INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/hp300. CCOONNTTEENNTTSS About this Document............................................2 What is NetBSD?................................................2 Changes Between The NetBSD 7.1.2 and 7.2 Releases..............2 Features to be removed in a later release......................3 The NetBSD Foundation..........................................3 Sources of NetBSD..............................................3 NetBSD 7.2 Release Contents....................................3 NetBSD/hp300 subdirectory structure.........................4 Binary distribution sets....................................5 NetBSD/hp300 System Requirements and Supported Devices.........6 Supported hardware..........................................6 Unsupported hardware........................................8 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media...................9 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................10 Formatting your hard drives................................11 Designing your disk's partition table......................11 Installing the bootstrap program locally...................12 Installing the miniroot file system locally................13 Configuring the netboot server.............................13 Put Series 400 systems in HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode.......17 Searching for a bootable system............................18 Selecting ethernet port on Series 400......................19 Running SYS_INST...........................................19 Choosing a kernel location.................................20 Installing the NetBSD System..................................21 Post installation steps.......................................22 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................24 Upgrading using the miniroot...............................24 Manual upgrade.............................................25 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............26 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases.......26 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 6.x releases.......27 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................27 Administrivia.................................................28 Thanks go to..................................................28 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................29 The End.......................................................34 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 7.2 on the _h_p_3_0_0 platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _._e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t: _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard Internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally pre- sented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net- working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on many different different system architectures (ports) across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 7.2 release contains complete binary releases for most of these system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in source form. Please see the NetBSD website at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg// for information on them.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly por- table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, NetBSD would not exist. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 77..11..22 aanndd 77..22 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 7.2 release brings support for new devices, the integration of many bug fixes, and many userland improvements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//rreelleeaasseess//ffoorrmmaall--77//NNeettBBSSDD--77..22..hhttmmll for some of the more noteworthy changes in this release. A more extensive list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-7.2: hhttttppss::////ccddnn..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--77..22//CCHHAANNGGEESS--77..22 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 7.2 release tree. FFeeaattuurreess ttoo bbee rreemmoovveedd iinn aa llaatteerr rreelleeaassee The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future: ++oo dhclient(8) and rtsol(8) in favor of dhcpcd(8). ++oo groff(1). Man pages are now handled with mandoc(1), and groff(1) can still be found in pkgsrc as _t_e_x_t_p_r_o_c_/_g_r_o_f_f. ++oo rtsol(8) and rtsold(8). TThhee NNeettBBSSDD FFoouunnddaattiioonn The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corpora- tion that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trademark of the word ``NetBSD''. It sup- ports the design, development, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide. More information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ffoouunnddaattiioonn// SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD Refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmiirrrroorrss// NNeettBBSSDD 77..22 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 7.2 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_7_._2_/ CHANGES Changes between the 6.0 and 7.0 releases. CHANGES-7.0 Changes between the initial 7.0 branch and the final release of 7.0. CHANGES-7.1 Changes between the final release of 7.0 and the final release of 7.1. CHANGES-7.2 Changes between the final release of 7.1 and the final release of 7.2. CHANGES.prev Changes in previous NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes and notes about the release. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. _i_m_a_g_e_s_/ Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. Depending on your system, these may be bootable. _s_o_u_r_c_e_/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 7.2 has a binary distribution. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the _s_o_u_r_c_e subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: ggnnuussrrcc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. sshhaarreessrrcc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. ssrrcc This set contains all of the base NetBSD 7.2 sources which are not in ggnnuussrrcc, sshhaarreessrrcc, or ssyyssssrrcc. ssyyssssrrcc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 7.2 kernel for all architectures as well as the config(1) utility. xxssrrcc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. All the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the ppkkggssrrcc set, which is traditionally unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c, all sets may be unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: # ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: MD5 MD5 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa MMDD55 _f_i_l_e. SHA512 SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa SSHHAA551122 _f_i_l_e. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_h_p_3_0_0 _s_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The hp300-specific portion of the NetBSD 7.2 release is found in the _h_p_3_0_0 subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_7_._2_/_h_p_3_0_0_/. It con- tains the following files and directories: _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for everything supported in this release. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_R_A_M_D_I_S_K_._g_z A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for all of the hardware supported in this release with an embedded ramdisk- based installer. This is the same ker- nel that is present on the miniroot filesystem, but uses a newer more user- friendly installation program. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_R_A_M_D_I_S_K_._s_y_m_b_o_l_s_._g_z Symbols for _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_R_A_M_D_I_S_K_._g_z. _s_e_t_s_/ hp300 binary distribution sets; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_/ hp300 miniroot file system image; see below. _m_i_s_c_/ Miscellaneous hp300 installation utilities; see installation section below. _H_P_-_I_B_._g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y A file containing geometry for some HB-IB disk drives. _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T_._g_z A gzipped copy of the SYS_INST miniroot installation program. This is only necessary if you can't use the RAMDISK based installer. _S_Y_S___U_B_O_O_T_._g_z A gzipped copy of the universal boot block. Supports Network, tape and disk booting. This is useful if you are installing a diskless NetBSD/hp300 system. _B_i_n_a_r_y _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD hp300 binary distribution sets contain the binaries which com- prise the NetBSD 7.2 release for hp300. