixed purpose. a Root partition (_/) b Swap partition. c The NetBSD portion of the disk. d-h Available for other use. Traditionally, e is the par- tition mounted on _/_u_s_r, but this is historical prac- tice and not a fixed value. You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response will be ok for most purposes. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and con- tains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name. 11. _P_r_e_p_a_r_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _h_a_r_d _d_i_s_k _Y_o_u _a_r_e _n_o_w _a_t _t_h_e _p_o_i_n_t _o_f _n_o _r_e_t_u_r_n. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified. If you are sure you want to pro- ceed, select yyeess. The install program will now label your disk and make the file sys- tems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Otherwise, you can continue the installa- tion program after pressing the return key. 12. _G_e_t_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of _s_e_t_s that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. At this point, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly. For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available for extraction, and then do the actual installation. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sections describe each of those methods. After reading the one about the method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled `Extracting the distribution sets'. 13. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _C_D_-_R_O_M When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify the device name for your CD-ROM drive (usually cd0), and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check if the files are indeed available in the specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the sets. 14. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _f_t_p To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will do this for you, asking you if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp server. ssyyssiinnsstt will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the remote site to your hard disk. 15. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _N_F_S To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will do this for you, asking you if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e., correctly exported to your machine. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the NFS server. 16. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a_n _u_n_m_o_u_n_t_e_d _f_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m In order to install from a local file system, you will need to spec- ify the device that the file system resides on (for example sd1e) the type of the file system, and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check if it can indeed access the sets at that location. 17. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a _l_o_c_a_l _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a file sys- tem that is already accessible. ssyyssiinnsstt will ask you for the name of this directory. 18. _E_x_t_r_a_c_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s Before extraction begins, you can elect to watch the files being extracted; the name of each file that is extracted will be shown. This can slow down the installation process considerably on machines with slow graphics consoles or serial consoles. Alternatively, you can choose to see a progress bar. This is the preferred option as it shows progress without significantly slowing down the installa- tion process. After all the files have been extracted, the device node files will be created. If you have already configured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configuration files. The next menu will allow you to select the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC. Finally you will be asked to select a password encryption algorithm and can then set a password for the "root" account, to prevent the machine from coming up without access restrictions. 19. _F_i_n_a_l_i_z_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 5.0.2. You can now reboot the machine and boot NetBSD from hard disk. PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. 1. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f (ssyyssiinnsstt usually will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (_/) mounted read-only. When the sys- tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a _/_b_i_n_/_s_h prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vvtt222200 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard: # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^hh'' # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^??'' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --uu --ww // Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi- user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). When you have finished editing _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that may need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked environment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e. You may also need to add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_cs0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_cs0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Instead of manually configuring network and naming service, DHCP can be used by setting dhclient=YES in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f. Other files in _/_e_t_c that may require modification or setting up include _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f, _/_e_t_c_/_n_s_s_w_i_t_c_h_._c_o_n_f, and _/_e_t_c_/_w_s_c_o_n_s_._c_o_n_f. For Digital DNARD machines you will need to edit _/_e_t_c_/_t_t_y_s and change the console terminal type from vt100 to pc3. 2. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. Unless you've set a password in ssyyssiinnsstt, there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)). One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root. 3. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system. Do not edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database. 4. The X Window System If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chap- ter about X in the NetBSD Guide: hhttttpp::////nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//ddooccss//gguuiiddee//eenn//cchhaapp--xx..hhttmmll 5. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the soft- ware may depend. ++oo More information on the package system is available at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//ssooffttwwaarree//ppaacckkaaggeess..hhttmmll ++oo A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//ppkkggssrrcc//RREEAADDMMEE..hhttmmll ++oo Precompiled binaries can be found at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD// usually in the _s_h_a_r_k_/_5_._0_._2_/_A_l_l subdir. You can install them with the following commands under sh(1): ## PPKKGG__PPAATTHH==ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD//sshhaarrkk//55..00..22//AAllll ## eexxppoorrtt PPKKGG__PPAATTHH ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv ttccsshh ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv bbaasshh ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv ppeerrll ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv aappaacchhee ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv kkddee ## ppkkgg__aadddd --vv ffiirreeffooxx ... If you are using csh(1) then replace the first two lines with the following: ## sseetteennvv PPKKGG__PPAATTHH ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD//sshhaarrkk//55..00..22//AAllll _N_o_t_e_: Some mirror sites don't mirror the _/_p_u_b_/_p_k_g_s_r_c directory. If you would like to use such mirrors, you could also try the _/_p_u_b_/_N_e_t_B_S_D_/_p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s_/_c_u_r_r_e_n_t_-_p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s_/_N_e_t_B_S_D_/_s_h_a_r_k_/_5_._0_._2_/_A_l_l directory, which may have the same contents. The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. _N_o_t_e_: In some cases the pkg_add(1) command will complain about a version mismatch of packages with a message like the following: Warning: package `foo' was built for a different version of the OS: NetBSD/i386 M.N (pkg) vs. NetBSD/i386 5.0.2 (this host), This warning is harmless if the formal major release num- bers are the same between the pkg and your host. Please refer to the NetBSD release glossary and graphs at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//rreelleeaasseess//rreelleeaassee--mmaapp..hhttmmll for more information about NetBSD's release numbering scheme. ++oo The framework for compiling packages can be obtained by retriev- ing the file ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz It is typically extracted into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c (though other loca- tions work fine) with the commands: # ccdd //uussrr # ttaarr --zzxxppff ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz After extracting, see the _d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t file in the extraction directory (e.g., _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t) for more informa- tion. 6. Misc ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. ++oo The _/_e_t_c_/_p_o_s_t_f_i_x_/_m_a_i_n_._c_f file will almost definitely need to be adjusted. If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using pkgsrc or by hand and adjust _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the man- ual; so just invoking # mmaann 55 _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 5.0.2 is with binaries, and that is the method documented here. To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media available. You must also have at least the bbaassee and kkeerrnn binary distribution sets avail- able. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries. Since files already installed on the system are over- written in place, you only need additional free space for files which weren't previously installed or to account for growth of the sets between releases. If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root (_/) and _/_u_s_r partitions, you should have enough space. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to _b_a_c_k _u_p any important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition on your disk before beginning the upgrade process. The upgrade procedure is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning. ssyyssiinnsstt will attempt to merge the settings stored in your _/_e_t_c directory with the new version of NetBSD. Also, file systems are checked before unpacking the sets. Fetching the binary sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure; refer to the installa- tion part of the document for help. After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD 5.0.2 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. You will probably want to update the set of device nodes you have in _/_d_e_v. If you've changed the contents of _/_d_e_v by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can just cd into _/_d_e_v, and run the command: # sshh MMAAKKEEDDEEVV aallll Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the ver- sion of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the NetBSD distribution. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 5.0.2. pkg_install now depends on the pkgdb cache for automatic conflict detec- tion. It is recommended to rebuild the cache with # ppkkgg__aaddmmiinn rreebbuuiilldd audit-packages.conf(5) has been superseded by pkg_install.conf(5). The default configuration is the same. Support for pkg_view(1) has been retired. The functionality of audit-packages(1) and download-vulnerability-list(1) has moved into pkg_admin(1). However, wrapper scripts that handle the common use cases are provided. The pthread libraries from previous versions of NetBSD require that the sysctl(3) node kern.no_sa_support be set to 0. This affects the follow- ing environments: ++oo Running a 5.0 kernel with an older userland. ++oo Running an older userland inside a chroot'ed environment on a 5.0 system. ++oo Running older statically linked pthread applications. The 5.0 kernel defaults to 0 for kern.no_sa_support, which covers the first case. However, please note that a full installation of 5.0 (either from scratch or through an upgrade) will set kern.no_sa_support to 1 dur- ing the boot process. This means that for the last two cases, you will have to manually set kern.no_sa_support to 0, using either the sysctl(8) command or through sysctl.conf(5). Note that ssyyssiinnsstt will automatically invoke postinstall fix and thus all issues that are fixed by ppoossttiinnssttaallll by default (see below) will be handled. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _3_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s See the section below on upgrading from NetBSD 4.x as well. The following issues can generally be resolved by running _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l with the eettcc set: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix Issues fixed by _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l: ++oo Various files in _/_e_t_c need upgrading. These include: -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_t_r_e_e_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_a_i_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_w_e_e_k_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_o_n_t_h_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_u_b_r -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_h_u_t_d_o_w_n -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_e_n_v_s_y_s_._c_o_n_f The following issues need to be resolved manually: ++oo The users `_proxy', `_rwhod', and `_sdpd' and the groups `_proxy', `_rwhod' and `_sdpd' need to be created and the user `uucp' needs to be updated. ++oo A number of things were removed in the NetBSD 4.0 release, including: the evbsh5 port, the Fortran 77 compiler (g77), NETCCITT, NETNS, Sendmail, Sushi, UUCP, and Vinum. If you were using any of these, please see the "Components removed from NetBSD" at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//rreelleeaasseess//ffoorrmmaall--44//NNeettBBSSDD--44..00..hhttmmll##rreemmoovvaallss ++oo The replacement of Sendmail by Postfix can be handled automati- cally by _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l but it is not done by default. If you want to transition to Postfix, the command postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix mailerconf will update your _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f file to use Postfix as the MTA. When using ssyyssiinnsstt to upgrade the system, it will ask if you want this to be done. Note that if you have a customized Sendmail setup, you need to set up Postfix in an equivalent way; there is no tool for auto- matic conversion of Sendmail configuration to a Postfix one. Postfix will be started automatically when the system boots. You may see messages like "$sendmail is not set properly" at boot. You can suppress them by removing _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l and _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_s_m_m_s_p. Those files and other parts of sendmail con- figuration like files under _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l are not removed by default while upgrading for those who want to continue using sendmail from outside the base system. If you want to delete them, _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l can be used: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix sendmail _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _4_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s The following issues can generally be resolved by running _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l with the eettcc set: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix Issues fixed by _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l: ++oo Various files in _/_e_t_c need upgrading. These include: -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_t_r_e_e_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_a_i_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_w_e_e_k_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_o_n_t_h_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_u_b_r -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_h_u_t_d_o_w_n -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_e_n_v_s_y_s_._c_o_n_f The following issues need to be resolved manually: ++oo The users `_httpd' and `_timedc' and the groups `_httpd' and `_timedc' need to be created. ++oo Unprivileged use of the mount(8) command now requires the _n_o_s_u_i_d and _n_o_d_e_v options to be explicitly specified. Previ- ously, these options were automatically enforced even if they were not explicitly specified. ++oo A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 5.0.2 release. See the "Components removed from NetBSD" section near the beginning of this document for a list. UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you installed the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropos(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter # mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter # mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter # aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc- tions. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// for a web interface. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseenndd--pprr..hhttmmll There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_u_s_e_r_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. ++oo The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. ++oo The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. ++oo The Luleoa Academic Computer Society for providing the backup services server. ++oo The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the NYC build cluster. ++oo The Western Washington University Computer Science Department for running the WWU build cluster. ++oo The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddoonnaattiioonnss// (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) WWee aarree...... (in alphabetical order) _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _c_o_r_e _g_r_o_u_p_: Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Quentin Garnier _c_u_b_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _T_h_e _p_o_r_t_m_a_s_t_e_r_s _(_a_n_d _t_h_e_i_r _p_o_r_t_s_)_: Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ccoobbaalltt Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g xxeenn Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g eevvbbmmiippss Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ppmmaaxx Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssbbmmiippss Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aattaarrii Marcus Comstedt _m_a_r_c_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ddrreeaammccaasstt Andrew Doran _a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aammdd6644 Andrew Doran _a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ii338866 Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g cceessffiicc Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g iiyyoonniixx Jaime A Fournier _o_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g zzaauurruuss Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssuunn22 Ichiro FUKUHARA _i_c_h_i_r_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g hhppccaarrmm Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ccaattss Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aaccoorrnn2266 Ross Harvey _r_o_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aallpphhaa Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g hhpp770000 Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssppaarrcc6644 IWAMOTO Toshihiro _t_o_s_h_i_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g hhppccaarrmm Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g nneexxtt6688kk S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssggiimmiippss Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g mmiippssccoo Takayoshi Kochi _k_o_c_h_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g iiaa6644 Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssppaarrcc Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g mmaaccppppcc Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g vvaaxx Cherry G. Mathew _c_h_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g iiaa6644 NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g xx6688kk Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g lluunnaa6688kk Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssaannddppooiinntt Andrey Petrov _p_e_t_r_o_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssppaarrcc6644 Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g mmaacc6688kk Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ooffppppcc Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g pprreepp Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g rrss66000000 Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aarrcc Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aammiiggaa Jonathan Stone _j_o_n_a_t_h_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ppmmaaxx Shin Takemura _t_a_k_e_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g