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _h_p_3_0_0_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 7.2 distri- bution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 7.2 hp300 bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally func- tional. ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. eettcc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC This set contains a NetBSD/hp300 7.2 GENERIC kernel, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. mmiisscc This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable doc- ument set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. mmoodduulleess This set includes kernel modules to add functionality to a run- ning system. mmoodduulleess This set includes kernel modules to add functionality to a run- ning system. tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on X.Org. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. xxffoonntt Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients. xxeettcc Configuration files for X which could be locally modified. xxsseerrvveerr The X server. The hp300 binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted _b_e_l_o_w _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr --xxzzppff command from the root directory ( _/ ) of your system. _N_o_t_e_: Each directory in the hp300 binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. NNeettBBSSDD//hhpp330000 SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD/hp300 7.2 will run on most HP 9000/300- and 400-series machines. The smallest amount of RAM that has been tested is 4 MB. If you wish to run X, more RAM is recommended. _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _h_a_r_d_w_a_r_e ++oo CPUs -- 318 (16 MHz 68020, with built-in monochrome framebuffer, no expansion) -- 319 (16 MHz 68020, with built-in 6 bit color framebuffer, no expansion) -- 320 (16 MHz 68020, 16 KB L2 cache, up to 7.5 MB RAM) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _H_u_m_a_n _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _b_o_a_r_d -- 330 (16 MHz 68020, 4 MB on motherboard, up to 8 MB RAM) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _H_u_m_a_n _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _b_o_a_r_d -- 340 (16 MHz 68030, up to 16 MB RAM) -- 345 (50 MHz 68030 with 32 KB L2 cache, up to 128 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) -- 350 (25 MHz 68020, 32 KB L2 cache, up to 48 MB RAM) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _H_u_m_a_n _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _b_o_a_r_d -- 360 (25 MHz 68030, with 4 MB RAM built-in, up to 48 MB RAM) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _b_o_a_r_d -- 362 (25 MHz 68030, up to 16 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) _F_r_a_m_e_b_u_f_f_e_r _i_s _u_n_s_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d_, _y_o_u _m_u_s_t _u_s_e _a _s_e_r_i_a_l _c_o_n_s_o_l_e -- 370 (33 MHz 68030, 64 KB L2 cache, up to 48 MB RAM) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _b_o_a_r_d -- 375 (50 MHz 68030 with 32 KB L2 cache, up to 128 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) -- 380 (25 MHz 68040, up to 128 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) -- 382 (25 MHz 68040, up to 32 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) _F_r_a_m_e_b_u_f_f_e_r _i_s _u_n_s_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d_, _y_o_u _m_u_s_t _u_s_e _a _s_e_r_i_a_l _c_o_n_s_o_l_e -- 385 (33 MHz 68040, up to 128 MB RAM, built-in SCSI) -- 400s, 400t, 400dl (50 MHz 68030 with 32 KB L2 cache, built- in SCSI, up to 128 MB RAM) -- 425s, 425t, 425dl (25 MHz 68040 with built-in SCSI, up to 128 MB RAM) -- 425e (25 MHz 68040, built-in SCSI) _T_h_e _B_o_o_t_R_O_M _d_o_e_s _n_o_t _s_u_p_p_o_r_t _s_e_r_i_a_l _c_o_n_s_o_l_e _a_n_d NetBSD/hp300 _d_o_e_s _n_o_t _s_u_p_p_o_r_t _t_h_e _4_2_5_e _f_r_a_m_e_b_u_f_f_e_r_. _W_h_e_n _t_h_e NetBSD _k_e_r_n_e_l _b_e_g_i_n_s _t_o _b_o_o_t _i_t _w_i_l_l _d_e_f_a_u_l_t _t_o _u_s_i_n_g _t_h_e _s_e_r_i_a_l _p_o_r_t _f_o_r _c_o_n_s_o_l_e -- 433s, 433t, 433dl (33 MHz 68040 with built-in SCSI, up to 128 MB RAM) ++oo HP-IB devices -- _r_d; CS80 disks: 2200, 2203, 7912, 7914, 7933, 7936, 7937, 7945, 7946, 7957, 7958, and 7959 -- _r_d; CS80 floppy disks: 9122, 9134 (possibly others) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _u_s_e _o_f _H_P_-_U_X _L_I_F _u_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s _v_i_a _H_P_-_U_X _e_m_u_l_a_t_i_o_n -- _c_t; CS80 Low-density 16 track cartridge (67 MB): 7912, 7914, 7946, and 9144 _C_a_n_n_o_t _r_e_a_d _o_r _w_r_i_t_e _t_o _3_2 _t_r_a_c_k _t_a_p_e_s -- _c_t; CS80 High-density 32 track cartridge (134 MB): 9145 _C_a_n_n_o_t _w_r_i_t_e _t_o _1_6 _t_r_a_c_k _t_a_p_e_s _(_r_e_a_d _o_n_l_y_) -- _m_t; CS80 Half-inch tape: 7974A, 7978A/B, 7979A, 7980A, and 7980XC. _N_o_t_e_: You should connect HP-IB tape drives and printers to the slow HP-IB interface and hard drives to the fast HP-IB interface (if present). ++oo SCSI devices -- _s_d; SCSI hard drives -- _c_d; SCSI CD-ROM drives -- _s_d; SCSI Magneto-optical drives -- _s_t; SCSI tape drives: HP 35450A (DDS-1 DAT), Exabyte EXB-8200 (8mm), Archive (QIC-24), Archive Viper (QIC-60), Archive Viper (QIC-150), Archive Python 25501 (DAT), and Archive Python 28849 (DAT) -- _c_h; SCSI autochangers ++oo Serial interfaces -- _c_o_m; Built-in single serial port on System Interface board and Human Interface board -- _c_o_m; Built-in Apollo 4-port on Series 400 workstations -- _d_c_m; 98638 8-port (DIO-II board, appears to kernel as two 98642 devices) -- _d_c_m; 98642 4-port (DIO-I board) -- _c_o_m; 98626, 98644 built-in or add-on (DIO-I board) single serial port _N_o_t_e_: See the FAQ for more detailed specs and information on configuring: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//hhpp330000//ffaaqq..hhttmmll##sseerriiaalliinnffoo ++oo Network interfaces -- _l_e; 98643 built-in and add-on (DIO-I board) ethernet cards. ++oo Graphics Devices -- 98544 monochrome Topcat (1024x768, 1 bit, DIO-II) -- 98545A color Topcat (1024x768, 4 bits, DIO-II) -- 98547 color Topcat (1024x768, 6 bits) -- 98548A monochrome Catseye (1024x768, 1 bit) -- 98549A color Catseye (1024x768, 6 bits) -- 98550A Catseye Hi-Res Color (a.k.a. CH) (1280x1024 @ 60 Hz, 8 bits, DIO-II) -- 98700 and 98710 Gatorbox (1280x1024 @ 60 Hz, 4 or 8 bits) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _9_8_2_8_7 _(_D_I_O_-_I _b_o_a_r_d_) _t_o _c_o_n_n_e_c_t _t_o _w_o_r_k_s_t_a_t_i_o_n -- 98720 and 98721 color Renaissance SRX (1280x1024 @ 60 Hz, 8, 12 or 24 bits) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _9_8_7_2_4 _(_D_I_O_-_I _b_o_a_r_d_) _o_r _9_8_7_2_5 _(_D_I_O_-_I_I _b_o_a_r_d_) _t_o _c_o_n_n_e_c_t _t_o _w_o_r_k_s_t_a_t_i_o_n -- 98730 and 98731 DaVinci TurboSRX (1280x1024 @ 60 Hz, 8, 16, or 24 bits) _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s _9_8_7_2_6_A _(_D_I_O_-_I_I _b_o_a_r_d_) _t_o _c_o_n_n_e_c_t _t_o _w_o_r_k_s_t_a_t_i_o_n -- A1096A monochrome Hyperion (1280x1024, 1 bit) -- A1416A Kathmandu (a.k.a. Color VRX) (1280x1024 @ 60 hz, 8 bits, DIO-II) ++oo HP-HIL devices -- Keyboards -- Two and three button mice -- 46094 Quadrature Port (supports normal serial mice) -- Graphics tablets -- Dial boxes -- ID modules ++oo Miscellaneous boards/interfaces -- 98265A/98652 SCSI interface (DIO-I board, daughtercard for 98562, or built-in) -- 98561 Human Interface board (DIO-I board with serial port, HP-HIL, and HP-IB) -- 98562 System Interface board (DIO-II board with serial port, HP-HIL, HP-IB, DMA, and ethernet, has optional fast HP-IB or SCSI daughterboard) -- 98620 DMA card (DIO-I board, for use with 98561) -- 98624 HP-IB interface (DIO-I board or built-in) -- 98625A and 98625B 'fast' HP-IB interface (DIO-I board or daughtercard for 98562) Each serial interface has its own quirks, and some of them use non-stan- dard pins. The FAQ describes how to configure and connect serial con- soles to hp300 systems. hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//hhpp330000//ffaaqq..hhttmmll##sseerriiaallccoonnssoollee When you try booting from a system with a framebuffer that is not sup- ported by NetBSD/hp300, the screen will turn black, and it will try using the serial port for the console. _U_n_s_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _h_a_r_d_w_a_r_e ++oo CPUs -- 310 (10 MHz 68010, with built-in monochrome framebuffer, rs232 (25 pin), hil, and slow hpib) -- 332 (16? MHz 68030, with no floating point unit) ++oo Graphics Devices -- SGC support (for 425e built-in EVRX framebuffer) -- SGC support (for some rare configurations of 4XXt and 4XXdl workstations) -- 98702 TurboVRX DIO-II graphics device -- 98705 Tigershark PersonalVRX DIO-II graphics device -- internal video on models 362/382 ++oo Miscellaneous boards/interfaces -- domain keyboard and mouse, on Series 400 workstations. Needs wscons -- parallel port, on 345, 362, 375, 380, 382, 382, and Series 400 workstations -- EISA support, on Series 400 workstations -- Token Ring cards (a.k.a. ATR) -- VME bus adapter, on Series 300 workstations -- 98628A single port dcl (DIO-I board) -- 98625C fast HP-IB option on models 345 and 375 -- internal SCSI floppy drive on 362, 382, and 425e GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa You should wait to decide where to put the NetBSD distribution sets until you have figured out how you are going to boot your system. Refer back to this section after you have done so. Installation is supported from several media types, including: ++oo CD-ROM / DVD ++oo FTP ++oo Remote NFS partition ++oo Tape ++oo Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the var- ious media are outlined below. _C_D_-_R_O_M _/ _D_V_D Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD-ROM or DVD. Likely locations are _b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s and _h_p_3_0_0_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s. Proceed to the instructions on installation. _F_T_P The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. If you don't have DHCP available on your network, you will need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a net- work directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _N_F_S Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _T_a_p_e To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format. If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easi- est way to do so is probably something like: # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e _d_i_s_t___s_e_t_s where _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e is the name of the tape device that rep- resents the tape drive you're using. This might be _/_d_e_v_/_r_s_t_0, or something similar, but it will vary from sys- tem to system. In the above example, _d_i_s_t___s_e_t_s is a list of filenames corresponding to the distribution sets that you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC,, bbaassee,, and eettcc distributions on tape (the absolute minimum required for installation), you would do the following: # ccdd ......//NNeettBBSSDD--77..22 # ccdd hhpp330000//bbiinnaarryy # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC..ttggzz bbaassee..ttggzz eettcc..ttggzz _N_o_t_e_: You still need to fill in _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e in the example. Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD iinnssttaallllaattiioonn There are two installation tools available. The traditional miniroot installer is script-based and may be netbooted or may be dumped to a disk and run locally. The ramdisk kernel with the ssyyssiinnsstt installation util- ity is more flexible, but can only be netbooted and has not been exten- sively tested. There are several possible installation configurations described in this document. Other configurations are possible, but less common. If you are unable to install based on the information in this document, post a message to _p_o_r_t_-_h_p_3_0_0_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g asking for help. The configurations described in this document are as follows: ++oo hp300 netboots SYS_UBOOT from a NetBSD server running rbootd(8), or other server platforms (Linux, FreeBSD, SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX etc.) with YAMAMORI Takenori's sun-rbootd package and then runs the mini- root installation tools or a purely diskless installation from a server on the same subnet (you must have root access). For more information, refer to the NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//nneettwwoorrkk//nneettbboooott// and hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//nneettwwoorrkk//nneettbboooott//rrbboooottdd// ++oo hp300 loads SYS_UBOOT from a local disk, tape, or floppy and then runs the miniroot installation tools or a purely diskless installa- tion from a server as described above. You will need HP-UX on your hp300 if it does not have a SCSI interface or a floppy drive. ++oo hp300 loads SYS_INST from a local disk. You partition the drive and then run the miniroot installation tools from that drive. You will need HP-UX on your hp300 if it does not have a SCSI interface. The preferred method is to use another NetBSD server to netboot the hp300 client. This procedure will not work on the handful of models which are incapable of netbooting. In particular, the 320, 350, 330, 318, and 319 might not have a recent enough BootROM. The BootROM revision is printed when your workstation is first powered on (or rebooted). Revision B or later will definitely work. BootROMs with numeric revisions such as 1.1 (on a 400s) will netboot without any problems. You can netboot from any built-in or add-on ethernet board on a model with a supported BootROM. If you have access to a NetBSD/hp300 system, it is _m_u_c_h easier to simply upgrade than to install from scratch. Skip down to the section on _U_p_g_r_a_d_i_n_g _a _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s_l_y_-_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_e_d _N_e_t_B_S_D _S_y_s_t_e_m _F_o_r_m_a_t_t_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _h_a_r_d _d_r_i_v_e_s NetBSD/hp300 does not have the capability to perform a low-level format of hard drives. SCSI disks can be formatted on any platform with SCSI support and then used on NetBSD/hp300. HP-IB disks can only be formatted by the HP-UX mediainit(1) command. You may need to first create the device nodes for your disk, as HP-UX was never very good about populating _/_d_e_v_/_r_d_s_k properly. # mmkknnoodd //ddeevv//ddsskk//IIDDss00 bb 00 00xxSSCCIIDD0000 # mmkknnoodd //ddeevv//rrddsskk//IIDDss00 cc 44 00xxSSCCIIDD0000 # mmeeddiiaaiinniitt --vv //ddeevv//rrddsskk//IIDDss00 _I_D is the HP-IB address (a.k.a. slave) of the disk in hexadecimal. This is usually between 00 and 07, but possibly up to 1F (31 decimal) . _S_C is the Select Code of the disk controller. This is usually 07 for slow (i.e. built-in) HP-IB or 0E (14 decimal) for SCSI or fast HP-IB. _D_e_s_i_g_n_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _d_i_s_k_'_s _p_a_r_t_i_t_i_o_n _t_a_b_l_e This step can sometimes be a real pain, especially when using _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T. It's best to calculate it ahead of time. If you are installing to an HP-IB disk, you will need information about your disk's geometry, based on 512-byte sectors. The file _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c_/_H_P_-_I_B_._g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y in the distribution has geometry infor- mation for several HP-IB disks, but may be incomplete. Geometry may be calculated from an HP-UX _/_e_t_c_/_d_i_s_k_t_a_b entry, but note that HP-UX geometry is based on 1024 byte sectors, while NetBSD's is based on 512 byte sec- tors. You should have all partitions start on cylinder boundaries. If you are installing to a SCSI disk, you don't need to worry about the details of the geometry. Just create a disklabel based on the total num- ber of sectors available on the disk. _A _q_u_i_c_k _n_o_t_e _a_b_o_u_t _p_a_r_t_i_t_i_o_n_s_: Since the target disk will become the boot disk for your new NetBSD/hp300 