hhppccmmiippss Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aallpphhaa Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g nneettwwiinnddeerr Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aallggoorr Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g eevvbbaarrmm Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g sshhaarrkk Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g eewwss44880000mmiippss Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g hhpp330000 Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g nneewwss6688kk Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g llaannddiisskk Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ssuunn33 Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g eevvbbppppcc Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g mmvvmmee6688kk Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g mmvvmmeeppppcc Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g aaccoorrnn3322 _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _5_._0_._2 _R_e_l_e_a_s_e _E_n_g_i_n_e_e_r_i_n_g _t_e_a_m_: Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Liam J. Foy _l_i_a_m_j_f_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Heasley _h_e_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Geert Hendrickx _g_h_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _N_e_t_B_S_D _D_e_v_e_l_o_p_e_r_s_: Nathan Ahlstrom _n_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Allen _w_o_r_m_e_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jukka Andberg _j_a_n_d_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Assange _p_r_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lennart Augustsson _a_u_g_u_s_t_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christoph Badura _b_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bang Jun-Young _j_u_n_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dieter Baron _d_i_l_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert V. Baron _r_v_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alan Barrett _a_p_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Grant Beattie _g_r_a_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason Beegan _j_t_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hiroyuki Bessho _b_s_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Birrell _j_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mason Loring Bliss _m_a_s_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Charles Blundell _c_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rafal Boni _r_a_f_a_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stephen Borrill _s_b_o_r_r_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sean Boudreau _s_e_a_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Brezak _b_r_e_z_a_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Allen Briggs _b_r_i_g_g_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mark Brinicombe _m_a_r_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aaron Brown _a_b_r_o_w_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andrew Brown _a_t_a_t_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frederick Bruckman _f_r_e_d_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jon Buller _j_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Byrnes _b_y_r_n_e_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Pavel Cahyna _p_a_v_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g D'Arcy J.M. Cain _d_a_r_c_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Carosone _d_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dave Carrel _c_a_r_r_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mihai Chelaru _k_e_f_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Coldwell _b_i_l_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ben Collver _b_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marcus Comstedt _m_a_r_c_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Cranor _c_h_u_c_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aidan Cully _a_i_d_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Garrett D'Amore _g_d_a_m_o_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johan Danielsson _j_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Darrow _j_d_a_r_r_o_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jed Davis _j_l_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt DeBergalis _d_e_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Degroote _d_e_g_r_o_o_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Deker _d_e_k_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris G. Demetriou _c_g_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tracy Di Marco White _g_e_n_d_a_l_i_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jarom'ir Dolecek _j_d_o_l_e_c_e_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andy Doran _a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Dowdeswell _e_l_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Emmanuel Dreyfus _m_a_n_u_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun Ebihara _j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jaime A Fournier _o_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stoned Elipot _s_e_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael van Elst _m_l_e_l_s_t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Enami Tsugutomo _e_n_a_m_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernd Ernesti _v_e_e_g_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Fair _f_a_i_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hauke Fath _h_a_u_k_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hubert Feyrer _h_u_b_e_r_t_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason R. Fink _j_r_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt J. Fleming _m_j_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marty Fouts _m_a_r_t_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Liam J. Foy _l_i_a_m_j_f_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thorsten Frueauf _f_r_u_e_a_u_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Castor Fu _c_a_s_t_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ichiro Fukuhara _i_c_h_i_r_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Quentin Garnier _c_u_b_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Gerner _t_h_o_m_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon J. Gerraty _s_j_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Justin Gibbs _g_i_b_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Gillespie _e_p_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brian Ginsbach _g_i_n_s_b_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Goyette _p_g_o_y_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Graff _e_x_p_l_o_r_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brian C. Grayson _b_g_r_a_y_s_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andreas Gustafsson _g_s_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ulrich Habel _r_h_a_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g HAMAJIMA Katsuomi _h_a_m_a_j_i_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adam Hamsik _h_a_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Juergen Hannken-Illjes _h_a_n_n_k_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Charles M. Hannum _m_y_c_r_o_f_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ross Harvey _r_o_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Haszlakiewicz _e_r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Hawkinson _j_h_a_w_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g HAYAKAWA Koichi _h_a_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Heasley _h_e_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Geert Hendrickx _g_h_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ren'e Hexel _r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Iain Hibbert _p_l_u_n_k_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kouichirou Hiratsuka _h_i_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael L. Hitch _m_h_i_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g 'Ad'am H'oka _a_h_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jachym Holecek _f_r_e_z_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David A. Holland _d_h_o_l_l_a_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian E. Hopps _c_h_o_p_p_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Hornstein _k_e_n_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Horowitz _m_a_r_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shell Hung _s_h_e_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dean Huxley _d_e_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Love H"ornquist oAstrand _l_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Illig _r_i_l_l_i_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernardo Innocenti _b_e_r_n_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tetsuya Isaki _i_s_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ITOH Yasufumi _i_t_o_h_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g IWAMOTO Toshihiro _t_o_s_h_i_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Jacob _m_j_a_c_o_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj _l_o_n_h_y_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nicolas Joly _n_j_o_l_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Jones _c_j_o_n_e_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takahiro Kambe _t_a_c_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masanori Kanaoka _k_a_n_a_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Kardel _k_a_r_d_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mattias Karlsson _k_e_i_h_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g KAWAMOTO Yosihisa _k_a_w_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mario Kemper _m_a_g_i_c_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Min Sik Kim _m_i_n_s_k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Klausner _w_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Klaus Klein _k_l_e_i_n_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Klos _j_k_l_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takayoshi Kochi _k_o_c_h_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Kohl _j_t_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel de Kok _d_a_n_i_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan A. Kollasch _j_a_k_l_l_s_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Kranenburg _p_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lubomir Kundrak _l_k_u_n_d_r_a_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jochen Kunz _j_k_u_n_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martti Kuparinen _m_a_r_t_t_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kentaro A. Kurahone _k_u_r_a_h_o_n_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Lacombe _a_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kevin Lahey _k_m_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Laight _d_s_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johnny C. Lam _j_l_a_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin J. Laubach _m_j_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Lehey _g_r_o_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian Limpach _c_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joel Lindholm _j_o_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tonnerre Lombard _t_o_n_n_e_r_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike Long _m_i_k_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Warner Losh _i_m_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tomasz Luchowski _z_u_n_t_u_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Federico Lupi _f_e_d_e_r_i_c_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brett Lymn _b_l_y_m_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Mackerras _p_a_u_l_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g MAEKAWA Masahide _g_e_h_e_n_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Cherry G. Mathew _c_h_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Maxwell _d_a_v_i_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gregory McGarry _g_m_c_g_a_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dan McMahill _d_m_c_m_a_h_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jared D. McNeill _j_m_c_n_e_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Neil J. McRae _n_e_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julio M. Merino Vidal _j_m_m_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jean-Yves Migeon _j_y_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brook Milligan _b_r_o_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Minoura Makoto _m_i_n_o_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simas Mockevicius _s_y_m_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g der Mouse _m_o_u_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joseph Myers _j_s_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Nakata _k_e_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takeshi Nakayama _n_a_k_a_y_a_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Nemeth _j_n_e_m_e_t_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bob Nestor _r_n_e_s_t_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NONAKA Kimihiro _n_o_n_a_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takehiko NOZAKI _t_n_o_z_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tobias Nygren _t_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OBATA Akio _o_b_a_c_h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jesse Off _j_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tatoku Ogaito _t_a_c_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OKANO Takayoshi _k_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masaru Oki _o_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Atsushi Onoe _o_n_o_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Oster _o_s_t_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rui Paulo _r_p_a_u_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan Perkin _s_k_e_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andrey Petrov _p_e_t_r_o_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Herb Peyerl _h_p_e_y_e_r_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Pfaller _m_a_t_t_h_i_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Pinnock _c_j_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adrian Portelli _a_d_r_i_a_n_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Peter Postma _p_e_t_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dante Profeta _d_a_n_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Provenzano _p_r_o_v_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Niels Provos _p_r_o_v_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mindaugas Rasiukevicius _r_m_i_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Rauch _m_r_a_u_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Recht _r_e_c_h_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darren Reed _d_a_r_r_e_n_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy C. Reed _r_e_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antoine Reilles _t_o_n_i_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tyler R. Retzlaff _r_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Richardson _m_c_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alan Ritter _r_i_t_t_e_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hans Rosenfeld _h_a_n_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gordon Ross _g_w_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Rumble _r_u_m_b_l_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ilpo Ruotsalainen _l_o_n_e_w_o_l_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Heiko W. Rupp _h_w_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Blair J. 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Ushakov _u_w_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Todd Vierling _t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aymeric Vincent _a_y_m_e_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Vixie _v_i_x_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike M. Volokhov _m_i_s_h_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Krister Walfridsson _k_r_i_s_t_e_r_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lex Wennmacher _w_e_n_n_m_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Assar Westerlund _a_s_s_a_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Todd Whitesel _t_o_d_d_p_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Wille _p_h_x_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Windsor _w_i_n_d_s_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dan Winship _d_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jim Wise _j_w_i_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Wolfson _m_b_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Colin Wood _e_n_d_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Yuji Yamano _y_y_a_m_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Young _d_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S.P.Zeidler _s_p_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Maria Zevenhoven _m_a_r_i_a_7_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _O_t_h_e_r _c_o_n_t_r_i_b_u_t_o_r_s_: Dave Burgess _b_u_r_g_e_s_s_@_c_y_n_j_u_t_._i_n_f_o_n_e_t_._n_e_t Brian R. 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This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. This product includes software developed by Tetsuya Isaki. This product includes software developed by Thomas Gerner This product includes software developed by Tobias Weingartner. This product includes software developed by Todd C. Miller. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura and Reinoud Zandijk for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura. for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software developed by Trimble Navigation, Ltd. This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and its contrib- utors. This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens. This product includes software developed by Wasabi Systems for Zembu Labs, Inc. http://www.zembu.com/ This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc. This product includes software developed by Wolfgang Solfrank. This product includes software developed by Yasushi Yamasaki. This product includes software developed by Yen Yen Lim and North Dakota State University. This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Alice Group. This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci- ence at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the Charles D. Cranor, Wash- ington University, University of California, Berkeley and its contribu- tors. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engi- neering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the David Muir Sharnoff. This product includes software developed by the Harvard University and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Network Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/) This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD project and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD team. This product includes software developed by the SMCC Technology Develop- ment Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors, as well as the Trustees of Columbia Uni- versity. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana and their contributors. This product includes software developed by the Urbana-Champaign Indepen- dent Media Center. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Labora- tory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Chris- tos Zoulas This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Emmanuel Dreyfus. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Igna- tios Souvatzis. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed by Kyma Systems. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Kyma Systems LLC. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Michael L. Hitch. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Scott Bartram and Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Alle- gro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Genetec Corporation. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier- mont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET, Swedish University Computer Network. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Shigeyuki Fukushima. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom. This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems. "Similar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education, including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU). This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora- tory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by Computing Services at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/). This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden. This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna- tional, Inc. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material This product includes software developed by Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. This product includes software developed by Neil Carson. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team. This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens. TThhee EEnndd NetBSD February 6, 2010 NetBSD