installation, you will need to treat the `a' and `c' partitions in a special manner. Due to the size of the NetBSD/hp300 boot program (it spills into the area after the disklabel), it is necessary to offset the beginning of the `a' partition. For HP-IB disks, it is best to offset it by one cylinder from the beginning of the disk. For SCSI disks, just offset it by 100 KB (200 sectors). Later, the `c' partition will be marked with the type `boot' and may not be used for a file system. (For those unfamiliar with historic BSD partition conventions, the `c' partition is defined as the `entire disk', or the `raw partition'.) _N_o_t_e_: You will need at least a 6 MB swap partition (although 2-3*RAM is recommended) if you are unable to netboot the installer, as the miniroot is temporarily placed in this partition. Here is an example disklabel from a 7959B HP-IB hard drive: # /dev/rrd0a: type: HP-IB disk: rd7959B label: flags: bytes/sector: 512 sectors/track: 42 tracks/cylinder: 9 sectors/cylinder: 378 cylinders: 1572 total sectors: 594216 rpm: 3600 interleave: 1 trackskew: 0 cylinderskew: 0 headswitch: 0 # milliseconds track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds drivedata: 0 8 partitions: # size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg] a: 37800 378 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # b: 66150 38178 swap 1024 8192 16 # c: 594216 0 boot # (Cyl. 0 - 1571) d: 489888 104328 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_i_n_g _t_h_e _b_o_o_t_s_t_r_a_p _p_r_o_g_r_a_m _l_o_c_a_l_l_y For earlier models incapable of netbooting, you need to install the boot- strap program on a bootable local device, such as a hard disk, floppy disk, or tape drive. If you will be booting the miniroot over the net- work, then you will be installing _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c_/_S_Y_S___U_B_O_O_T. If you do not have access to a netboot server to serve the miniroot installer, you can use a primitive bootstrap program _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c_/_S_Y_S___I_N_S_T to load the miniroot from a locally attached device (such as a disk, tape or CD-R). This is not recommended, as _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T is difficult to use, buggy, and provides no error checking when partitioning your disk. If your system has SCSI, this is easy. Just take a scratch SCSI disk (hard disk, zip disk, or CD-R) and use any computer to dump the bootstrap program to it. For example, to dump it to the sd1 disk on a non-i386 platform: # dddd iiff==SSYYSS__UUBBOOOOTT ooff==//ddeevv//ssdd11cc If your system has a floppy drive, you can write the bootstrap program to it using any computer with a floppy drive. You will need to dump it using a utility like rraawwrriittee or dd(1). Make sure to read back from the floppy to verify that the file has been written correctly. If your system does not have SCSI or a floppy drive, you will need a bootable operating system on your hp300 so you can write files to the HP- IB device. You should probably write the bootstrap program to the disk you will be installing NetBSD onto. Using HP-UX to write to an HP-IB disk: # dddd iiff==SSYYSS__UUBBOOOOTT ooff==//ddeevv//rrddsskk//IIDDss00 _I_D is the HP-IB address (a.k.a. slave) of the disk in hexadecimal. This is usually between 00 and 07, but possibly up to 1F (31 decimal) . Using HP-UX to write to an HP-IB tape: # dddd iiff==SSYYSS__UUBBOOOOTT ooff==//ddeevv//rrmmtt//00mmnnbb oobbss==2200bb ccoonnvv==oossyynncc _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_i_n_g _t_h_e _m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t _f_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m _l_o_c_a_l_l_y This step is only necessary if you are not loading the miniroot installer from a netboot server. Follow the same procedure for the bootstrap pro- gram, except use the uncompressed miniroot file system (_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_/_m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_._f_s_._g_z ) instead of the bootstrap program. The only quirk is that you should place it at the offset of the swap par- tition you calculated above in the disklabel. In the example disklabel above, the offset is 38178 sectors of 512 bytes. Therefore, the dd(1) command would be something like: # gguunnzziipp mmiinniirroooott..ffss..ggzz # dddd iiff==mmiinniirroooott..ffss ooff==//ddeevv//rrddsskk//IIDDss00 sseeeekk==3388117788bb Note the `b' after the offset, which specifies blocks of 512 bytes. By dumping the miniroot to disk where the swap partition will be, you're saving a step later where _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T tries to download the miniroot over NFS. Just make sure that when you enter the partition table into _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T you use the same block offset for the swap partition as you dumped the miniroot. _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_i_n_g _t_h_e _n_e_t_b_o_o_t _s_e_r_v_e_r This step will configure your netboot server to provide _S_Y_S___U_B_O_O_T and the miniroot installer to your hp300. 1. Introduction To netboot a hp300, you must configure one or more servers to pro- vide information and files to your hp300 (the `client'). If you are using NetBSD (any architecture) on your netboot server(s), the information provided here should be sufficient to configure every- thing. Additionally, you may wish to look at the diskless(8) manual page and the manual pages for each daemon you'll be configuring. If the server(s) are another operating system, you should consult the NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps neces- sary to configure the netboot services on a variety of platforms. hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//nneettwwoorrkk//nneettbboooott// You may either netboot the installer so you can install onto a locally attached disk, or you may run your system entirely over the network. Briefly, the netboot process involves discovery, bootstrap, kernel and file system stages. In the first stage, the client discovers information about where to find the bootstrap program. Next, it downloads and executes the bootstrap program. The bootstrap program goes through another discovery phase to determine where the kernel is located. The bootstrap program tries to mount the NFS share con- taining the kernel. Once the kernel is loaded, it starts executing. For RAM disk kernels, it mounts the RAM disk file system and begins executing the installer from the RAM disk. For normal (non-RAM disk) kernels, the kernel tries to mount the NFS share that had the kernel and starts executing the installation tools or init(8). All supported hp300 systems use HP's proprietary RMP (the rbootd(8) dae- mon) for the first discovery stage and bootstrap download stages. The bootstrap program uses DHCP for its discovery stage. NFS is used in both the kernel and file system stages to download the ker- nel, and to access files on the file server. We will use `CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC' as the MAC address (ethernet hard- ware address) of your netboot client machine. You should have determined this address in an earlier stage. In this example, we will use `192.168.1.10' as the IP address of your client and `client.test.net' as its name. We will assume you're providing all of your netboot services on one machine called `server.test.net' with the client's files exported from the directory _/_e_x_p_o_r_t_/_c_l_i_e_n_t_/_r_o_o_t. You should, of course, replace all of these with the names, addresses, and paths appropriate to your environ- ment. You should set up each netboot stage in order (i.e., discovery, bootstrap, kernel, and then file system) so that you can test them as you proceed. 2. rbootd(8) Get _S_Y_S___U_B_O_O_T from the _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c directory of the distribu- tion. # mmkkddiirr --pp //uussrr//mmddeecc//rrbboooottdd # ccpp SSYYSS__UUBBOOOOTT //uussrr//mmddeecc//rrbboooottdd # cchhmmoodd --RR aa++rrXX //uussrr//mmddeecc//rrbboooottdd Create _/_e_t_c_/_r_b_o_o_t_d_._c_o_n_f with the following line: CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC SYS_UBOOT You will need to start the rrbboooottdd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with: # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//rrbboooottdd rreessttaarrtt If your netboot server is not running NetBSD but other OSs (like Linux, Solaris etc.), you have to use YAMAMORI Takenori's sun-rbootd package instead of native rbootd(8). Please refer the "Setting up the rbootd server" section in the NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//nneettwwoorrkk//nneettbboooott//rrbboooottdd// for details. 3. dhcpd(8) The bootstrap program uses DHCP to discover the location of the ker- nel. Put the following lines in your _/_e_t_c_/_d_h_c_p_d_._c_o_n_f (see dhcpd.conf(5) and dhcp-options(5) for more information): ddns-update-style none; # Do not use any dynamic DNS features # allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server # will act as a bootp server. # authoritative; # master DHCP server for this subnet # subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # Which network interface to listen on. # The zeros indicate the range of addresses # that are allowed to connect. } group { # Set of parameters common to all clients # in this "group". # option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option domain-name "test.net"; option domain-name-servers dns.test.net; option routers router.test.net; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; # # An individual client. # host client.test.net { hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC; fixed-address 192.168.1.10; # # Name of the host (if the fixed address # doesn't resolve to a simple name). # option host-name "client"; # # The path on the NFS server. # option root-path "/export/client/root"; # # If your DHCP server is not your NFS server, supply the # address of the NFS server. Since we assume you run everything # on one server, this is not needed. # # next-server server.test.net; } #you may paste another "host" entry here for additional #clients on this network } You will need to make sure that the _d_h_c_p_d_._l_e_a_s_e_s file exists. # ttoouucchh //vvaarr//ddbb//ddhhccppdd..lleeaasseess You will need to start the ddhhccppdd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with: # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//ddhhccppdd rreessttaarrtt 4. nfsd(8), mountd(8), and rpcbind(8) Now your system should be able to load the bootstrap program and start looking for the kernel. Let's set up the NFS server. Create the directory you are exporting for the netboot client: # mmkkddiirr --pp //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott Put the following line in _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s to enable NFS sharing: /export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net If your server is currently running an NFS server, you only need to restart mountd(8). Otherwise, you need to start rpcbind(8) and nfsd(8). If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with: # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//rrppccbbiinndd ssttaarrtt # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//nnffssdd ssttaarrtt # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//mmoouunnttdd rreessttaarrtt 5. NetBSD kernel and installation tools Now, if you place a kernel named _n_e_t_b_s_d in _/_e_x_p_o_r_t_/_c_l_i_e_n_t_/_r_o_o_t your client should boot the kernel. If you are netbooting the installer, you can use either the traditional miniroot-based installer _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_/_m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_._f_s_._g_z or the experimental RAM disk- based installer _b_i_n_a_r_y_/_k_e_r_n_e_l_/_n_e_t_b_s_d_-_R_A_M_D_I_S_K_._g_z. To use the miniroot-based installer, mount the miniroot file system on your netboot server. This procedure does _n_o_t work on any operat- ing system other than NetBSD. You'll also need to either set up a new NFS share point or an FTP server for the distribution files, as they won't fit inside the miniroot file system. # gguunnzziipp mmiinniirroooott..ffss..ggzz # vvnnccoonnffiigg --cc //ddeevv//vvnndd00cc //ppaatthh//ttoo//mmiinniirroooott..ffss # mmoouunntt --oo rroo //ddeevv//vvnndd00cc //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott # llss //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott .profile dist/ install.md mnt/ sbin/ usr/ bin/ etc/ install.sub mnt2/ tmp/ var/ dev/ install* kern/ netbsd* upgrade* If there are no files present in your exported directory, then some- thing is wrong. To use the RAM disk-based installer, uncompress and rename the ker- nel. Also, copy the distribution files to the client's root direc- tory. # ccpp **ttggzz //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott # gguunnzziipp nneettbbssdd--RRAAMMDDIISSKK..ggzz # mmvv nneettbbssdd--RRAAMMDDIISSKK //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott//nneettbbssdd If you are running your hp300 diskless, simply use _b_i_n_a_r_y_/_k_e_r_n_e_l_/_n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z. 6. Client file system You can skip this step if you do not plan to run your client disk- less after installation. Otherwise, you need to extract and set up the client's installation of NetBSD. The Diskless HOW-TO describes how to provide better security and save space on the NFS server over the procedure listed here. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//nneettwwoorrkk//nneettbboooott//nnffss..hhttmmll for details. ++oo Extracting distribution sets # ccdd //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott # ttaarr --xxppzzff //ppaatthh//ttoo//ffiilleess//bbaassee..ttggzz # ttaarr --xxppzzff //ppaatthh//ttoo//ffiilleess//eettcc..ttggzz Continue with the other non-essential distribution sets if desired. ++oo Set up swap # mmkkddiirr //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott//sswwaapp # dddd iiff==//ddeevv//zzeerroo ooff==//eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//sswwaapp bbss==44kk ccoouunntt==44kk # eecchhoo ''//eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//sswwaapp --mmaapprroooott==rroooott::wwhheeeell cclliieenntt..tteesstt..nneett'' >>>> //eettcc//eexxppoorrttss # //eettcc//rrcc..dd//mmoouunnttdd rreessttaarrtt This creates a 16 MB swap file and exports it to the client. ++oo Create device nodes # ccdd //eexxppoorrtt//cclliieenntt//rroooott//ddeevv # ..//MMAAKKEEDDEEVV aallll This procedure only works on NetBSD hosts. ++oo Set up the client's fstab(5) Create a file in _/_e_x_p_o_r_t_/_c_l_i_e_n_t_/_r_o_o_t_/_e_t_c_/_f_s_t_a_b with the follow- ing lines: server:/export/client/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap server:/export/client/root / nfs rw 0 0 ++oo Set up the client's rc.conf(5) Edit _/_e_x_p_o_r_t_/_c_l_i_e_n_t_/_r_o_o_t_/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f rc_configured=YES hostname="client" defaultroute="192.168.1.1" nfs_client=YES auto_ifconfig=NO net_interfaces="" Make sure rc does not reconfigure the network device since it will lose its connection to the NFS server with your root file system. ++oo Set up the client's hosts(5) file. Edit _/_e_x_p_o_r_t_/_c_l_i_e_n_t_/_r_o_o_t_/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s ::1 localhost 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.1.10 client.test.net client 192.168.1.5 server.test.net server 7. Setting up the server daemons If you want these services to start up every time you boot your server, make sure the following lines are present in your _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f: rbootd=YES rbootd_flags="" dhcpd=YES dhcpd_flags="-q" nfs_server=YES # enable server daemons mountd=YES rpcbind=YES rpcbind_flags="-l" # -l logs libwrap _P_u_t _S_e_r_i_e_s _4_0_0 _s_y_s_t_e_m_s _i_n _H_P_-_U_X _C_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_l_e _B_o_o_t _M_o_d_e Series 400 systems can be configured to boot either HP-UX or DomainOS. To boot NetBSD/hp300 you must have your system configured in `HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode'. If, when you power on your machine, it does _n_o_t present a menu like the following, then you need to change your configu- ration. Copyright 1990, Hewlett-Packard Company. All Rights Reserved. BOOTROM Series 400 Rev. 1.1 MD12 REV 1.2 1990/08/07.14:27:08 [...] 1. Attach a Domain keyboard or an HIL keyboard. The BootROM knows how to use either, even if NetBSD doesn't yet. 2. Put your system into `service mode'. For a 4XXs, there's a toggle switch on the back of the machine (near the top). For a 4XXt or 4XXdl, press the green button on the front, behind the silly door. For a 425e, there's a toggle switch on the back of the machine (in the middle). The second green LED should light up. 3. Reset the machine. Press the reset button. For a 4XXs, there's a small plunger on the back of the machine (near the top). For a 4XXt or 4XXdl, there's a white button on the front, behind the silly door. For a 425e, there's a button on the back of the machine. 4. Press RETURN to get the Domain boot prompt (> ). You can type H to get a list of available commands. 5. Type the following sequence of commands to convert to `HP-UX Compatible Boot Mode'. > CCFF Type [key] RETURN ? 22 Type [key] RETURN ? 22 Type T or P RETURN ? PP Type [key] RETURN ? EE 6. Be sure to turn `service mode' _o_f_f when you're done. It may prevent you from selecting which device to boot from. See the FAQ for additional help. hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//hhpp330000//ffaaqq..hhttmmll##ddoommaaiinn _S_e_a_r_c_h_i_n_g _f_o_r _a _b_o_o_t_a_b_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m All the early hp300 Boot ROMs are very primitive and only allow a few simple operations. You can only interact with it after it is first pow- ered on. If you reboot the machine, it will ignore anything you type and start loading the same OS you previously booted. At any time after it recognizes the keyboard, while it is doing its self test or searching for a bootable system, you can hit reset to return it to a cold-boot configuration. On HIL keyboards, this is control-shift-break, where break is the key in the upper left (where escape is on sane keyboards). There is no equivalent over serial termi- nal, you'll need to power-cycle your machine. After it beeps (i.e. recognizes the HIL keyboard), press RETURN twice to get the list of bootable devices. SEARCHING FOR A SYSTEM (RETURN To Pause) The newer HP Boot ROM, present on Series 400 machines and some of the later 300s (345, 375, 380, 382, 385) is capable of a little bit more. To select which device to boot from, press RETURN once after it beeps twice (i.e. recognizes the HIL keyboard) to get the list of bootable devices. RESET To Power-Up, SPACE clears input Select System, type RETURN ? The FAQ lists additional things you can do with the BootROM and describes the order the BootROM looks for bootable devices. hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//hhpp330000//ffaaqq..hhttmmll A normal power-on sequence (from a 400s) looks something like this: Copyright 1990, Hewlett-Packard Company. All Rights Reserved. BOOTROM Series 400 Rev. 1.1 MD12 REV 1.2 1990/08/07.14:27:08 MC68030 Processor MC68882 Coprocessor Configuration EEPROM Utility Chip at 41 HP-HIL.Keyboard RESET To Power-Up Loading Memory Self-Test Mode RESET To Power-Up, SPACE clears input Select System, type RETURN HP-IB DMA-C0 Self-Test Mode RAM 33554158 Bytes HP98644 (RS-232) at 9 HP PARALLEL at 12 HP98265 (SCSI S 32) at 14 HP98643 (LAN) at 21, AUI, 080009115DB3 Bit Mapped Video at 133 (Console) System Search Mode :RODIME RO3000T, 1406, 0 1Z SYS_UBOOT :LAN080009115DB3, 2100, 0 2Z SYS_UBOOT :HP7959, 702, 0, 0 1H SYSHPUX 1D SYSDEBUG 1B SYSBCKUP :HP9122, 0700, 0, 0 3Z SYS_INST You should see your bootstrap program somewhere in this list. If it's not here, then your hp300 can't boot it and there's a problem somewhere. To boot from a particular device, type in the two character name for it and press RETURN. In this example, you'd type 2Z to boot from the net- work. _S_e_l_e_c_t_i_n_g _e_t_h_e_r_n_e_t _p_o_r_t _o_n _S_e_r_i_e_s _4_0_0 Series 400 machines have two ethernet media types built into the mother- board. You may only use one at a time. When your Series 400 workstation goes through the self-test when powered on or rebooted, it will say one of the following: HP98643 (LAN) at 21, AUI HP98643 (LAN) at 21, Thin If the wrong type of network is selected, you will need to change the ethernet port. You will need to open the case (4XXt, 4XXdl, 4XXe) or remove the motherboard (4XXs) to access the jumper. Be sure to use static-prevention measures, as you could easily fry your motherboard from carelessness. If you are uncomfortable with this, ask a friend who is aware of these issues. There is a block of 8 jumpers at the rear of the motherboard, labeled AUI/Thin. You will need to put the jumpers in the position necessary for your type of ethernet. _R_u_n_n_i_n_g _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T This step is necessary _o_n_l_y if you cannot netboot. Chose SYS_INST from the list of bootable devices that the BootROM found. SYS_INST will load and prompt you for a command. _A _q_u_i_c_k _n_o_t_e _a_b_o_u_t _d_i_s_k _n_u_m_b_e_r_s_: While in the _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T program, you may use different unit numbers for the disks than when the NetBSD kernel is running. The unit number for a disk while in _S_Y_S___I_N_S_T is calculated with the following formula: unit = (controller * 8) + slaveID Controllers are numbered 0, 1, ... starting with the lowest select code. SCSI controllers and HP-IB controllers are counted separately. There- fore, if you had a system with an internal HP-IB interface at select code 7, a fast HP-IB interface at select code 14, and a SCSI interface at select code 16, unit numbers might be something like the following: LLooccaattiioonn UUnniitt HP-IB at 7, slaveID 2 2 (disk: rd2) HP-IB at 14, slaveID 5 13 (disk: rd13) SCSI at 16, slaveID 0 0 (disk: sd0) You will need to place a disklabel on the disk. sys_inst> ddiisskkllaabbeell _N_o_t_e_: It may be worth selecting the zzaapp option initially to ensure that the disklabel area is clear. This may be especially important if an HP-UX boot block had been previously installed on the disk. Select the eeddiitt option, and answer the questions about your disk. There may be several questions which you may not be sure of the answers to. Listed below are guidelines for SCSI and HP-IB disks: Bad sectoring? NO Ecc? NO Interleave? 1 Trackskew? 0 Cylinderskew? 0 Headswitch? 0 Track-to-track? 0 Drivedata 0-4? 0 (for all Drivedata values) Next, you will be asked to fill out the partition map. You must provide responses for all 8 partitions. Remember, you must have the sector off- set for the `b' partition match the location you dumped the miniroot file system image. Set the size and offset of any unused partition to 0. Note that sizes and offsets are expressed in `n sectors', assuming 512 byte sectors. Care should be taken to ensure that partitions begin and end on cylinder boundaries (i.e. size and offset is an even multiple of the number of sectors per cylinder). While this is not technically nec- essary, it is generally encouraged. _N_o_t_e_: When setting the partition type of the `b' partition, make sure to specify it as an ffs partition so that the miniroot can be mounted (even if this will be a swap partition). You will be given a chance to clean this up later in the installation process. Once you have edited the label, select the sshhooww option to verify that it is correct. If so, select wwrriittee and ddoonnee. Otherwise, you may re-edit the label. In an earlier step, we already copied the miniroot image to the target disk. Boot from the miniroot file system. sys_inst> bboooott Enter the disk from which to boot. The kernel in the miniroot file sys- tem will be booted into single-user mode. _C_h_o_o_s_i_n_g _a _k_e_r_n_e_l _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n Once the bootstrap program SYS_UBOOT has started, it will pause and let you chose a kernel location, name, and options: >> NetBSD/hp300 Primary Boot, Revision 1.13 >> (gregm@mcgarry, Mon Apr 15 08:46:32 NZST 2002) >> HP 9000/425e SPU >> Enter "reset" to reset system. Boot: [[[le0a:]netbsd][-a][-c][-d][-s][-v][-q]] :- If your kernel is on a different device than SYS_UBOOT then you will need to type in where to find it. This is the case, for example, if your model is incapable of netbooting and you started SYS_UBOOT from a floppy, and the miniroot installer is on a netboot server. In this case, you'd type in `le0' at the prompt. If you've installed the miniroot on your disk, you can always boot from that by using partition `b' when prompted by SYS_UBOOT. For example, to boot the miniroot from an HP-IB disk on controller 0 at slave ID 2, you'd type: Boot: [[[rd0a:]netbsd][-a][-c][-d][-s][-v][-q]] :- rrdd22bb::nneettbbssdd IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The miniroot's install program is very simple to use. It will guide you through the entire process, and is well automated. If you need to restart the installer, hit Control-C which will return you to a shell prompt. From there, just start it over: # ..//iinnssttaallll The experimental RAM disk-based installer is not described here, but is very self-explanatory. The miniroot's install program will: 1. Allow you to place disklabels on additional disks. Note that parti- tion sizes and offsets are expressed in sectors. When you fill out the disklabel, you will need to specify partition types and file system parameters. If you're unsure what these values should be, use the following: fstype: 4.2BSD fsize: 1024 bsize: 4096 cpg: 16 If the partition will be a swap partition, use the following: fstype: swap fsize: 0 (or blank) bsize: 0 (or blank) cpg: 0 (or blank) You will also need to specify the number of partitions. The number of partitions is determined by the `index' of the last partition letter, where a = 1, b = 2, etc. Therefore, if the last filled par- tition is partition `g', there are 7 partitions. Any partitions with size of 0 may be removed from the list. Anything after a `#' is a comment. The following is an example disklabel partition map: 7 partitions: # size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg] a: 30912 448 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 1 - 69) b: 130816 31360 swap # (Cyl. 70 - 361) c: 1296512 0 boot # (Cyl. 0 - 2893) e: 81984 162176 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 362 - 544) f: 102592 244160 4.2BSD 1024 4096 16 # (Cyl. 545 - 773) g: 949760 346752 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 774 - 2893) 2. Create file systems on target partitions. 3. Allow you to set up your system's network configuration. Remember to specify host names without the domain name appended to the end. For example use foo instead of foo.bar.org. If, during the process of configuring the network interfaces, you make a mistake, you will be able to re-configure that interface by simply selecting it for configuration again. 4. Mount target file systems. You will be given the opportunity to manually edit the resulting _/_e_t_c_/_f_s_t_a_b. 5. Extract binary sets from the media of your choice. 6. Copy configuration information gathered during the installation process to your root file system (_/). 7. Make device nodes in your root file system under _/_d_e_v. 8. Copy a new kernel onto your root partition (_/). 9. Install a new boot block. 10. Check your file systems for integrity. First-time installation on a system through a method other than the installation program is possible, but strongly discouraged. PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. 1. Before all else, read postinstall(8). 2. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f (ssyyssiinnsstt normally will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (_/) mounted read-only. When the sys- tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a _/_b_i_n_/_s_h prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with hhpp330000hh for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console. and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depend- ing on your keyboard: # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^hh'' # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^??'' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --uu --ww // Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi- user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). When you have finished editing _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that may need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked environment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e. You may also need to add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_le0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Instead of manually configuring networking, DHCP can be used by set- ting dhcpcd=YES in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f. 3. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. If you didn't set a password in ssyyssiinnsstt, there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)). One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root. 4. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system. Do not edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database. 5. The X Window System If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chap- ter about X in the NetBSD Guide: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//gguuiiddee//eenn//cchhaapp--xx..hhttmmll Also, you may want to read through the NetBSD/hp300 FAQ entry on X11. hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//hhpp330000//ffaaqq..hhttmmll##xx1111 6. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages the software may depend upon. ++oo More information on the package system is available at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//ssooffttwwaarree//ppaacckkaaggeess..hhttmmll ++oo A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at hhttttppss::////ccddnn..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ccuurrrreenntt//ppkkggssrrcc//RREEAADDMMEE..hhttmmll ++oo Precompiled binaries can be found at hhttttppss::////ccddnn..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD// usually in the _h_p_3_0_0_/_7_._2_/_A_l_l subdir. If you installed pkgin(1) in the ssyyssiinnsstt post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install binary packages over the network. Assuming that _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_/_e_t_c_/_p_k_g_i_n_/_r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_i_e_s_._c_o_n_f is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands: ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ttccsshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll bbaasshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ppeerrll ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll aappaacchhee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll kkddee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ffiirreeffooxx ... _N_o_t_e_: Some mirror sites don't mirror the _/_p_u_b_/_p_k_g_s_r_c directory. The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. ++oo If you did not install it from the ssyyssiinnsstt post-installation configuration menu, the pkgsrc(7) framework for compiling pack- ages can be obtained by retrieving the file hhttttppss::////ccddnn..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz. It is typically extracted into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c (though other loca- tions work fine) with the commands: # ccdd //uussrr # ttaarr --zzxxppff ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz After extracting, see the _d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t file in the extraction directory (e.g., _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t) for more informa- tion. 7. Misc ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the man- ual; so just invoking # mmaann 55 _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm It is possible to easily upgrade your existing NetBSD/hp300 system using the upgrade program in the miniroot or by manually performing the same steps as the miniroot upgrade program. _U_p_g_r_a_d_i_n_g _u_s_i_n_g _t_h_e _m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t If you wish to upgrade your system by this method, simply select the uuppggrraaddee option once the miniroot has booted. The upgrade program with then guide you through the procedure. While you can boot the miniroot using the same methods described above for a fresh install of NetBSD/hp300 there are easier and less intrusive options since your disk is already labeled and bootable. The easiest is to dump the miniroot to your swap partition and boot from that. 1. Download the files you'll need to upgrade In particular, make sure you have on your locally mounted file sys- tems _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z and _m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_._f_s_._g_z 2. Boot your hp300 into `single-user mode': Follow the instructions in the section above on _C_h_o_s_i_n_g _a _k_e_r_n_e_l _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n and type -s at the prompt. 3. Extract and install a new boot block: Make sure you install the bootstrap program distributed with this version of NetBSD/hp300. # ttaarr --xxppvvzzff bbaassee..ttggzz ..//uussrr//mmddeecc # ddiisskkllaabbeell --BB --bb ..//uussrr//mmddeecc//uubboooott..lliiff _r_o_o_t_-_d_i_s_k E.g.: _r_o_o_t_-_d_i_s_k could be sd0 or rd0. We'll assume rd0 for now. 4. Install the miniroot file system: First make sure that your `b' partition has enough room for the uncompressed miniroot (otherwise it might overwrite another parti- tion or the end of the disk). # gguunnzziipp mmiinniirroooott..ffss..ggzz # dddd iiff==mmiinniirroooott..ffss ooff==//ddeevv//rrdd00bb 5. Boot the miniroot: Follow the instructions in the section above on _C_h_o_s_i_n_g _a _k_e_r_n_e_l _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n and type rd0b:netbsd at the prompt. The upgrade program will: 1. Enable the network based on your system's current network configura- tion. 2. Mount your existing file systems. 3. Extract binary sets from the media of your choice. 4. Fixup your system's existing _/_e_t_c_/_f_s_t_a_b, changing the occurrences of uuffss to ffffss and let you edit the resulting file. 5. Make new device nodes in your root file system under _/_d_e_v. 6. Don't forget to extract the kkeerrnn set from the distribution. _N_o_t_e_: The existing kernel _w_i_l_l _n_o_t be backed up; doing so would be pointless, since older kernels may not be capable of running NetBSD 7.2 executables. 7. Install a new boot block. 8. Check your file systems for integrity. 9. You'll have to reboot your system manually _M_a_n_u_a_l _u_p_g_r_a_d_e While using the miniroot's upgrade program is the preferred method of upgrading your system, it is possible to upgrade your system manually. To do this, follow the following procedure: 1. Place _a_t _l_e_a_s_t the bbaassee binary set in a file system accessible to the target machine. A local file system is preferred, since the NFS subsystem in the NetBSD 7.2 kernel may be incompatible with your old binaries. 2. Back up your pre-existing kernel and copy the 7.2 kernel into your root partition (_/). 3. Extract and install a new boot block: Make sure you install the bootstrap program distributed with this version of NetBSD/hp300. # ttaarr --xxppvvzzff bbaassee..ttggzz ..//uussrr//mmddeecc # ddiisskkllaabbeell --BB --bb ..//uussrr//mmddeecc//uubboooott..lliiff _r_o_o_t_-_d_i_s_k E.g.: _r_o_o_t_-_d_i_s_k could be sd0 or rd0. 4. Reboot with the 7.2 kernel into single-user mode. 5. Check all file systems: # //ssbbiinn//ffsscckk --ppff 6. Mount all local file systems: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --aa --tt nnoonnffss 7. If you keep _/_u_s_r or _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e on an NFS server, you will want to mount those file systems as well. To do this, you will need to enable the network: # sshh //eettcc//rrcc..dd//nneettwwoorrkk ssttaarrtt 8. Make sure you are in the root file system (_/) and extract the bbaassee binary set: # ccdd // # ppaaxx --zzrrvvppee --ff _/_p_a_t_h_/_t_o_/bbaassee..ttggzz 9. Sync the file systems: # ssyynncc 10. At this point you may extract any other binary sets you may have placed on local file systems, or you may wish to extract additional sets at a later time. To extract these sets, use the following com- mands: # ccdd // # ppaaxx --zzrrvvppee --ff _p_a_t_h___t_o___s_e_t _N_o_t_e_: You _s_h_o_u_l_d _n_o_t extract the eettcc set if upgrading. Instead, you should extract that set into another area and carefully merge the changes by hand. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 7.2. Note that ssyyssiinnsstt will automatically invoke postinstall fix and thus all issues that are fixed by ppoossttiinnssttaallll by default will be han- dled. A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 7.2 release. See the ``Components removed from NetBSD'' section near the beginning of this document for a list. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _5_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s See the section below on upgrading from NetBSD 6.x as well. The following users need to be created: ++oo _mdnsd ++oo _tests ++oo _tcpdump ++oo _tss The following groups need to be created: ++oo _mdnsd ++oo _tests ++oo _tcpdump ++oo _tss The implementation of SHA2-HMAC in KAME_IPSEC as used in NetBSD 5.0 and before did not comply with current standards. FAST_IPSEC does, with the result that old and new systems cannot communicate over IPSEC if one of the affected authentication algorithms (hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384, hmac_sha512) is used. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _6_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s The following user needs to be created: ++oo _rtadvd The following groups need to be created: ++oo _gpio ++oo _rtadvd UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you installed the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropos(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter # mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter # mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter # aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// for details. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseenndd--pprr..hhttmmll There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with NetBSD, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_u_s_e_r_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it. If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. ++oo The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. ++oo The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. ++oo The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the build cluster. ++oo The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddoonnaattiioonnss// (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) LLeeggaall MMuummbboo--JJuummbboo All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trade- marks of their respective owners. The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document: NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation. This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 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This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom. This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems. "Similar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education, including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU). This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora- tory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by Computing Services at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/). This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna- tional, Inc. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. In the following statement, "This software" refers to the parallel port driver: This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. Some files have the following copyright: Mach Operating System Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copy- right notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribu- tion@CS.CMU.EDU School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these changes. Some files have the following copyright: Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University. All rights reserved. Author: Chris G. Demetriou Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copy- right notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribu- tion@CS.CMU.EDU School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these changes. Some files have the following copyright: Copyright 1996 The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies. Stanford University makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. TThhee EEnndd NetBSD August 29, 2018 NetBSD